1.Describe what a “cocktail party phenomenon” is, as investigated in the present study. With regards the three main purposes of this study described towards the end of the Introduction, what is new about this study that was not addressed in the previous studies of the cocktail party phenomenon? (4marks, limit 100words)
2.Summarizethe experimental designin sentences (not bullet points). You must mention: a) the participants, b) what the participants were asked to do (i.e., what was the main experimental task), c) what were the two independent variables (IV)–i.e., what were manipulated -and the levels (conditions) within each IVs, making clearhowthey were manipulated, d) the dependent variable used to measure the cocktail party phenomenon. (4 marks, limit 200words).
3.Describe how the classic cocktail party phenomenon relates to the individual difference in working memory (make clear which graph/table you are referring to, and the statistical support for the relationship). (3 marks, limit 50 words)
4.In addition to the results you described in Q3, the authors also reported an analysis of shadowing errors. Describe the main pattern of results depicted in Figure 1, and
2the authors’ interpretation of what they tell us about the role of the attentional system in the cocktail party phenomenon(4marks, limit 130 words)Note on Bayesian statistics: Bayes factor (BF) is a measure of relative amount of evidence for two mutually exclusive hypotheses. BF10is the ratio of evidence for Hypothesis 1 (H1, alternative hypothesis) against Hypothesis 0 (H0, null hypothesis), and can vary between 0 to infinity. BF10of 1 means equivalent amount of evidence for the two hypotheses, BF10between 1 to 3 is considered to provide anecdotal evidence (not much to write home about) for H1(and against H0); BF10of 10 or more is considered to provide strong evidence for H1(and against H0). BF10= 1/BF01, so BF10of .1 is equivalent to BF01of 10 (i.e., strong evidence for H0and against H1).
