Define a taxable year according to Article 22 and describe how a taxpayer can change the taxable year. Describe the methods of accounting used for taxpayers and determine when taxpayers may change from one method to another.

Governing the deductibility of employer

Describe rules governing the deductibility of employer and employee contributions to authorized retirement funds.

• Discuss the limitations for deducting loss carry forwards.

• Define a taxable year according to Article 22 and describe how a taxpayer can change the taxable year.

• Describe the methods of accounting used for taxpayers and determine when taxpayers may change from one method to another.

• Describe how expenses incurred to alter or improve a non-depreciable asset affect the cost-basis of that asset.