Evaluate the effectiveness of hate crime laws as a method of tackling discrimination and violence directed at minority communities.

To what extent are crime statistics a valuable tool for understanding crime?

B- A 2,000-word essay on a broad theme encompassing several parts of the course. The questions for this part of the coursework is the following;

Evaluate the effectiveness of hate crime laws as a method of tackling discrimination and violence directed at minority communities.

The main textbook for this module is:
T. Newburn, Criminology, Routledge, 2017

This is my main source of information for this module therefore it is required that you use it as the referencing point to answer these questions using it as the main source / textbook as readings from it is set as my primary reading for seminars.All the teaching received in lectures draws on references from this book, which will then allow you in pinpointing opportunities to explore the topics examined in greater depth.