During the mid and end of the 19th-century society witness a surge in population in a number of the cities throughout Europe and the Americas. However, many of these cities possessed their medieval layouts and designs and it became apparent that cities needed to be redesigned to accommodate this increase in population. This included both redesigning the urban layouts as well as rethinking the type of structures that best suited a more diverse and larger population. Briefly discuss two different cities that underwent extensive urban redesigns during this period and address both some of the large-scale changes they made or wanted to make, i.e. new streets and public institutions, as well as some of the new types of structures that were developed during this period. 3-5 paragraphs