Why did American Civil Rights movement begin?

In this question you need to present evidence outlining the situation that existed in America before the Civil Rights movement began.
• You will need to examine attitudes amongst those in the white establishment and whether change was likely without a concerted campaign.
• You should look to see if there were any key events which took place in the years immediately before to see what triggered the start of protest. Please do not include a copy of the full set of Jim Crow laws!
• You need to support your points using the sources and precise own knowledge
• Finish by writing a conclusion in which you come to, and justify, your answer. What do you think was the main reason for the beginning of the movement?