What were the causes of the British American War for Independence? What happened to lead many subjects to rebel against their government?

1. What were the causes of the British American War for Independence? What happened to lead many subjects to rebel against their government? How did the rebels gain their independence despite being outmatched militarily on land and on the sea?
2. Who gained and who lost as a result of British-American independence?

3. What were the key sites of conflict in the new republic?