Using the information obtained from the Reflective Writing resources craft a reflection paper focused on the ethical challenges associated with the industry you plan to have a career in. What industry do you plan to pursue a career in? What are the ethical challenges that you may encounter in this field? How would you approach those issues?

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Ethical Issues in Your Chosen Career

Using the information obtained from the Reflective Writing resources craft a reflection paper focused on the ethical challenges associated with the industry you plan to have a career in. What industry do you plan to pursue a career in? What are the ethical challenges that you may encounter in this field (this may require limited internet research, don’t get too bogged down in it)? How would you approach those issues? Think about where you might draw your line in the sand.

A Reflection Paper is a two-page reflection on the material covered (readings, videos, etc.) in the Module including a section of at least half a page that discusses how this issue applies to work, education, or other parts of your life.

What was the outcome for the organization? What was the outcome for the perpetrators? How do you believe most people would act in a similar circumstance? How would you react and what could you do now to try to protect yourself and avoid getting caught up in something?

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Business Scandal Analysis

Watch a movie about a business scandal (this may require a video subscription) and/then research the scandal. If you are unable to watch a movie/documentary about a scandal then just researching it is fine.

Suggested scandals/movies/documentaries:
Smartest Guys in the Room (ENRON) (Amazon Prime Channels or Rent)
All the Queens Horses (Rita Cranwell, City of Dixon) (YouTube) This is about embezzlement at a City but it is acceptable.
Dirty Money (Netflix Series Covering a variety of scandals) (Netflix) You may use any episode except “The Confidence Man”, ” The Man at the Top” “Slumlord Millionaire” or “Dirty Gold”. The Season One episodes are better suited to this assignment.

At a minimum discuss:
The particulars of the case
The critical ethical issues
What was the outcome for the organization?
What was the outcome for the perpetrators?
How do you believe most people would act in a similar circumstance?
How would you react and what could you do now to try to protect yourself and avoid getting caught up in something?

Demonstrate an informed understanding of the roles and purposes and design of different types of Accounting and Finance research. Evaluate different research approaches, methods and methodologies. Interpret and evaluate published management and Accounting and Finance research and other evidence.

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Critical research analysis

• L1: Demonstrate an informed understanding of the roles and purposes and design of different types of Accounting and Finance research.
• L2: Evaluate different research approaches, methods and methodologies.
• L4: Interpret and evaluate published management and Accounting and Finance research and other evidence.

Task:
Prepare a critical analysis of how research methodology and data analysis is used and applied in the research paper given below.
The focus of the critical analysis should be on:
• The practical application of methods to answer the research questions
• The suitability and quality of method, data analysis, and overall approach taken for that purpose.

The papers to review is, this is available on Blackboard:
Xiao, X., and Shailer, G., 2022. Stakeholders’ perceptions of factors affecting the credibility of sustainability reports. The British Accounting Review, 54

• L1: Demonstrate an informed understanding of the roles and purposes and design of different types of Accounting and Finance research.
• L2: Evaluate different research approaches, methods and methodologies.
• L4: Interpret and evaluate published management and Accounting and Finance research and other evidence.

Task:
Prepare a critical analysis of how research methodology and data analysis is used and applied in the research paper given below.
The focus of the critical analysis should be on:
• The practical application of methods to answer the research questions
• The suitability and quality of method, data analysis, and overall approach taken for that purpose.

The papers to review is, this is available on Blackboard:
Xiao, X., and Shailer, G., 2022. Stakeholders’ perceptions of factors affecting the credibility of sustainability reports. The British Accounting Review, 541

Mark Twain once said, “If you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything.” Explain what you think Twain meant by this statement and how it addresses one’s character

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If you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything

Mark Twain once said, “If you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything.” Explain what you think Twain meant by this statement and how it addresses one’s character

Demonstrate an informed understanding of the roles and purposes and design of different types of Accounting and Finance research. Evaluate different research approaches, methods and methodologies. Interpret and evaluate published management and Accounting and Finance research and other evidence.

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Critical research analysis

• L1: Demonstrate an informed understanding of the roles and purposes and design of different types of Accounting and Finance research.
• L2: Evaluate different research approaches, methods and methodologies.
• L4: Interpret and evaluate published management and Accounting and Finance research and other evidence.

Task:
Prepare a critical analysis of how research methodology and data analysis is used and applied in the research paper given below.
The focus of the critical analysis should be on:
• The practical application of methods to answer the research questions
• The suitability and quality of method, data analysis, and overall approach taken for that purpose.

The papers to review is, this is available on Blackboard:
Xiao, X., and Shailer, G., 2022. Stakeholders’ perceptions of factors affecting the credibility of sustainability reports. The British Accounting Review, 54

• L1: Demonstrate an informed understanding of the roles and purposes and design of different types of Accounting and Finance research.
• L2: Evaluate different research approaches, methods and methodologies.
• L4: Interpret and evaluate published management and Accounting and Finance research and other evidence.

Task:
Prepare a critical analysis of how research methodology and data analysis is used and applied in the research paper given below.
The focus of the critical analysis should be on:
• The practical application of methods to answer the research questions
• The suitability and quality of method, data analysis, and overall approach taken for that purpose.

The papers to review is, this is available on Blackboard:
Xiao, X., and Shailer, G., 2022. Stakeholders’ perceptions of factors affecting the credibility of
sustainability reports. The British Accounting Review, 541

Use word processing software to create a business report to; analyse and interpret financial data and information relating to the business goal, evaluate proposed alternative solutions to achieve the business goal, and decide on a solution and propose recommendations to achieve the business goal.

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Prepare cash budgets and create an accounting business report

Bank Statement Information
The bank statement revealed all receipts to the end of month and all payments up to and including 25 September have been processed. On 30 September, bank fees of $15.90 and $34.00 for interest owing on the bank loan for the three months from July to September 2021 were withdrawn from the account as per the bank statement.

The owner reported the following details and projections for the business.
All amounts include GST where applicable.
● Expenses are paid in the month incurred, unless otherwise stated.
● It is anticipated accounts receivable will settle their accounts 50% in the first month following sale, 30% in the second month and the remainder in the third month.
● Now that the business is more established, anticipated credit sales for October will be $25,000. In each of the following months until January 2021, credit sales are expected to increase by 5% on the previous month’s credit sales. After January 2022, credit sales are expected to stabilise at approximately the January value.
● Cash sales are anticipated to be 30% of credit sales from October onwards.
● Net credit purchases for October are expected to be 25% of total sales and will be the same percentage increase in subsequent months.
● Rent Revenue for the sublet office upstairs is received every month and will be the same amount received for the September month.
● All inventory and asset purchases are made on credit and, from October, will be fully paid in the month following purchase. The outstanding accounts payable balances will be fully paid in October.
● The rent lease agreement has the same monthly rent payable for the financial year.
● It is expected, internet will be paid every two months from September with payments being the same amount as the one already paid.
● Delivery expenses are anticipated to be between 5% to 10% of total sales for the month.
● Porter Cameron withdrew $250 in September and intends to withdraw 10% of cash sales in cash each month from October.
● The balance of the loan is to be paid off in equal monthly instalments over the four months from October to January. Interest of $25 will be payable at the end of January.
● Porter Cameron works in the business and is supported by one part-time retail staff who helps out at busy times. She is paid a rate of $32 p/h (disregard all other payroll expenses). Total hours to be worked by staff are estimated to be between 60 and 70 hours per month, except in December and January when 80 to 90 hours are anticipated.
● Insurance is paid annually.
● Bank charges are expected to be between $15 and $20 each month.
● Advertising has been budgeted for at $880 per quarter from October.
● The BAS statement for GST is now to be settled monthly, based on the previous month’s figures. Any required actual account balances from July to September 2021 should be accessed from the MYOB files and printed reports.

Week 4: Business report (including relevant financial documents) submitted
Week 3: Draft business report submitted
Week 2: Initial cash budget and related financial documents completed
Week 1: MYOB files completed

Checkpoints

Authentication strategies
● You will be provided class time for task completion.
● Your teacher will observe you completing work in class.
● You will produce sections of the final response under supervised conditions.
● You must submit a declaration of authenticity.
● You will each produce a unique business report.
● You will provide documentation of your progress at the checkpoint dates provided.

Scaffolding
To complete this task, you must:

Use the MYOB file provided for July and August to enter the transactions for September. Printouts required include:
● Transaction Journal (all) for September 2021
● Trial Balance for September 2021
● Bank Reconciliation Statement for September 2021
● Statement of Profit or Loss for July-September 2021
● Statement of Financial Position as at 30 September 2021

Use spreadsheet software to generate cash budgets from October 2021 – June 2022, including the input areas, statements of estimated receipts from accounts receivable, and statements of GST payable and receivable relating to the business goal. Printouts required include
● Input area
● Statement of Estimated Receipts from Accounts Receivable
● Statement of GST Payable and Receivable
● Initial Cash Budget
● What-if Cash Budget
● Normal and formula print for all Excel worksheets listed above

● Normal and formula print for all Excel worksheets listed above

Use word processing software to create a business report to
● Analyse and interpret financial data and information relating to the business goal.
● Evaluate proposed alternative solutions to achieve the business goal.
● Decide on a solution and propose recommendations to achieve the business goal.

What did you learn about ABC Company by reviewing the three ratios? What is your conclusion about the solvency and efficiency of the company? How successful is ABC Company relative to the industry average and leaders in the small specialty retail store industry? Write two paragraphs or more for this question. Refer to an actual ratio found in the IBISWorld database to support your conclusion.

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THE BALANCE SHEET SLP 2

Before you start the assignment, test your understanding of concepts covered in the assignment. It is not a graded quiz, but a tool for reviewing some key points. The tool can be used multiple times.

The purpose of this SLP is to apply ratio analysis to assess the financial health of ABC Company. Use the balance sheet presented in the case during this module to compute solvency and efficiency ratios. Compute three ratios based on balance sheet accounts for which you have sufficient information.

Assume that ABC Company is a small specialty retail store.

Ratios are relevant when assessed over time or across companies. IBISWorld is a comprehensive resource containing market research and statistics, which can be used to compare ABC Company to the industry and leaders in the industry.

Below is a brief introduction to financial ratios using IBISWorld and screenshots that provide guidance for accessing IBISWorld via the Trident library.

Required

Part 1

First, choose three ratios from the background materials. ABC is a simple organization (see balance sheet in case), so pick ratios for which sufficient financial data is available. Verify that at least one of the ratios is included in the IBISWorld database.

Identify the name of the ratio, the formula, and show your computations.

Part 2

Next, respond to the following questions.

Comment on the purpose and information conveyed by each ratio.
What did you learn about ABC Company by reviewing the three ratios?
What is your conclusion about the solvency and efficiency of the company?
How successful is ABC Company relative to the industry average and leaders in the small specialty retail store industry? Write two paragraphs or more for this question. Refer to an actual ratio found in the IBISWorld database to support your conclusion.

A suggested approach to the assignment:

Step 1

Watch the brief introduction to financial ratios using IBISWorld as suggested.

Step 2

Access the IBISWorld database in the Trident library. See screenshots on this page for guidance.

Step 3

Choose three ratios from the background materials for which information is available in the ABC Company’s balance sheet. Make sure at least one of the ratios is included in the IBISWorld database.

-A General Example Not Using to ABC Company data.

-EFG is a business with $42,000 of current assets and $40,000 of current liabilities. Therefore, the current ratio is:

-Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities
Current ratio = $42,000 / $40,000
Current ratio = 1.05 (or 1.05 to 1 or 1.05:1)

-EFG’s current ratio of 1.05 may be small or large depending on the industry. For example, which factors should be considered in interpreting the ratio?

Step 4

Use data from the module 2 case balance sheet to compute ratios. Identify each ratio and show the computations.

Step 5

Analyze and interpret.

Step 6

Locate at least one of the industry ratios computed above in the IBISWorld database to make a comparison to the ABC Company.

Address any notable similarities and differences in financial reporting practices of the two acquisition targets (Rivian and Hyliion) that could potentially impact your analysis.

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Financial reporting practices

Address any notable similarities and differences in financial reporting practices of the two acquisition targets (Rivian and Hyliion) that could potentially impact your analysis. For example, perhaps the firms are using the same or different methods of accounting for property, plant, and equipment (PP&E), inventory, intangibles, etc.

Rivian Financial Report:
https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001874178/000187417822000008/rivn-20211231.htm

Hyliion Financial Report:
https://last10k.com/sec-filings/hyln

Select one of the categories in Exhibit 13.16 in your text and discuss all ratios in that category. Explain how each of the ratios within that class is calculated and how they are used to analyze financial statements. Then, select a recently filed set of financial statements and calculate all the ratios in the building block you selected for that company. Explain what these ratios tell you about the company. In this context, a recent set of financial statements would be those issued in the current or previous year.

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Building Block Financial Ratio: Profitability

Write a paper on one of the four building blocks of financial ratios we have studied in this course. Select one of the categories in Exhibit 13.16 in your text and discuss all ratios in that category. Explain how each of the ratios within that class is calculated and how they are used to analyze financial statements. Then, select a recently filed set of financial statements and calculate all the ratios in the building block you selected for that company. Explain what these ratios tell you about the company. In this context, a recent set of financial statements would be those issued in the current or previous year.

Reminder: Your Part 2 paper should be two to three pages in length total and conform to CSU Global Writing Center (Links to an external site.). Include at least 4 scholarly references as needed in addition to the course textbook to support your views. The CSU Global Library (Links to an external site.) is a good place to find these references.

Part 1 of the Portfolio Project will open at the start of the week in which it is scheduled. Both Parts 1 and 2 of the Portfolio Project are due by 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday of the assigned week. Please refer to the CSU Global late policy for Critical Thinking assignments if you have any questions on due dates.

Discuss the empirical designs in (i) Yu and Yuan (2011) and Wang (2018a), and (ii)Wang (2018b) and Wang and Duxbury (2021). Critically review literature, and summarize and evaluate approaches to construct proxies for the investors sentiment.

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Empirical Methods in Accounting and Finance

Individual Assesses coursework brief
The work should not exceed 3,500 words. Excessive assignments will be penalized according to section 9.13 of Regulation 9 Regulation Governing Postgraduate Taught Awards: “Assessed work which exceeds a specified maximum permitted length will be a subject to a penalty deduction of marks equivalent to the percentage of additional words over the limit the limit excludes bibliography, diagrams and tables, footnotes, tables of content and appendices of data.”

Introduction
The mean-variance relationship has long been a focus in finance literature. Traditional finance theories propose a positive mean-variance relationship , or risk-return tradeoff (Merton, 1973), i.e. bearing high (low) risk should be reward by high (low) returns, empirical studies documents at best inconclusive evidence with three mainstreams due to different economic settings and volatility model section. French et al. (1987), Scruggs (1998), Ghysels et al. (2005), Lundblad (2007). Pastor et al. (2008), Brandt and Wang (2010), and Rossi and Timmermann (2015), among others find the risk-return tradeoff despite being significant in some cases. On the other hand, Nelson (1991), Brandt and Kang (2004), Baker et al. (2011), Fiore and Saha (2015), and Booth et al. (2016), among others, documents a negative mean-variance relationship. Turner et al. (1989) Glosten et al. (1993), Sun et al. (2017), Wang et al .(2017), among others, report both positive and negative relationship between risk and returns.

A wide range of theories are proposed to explain the weak risk-return tradeoff, such as investor sentiment (Yu and Yuan, 2011; Wang, 2018a&b; Wang and Duxbury, 2021) and differences in overnight and intraday returns (Wang, 2021).

In line with the above, answer the following requirements:

Required:
1. Discuss the empirical designs in (i) Yu and Yuan (2011) and Wang (2018a), and (ii)Wang (2018b) and Wang and Duxbury (2021) (20 MARKS)

2. Critically review literature, and summarize and evaluate approaches to construct proxies for the investors sentiment. (12 MARKS)

3. Suppose that you decide to extend Wang (2021) to another developed market. Select the market and justify your selection (8 MARKS)

4. For the selected market, show present and interpret descriptive statistics of stocks returns for the whole sample period, along with high- and low-sentiment periods.   (15 MARKS)

5. Use the rolling window method to filter conditional volatility. Present and interpret descriptive statistics of conditional volatility for the whole sample period, along with high- and low-sentiment period.   (20 MARKS)

6. Examine the mean-variance relation for the whole sample period, along with high-and low-sentiment periods interpret.   (25 MARKS)