Do you agree with Greta that we are living in a climate emergency? Why or why not? How do you think Greta defines good stewardship? How do you define good stewardship?

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W7 Assignment 1: Carbon Emissions and Climate Change Paper

Purpose: This assignment will give you practice in background information and fact-checking with a focus on biodiversity and climate threats. Further, since science cannot tell us what to do, we will form our own opinions based on the information we find.

Write a 500-1000 page paper using APA format (Times New Roman, 12 point font, double-spaced and APA citation style.) Be sure to use the Turnitin Self-Check before submitting your assignment. Submit as a Word document into Canvas.

Review the resources on carbon emissions and climate and read the following:

TIME magazine named Greta Thunberg person of the year 2019 in large part due to the speech she gave at the UN Climate Change Conference held in Madrid, Spain on December 2-13, 2019 (commonly referred to as COP25). For many, this came as a surprise and led to internet research to discover more about Greta and her impact on the COP25. Let’s review Greta’s speech, learn more about the conference, and most importantly, check the facts that are mentioned in the speech.

Background Information. Find and cite a credible sourceLinks to an external site. that provides information on the following. Provide a short answer to questions 1-6 and include the source you used for each question in your answer in APA format. For the purposes of this paper, you may use credible sources such as peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals (example: Nature, Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, Journal of Biodiversity Management and Forestry, etc.), but you may also rely on well-established news outlets (i.e. CNN, The Washington Post, The Guardian, etc.)

Who is Greta Thunberg?
What is COP25 and what countries participated?
What is the Paris Agreement and which countries were involved?
What are G20 countries?
What is the IPCC report she references and who are the contributing authors?
What is the current carbon budget? When is it projected to be reached?

Fact Check: For the following statements, include a citation in APA format and indicate if the source corroborates or refutes the statement.

If the carbon budget is exceeded, the global temperature will rise 1.5 degrees Celsius.
People will die as a result of an increase in global temperature.
100 companies are responsible for 71% of global emissions.

Opinion: Using the information you gleaned during the review of the provided resources, your background and fact investigation, respond to the following and support your position.

Do you agree with Greta that we are living in a climate emergency? Why or why not?
How do you think Greta defines good stewardship? How do you define good stewardship?
Why do you suppose it is so difficult for more economically developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
What can an average person do to contribute to carbon budget success?

Summarize a big idea or insight that you took away from the lecture. Investigate and describe possible clinical applications of what was discussed in the lecture.

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B-HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYS-M1-42491

Description Oct 4, 2022 at 6:10 PM Purpose and Learning Goals
• Purpose: to help create a sense of community within the class (which correlates with student success in online courses). • Learning Goals: to catalog information, and to independently apply your understanding of different physiological processes to real-world scenarios.

One Post due Thursday at 11:59pm
Your post should be between 100-300 words. Your initial post should be thoughtful and help spark discussion -do not just copy typed notes! Here are some ideas of what you can write about…
• Check out the list of questions in =urther Questions for Investigatio[ , and address one of the questions related to the lecture! When addressing these questions, use terminology from the lecture. By the way, you won’t ever be tested on the questions on this list; these additional questions are only meant to spark curiosity and discussion in this forum :)

• Bring up a question, confusion, or issue related to course material you want input on. • What resonated with you from the lecture. Why?

• Summarize a big idea or insight that you took away from the lecture.

• Investigate and describe possible clinical applications of what was discussed in the lecture.

• Link or attach a specific resource (video, article, image, etc.) that explains a related topic in extra depth and explain why it could be useful.

• Is there something you were hoping to learn about in this lecture that didn’t get talked about? If so, what?

Explain the purpose of the research project. State the formulated hypotheses /rationale and predictions being tested when appropriate for the research project.

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Research Project Report Guidelines

WRITING A LABORATORY REPORT (.doc/docx or .pdf format only)

PARTS OF THE LAB REPORT

Follow the lab project report guidelines but remember this guideline is not comprehensive- be attentive of the guidelines explained by TAs (for modifications/alterations)

To write a lab report, referencing the laboratory manual/ Biology textbook is only a beginning. Seek out original sources, primary literature (peer‐reviewed journal articles). Limit textbook citations, as the information is less reliable than primary literature. Use the library/e-library resources to find more detailed information on the topic.

The completed laboratory report is to include the following sections as described:

TITLE PAGE

  • Informative report title (it should describe lab content concisely, adequately & appropriately)
  • Your full name: Cyriniti Craig
  • Your email address (UNT email): CyrinitiCraig@my.unt.edu
  • Course and section numbers (BIOL1760/61.xxx): BIOL1760.504
  • Date report submitted: October 27,2022
  • Laboratory instructor name (TA name): John Evers

ABSTRACT

  • Concise summary in one paragraph (200-400 words) that summarizes your report as follows:
  • The scientific context of your experiment (what are you testing & why?)
  • What you did
  • How you did it (generally – NO specifics; do not write the method here)
  • What you found (state your results qualitatively, not quantitatively)
  • What it means- 1-2 sentence discussion and conclusion

INTRODUCTION

  • Background information so that a reader will understand the purpose of your experiment
  • Explain the purpose of the research project.
  • State the formulated hypotheses /rationale and predictions being tested when appropriate for the research project.
  • Generally, 2 paragraphs long, 1st paragraph going over major concepts and key terms. While the second paragraph addresses the experiment, questions it is trying to answer, and predicted outcomes.
  • Talk about the experiment; what are the procedures, what were the controls, independent and dependent variables, what analysis or comparison do you plan on doing to your results etc.
  • Give a brief description of treatments used and what was measur
  • Generally, this part of the lab report will have the most references/citations- cite experiments from journals & relate to your experiment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

  • Describe the procedure in your own words (so that the procedure could be replicated)
    • Make sure to report any changes from the lab protocol!!!
  • Methods and materials should be written separately and concisely.
  • Details like concentrations (mM, g/L, etc.), temperatures, and sample size should be mentioned.
  • Tables can be used to show your different treatment groups (i.e. how you set them up)
  • No references/citations usually noted in this section

RESULTS

  • Open with a statement of the overall findings from the experiment
  • Describe your results (point out trends or important features) and explicitly reference figures/images
  • Insert tables/figures/graphs/images to describe your results (see below for details)
  • Mention in the results, what were the numbers, the calculated data, tables, graphs, charts, any other visuals such as pictures of specimens, gels where applicable, etc.

FIGURES/TABLES/DIAGRAMS– Summarize your data into graphs and tables (in the results section) with headings, labels and legends.

In Cell respiration Project-

  • Graph: Figure 1 to Figure X
    • Include Figure legends (text below the Figure) so that it is not necessary to refer back to the report to understand the F Include information about methods (temperature, concentration), how the data are expressed, sample size, and any abbreviations
    • Label the axes and define all treatments (including units if appropriate)
    • Make sure to include a title!
    • Make sure the graphs are easy to read and sized appropriately
  • Pay attention to formatting. For example, the title of a graph should not be on a separate page from the graph itself.
  • Table: Table 1 to Table X
    • Use columns for categories of information (i. size, shape, etc.)
    • Use rows for the different entries (e. species of bacteria)
    • Include Table captions (text above the Table) so that it is not necessary to refer back to the report to understand the A caption presents a succinct statement of the contents of the table.
  • In Molecular Biology Project- Images with proper labels
  • In Taxonomy/Dissection Project- Images with proper labels
  • No references/citations usually noted in this section.
  1. DISCUSSION
  • Open with a statement that either supports/rejects hypothesis or rationale
  • Back up that statement by referring to findings from the experiment (briefly, do not re-state the same data from the results section & do not refer to figures/tables)
  • Generally, the number of paragraphs reflects the amount of data.
  • Interpret your results (data/image) and relate to your initial rationale or hypothesis at the beginning of the experiment
  • Discuss any expected/unexpected findings regarding the hypothesis/rationale you made in the INTRODUCTION section
  • Address any issues that you encountered during the experiment (like problems/errors)
    • Explain why they might have occurred
    • Explain what you could do to fix the problem/error
  • Critique the experimental design used
    • Does it adequately address the hypotheses/rationale being tested?
    • Were there faulty assumptions in the design that make interpretation of the data difficult?
    • What new questions are prompted by the results?
  • Describe technical factors that you believe might help the reader interpret your data
  • If there are no data (tables/graphs) interpret/discuss problems related to the hypothesis.
  • In Molecular Biology Project- discuss the relevance of the data/result of the DNA extraction and Gel electrophoresis
  • In Taxonomy/Dissection Project compare and contrast the systems between the dissection specimens.
  • What do your results mean? Make a claim if you can “this evidence supports the idea that….” But do not say “proves”.
  • Can have references/citations to help back your claim
  1. CONCLUSION

 

How would you justify your decision to participate or not in the study to your family and friends? Now imagine you’re 65 years old (but in good health)—does this alter your thinking? Explain how and why.

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Answer the following in essay form.

Would you volunteer as a test subject in research on a vaccine or drug that could potentially save millions of lives?
The researchers assure you that you will be well cared for and will experience no long-term threats to your health (at least as far as they know from studies in mice).
Consistent with testing protocols, however, you won’t know if you are part of the control or the experimental (AKA, test or treatment) group.
What specific disease or condition would you consider being worth the potential risk to your health for you to participate?
Or is there no disease/condition that would make you willing to participate? Explain.
How would you justify your decision to participate or not in the study to your family and friends?
Now imagine you’re 65 years old (but in good health)—does this alter your thinking? Explain how and why.
If it doesn’t alter your thinking, is there an age where it would?

Identify the five basic resources needed. Identify whether they are renewable or nonrenewable. Do you favor a sustainable or non-sustainable society and why?

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D16b

Humans require specific resources to exist:

a) Identify the five basic resources needed;

b) identify whether they are renewable or nonrenewable.

Do you favor a sustainable or non-sustainable society and why?

Identify whether each is a gas or sedimentary cycle. What significant impacts does each have on human society.

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D15b

Ecosystems are maintained by cycling nutrients through biogeochemical cycles; some are gas and others are sedimentary. Consider the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles;

a) identify whether each is a gas or sedimentary cycle;

b) what significant impacts does each have on human society.

Find 2 more research articles about this classmate discussion post and elaborate more on catalytic mechanisms of enzymes and their functions for an organism.(

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Catalytic mechanisms of enzymes

Important: Make sure this is 300 or less words.Find 2 more research articles about this classmate discussion post and elaborate more on catalytic mechanisms of enzymes and their functions for an organism.( find new articles and do not copy anything from this post)

Discussion post:
During this week’s lecture and reading, I become very intrigued by the catalytic mechanisms of enzymes and their functions for an organism. In my own research, I found one type of enzyme that has a very interesting and significant catalytic function in DNA transcription. This enzyme is known as Topoisomerase 3β. Topoisomerase 3β (Top3β) is the only topoisomerase that has RNA topoisomerase activity, binds mRNA translation components and interacts with an RNA-binding protein. It has been shown that Top3β gene deletion has been linked to schizophrenia. Through a new study done, it was shown that Top3β is a major component for mRNA activity, and requires both RNA binding and catalytic activity to prevent mental dysfunction (Ahmad et al, 2017). This is a very interesting finding, and can prove to be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders such autism and schizophrenia.

References: Ahmad M, Shen W, Li W, Xue Y, Zou S, Xu D, Wang W. Topoisomerase 3β is the major topoisomerase for mRNAs and linked to neurodevelopment and mental dysfunction. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Mar 17;45(5):2704-2713. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1293. PMID: 28039324; PMCID: PMC5389537.

What is the source of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain? And where do the electrons end up once they pass through the chain? Molecules called uncouplers (such as dinitrophenol) poke holes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. What effect would this have on aerobic respiration?

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ASSIGNMENT 2

In the text box, number your answers and use standard font size (12 or 14 pt). You do not need to re-write the questions. Point values shown in parentheses. Please check your grammar and spelling.

Unit 2 Assignment Questions:
1. (2) What is the source of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain? And where do the electrons end up once they pass through the chain?

2. (2) Molecules called uncouplers (such as dinitrophenol) poke holes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. What effect would this have on aerobic respiration?

3. (2) Define “exogenous” and “endogenous” electron acceptors.

4. (4) The conversion of pyruvate to lactate in lactic acid fermentation and the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation does not produce ATP – and in fact, both ethanol and lactate are waste products. So why do cells run fermentation reactions?

5. (2) Why are plants green?

6. (2) What is the source of the electrons in the electron transport chain in the chloroplast? And where do the electrons end up once they pass through the chain?

7. (4) In hot and dry climates, plants face extra challenges… when their stomata are open, plants can do the gas exchange they need for photosynthesis, but they also lose water. However, closing stomata to prevent water loss causes the internal levels of CO2 to fall… and this presents a problem because when plants run out of CO2, the enzyme RuBisCO will bind oxygen instead in a process called photorespiration. Define photorespiration and explain the two main strategies plants use to prevent it (they are called C4 plants and CAM plants).

8. (2) Some birth defects and some cancers are the result of aneuploidy. What is aneuploidy and how does it relate to the cell cycle? Use your own language and cite your reference.

How does the color compare between tubes 1 and 2? Why? Do DNA and RNA react alike? Why or why not? What are the functions of nucleic acids in living organisms?

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Nucleic Acids: Dische diphenylamine test.

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids made of nucleotide subunits. DNA can be identified chemically with the Dische diphenyl-amine test. Acidic conditions convert deoxyribose to a molecule that binds with diphenylamine to form a blue complex. The intensity of the blue color is proportional to the concentration of DNA. See results below. Several solutions and their test results for the Dische diphenylamine test are presented in the table:

  • How does the color compare between tubes 1 and 2? Why?
  • Do DNA and RNA react alike? Why or why not?
  • What are the functions of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Which of the food products tested contain large amounts of lipid? What are the functions of lipids in living organisms?

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Lipids: Grease spot test.

A simpler test for lipids is based on their ability to produce translucent grease marks on un glazed paper. See results below.

Several foods & their test results for the Grease-spot test are presented in the table below:

  • Which of the food products tested contain large amounts of lipid?
  • What are the functions of lipids in living organisms?