Explain how do fungi defend themselves or compete against other fungi, bacteria and other organisms?

/in /by

Defense mechanism of Fungi

Explain how do fungi defend themselves or compete against other fungi, bacteria and other organisms?

 

Introduce the function of the Lac operon regulatory network. Describe the experimental methods used by Phillips et al. to obtain the data in Figure 2 Discuss the deterministic model used by Phillips et al.

/in /by

Diversity in Lac operon regulation among Escherichia coli isolates

Directions

Main source for this paper should be from the The Sources mentioned below

  1. Phillips et al. and 2. Setty el al. The content and goal listed below must be addressed.

Writing doesn’t have to follow traditional essay writing style need to be Content Focused

Background reading if need on lac operon regulation (optional)

Book in pdf (easier to read if downloaded):

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQXP0GB49P2csr5KVCKz-xK7F63UmQRW/view?usp=sharing

 Table of contents/index to find topics faster

Do control and F for find feature to search topics

 Outside reading/ sources not necessary.

Essay must not focus on the writing style but must focus on Content.

 

Paper Topic: Diversity in Lac operon regulation among Escherichia coli isolates

Essay : Diversity in Lac operon regulation among Escherichia coli isolates.

Google unfamiliar terms to gain understanding of the paper

 

Title: Diversity in Lac operon regulation among Escherichia coli isolates.

Sources:

  1.     Phillips KN, Widmann S, Lai H-Y, Nguyen J, Ray JCJ, Balázsi G, Cooper TF. 2019. Diversity in lac operon regulation among diverse Escherichia coli isolates depends on the broader genetic background but is not explained by genetic relatedness. mBio10:e02232-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02232-19.
  2.     Setty et al. Detailed map of a cis regulatory function. PNAS 2003.

 

Goal: Describe the concepts leading to the surface plots shown in Figure 2 and supplemental Fig S2.

Contents MUST include these points below:

  1. Introduce the function of the Lac operon regulatory network.
  2. Describe the experimental methods used by Phillips et al. to obtain the data in Figure 2
  3. Discuss the deterministic model used by Phillips et al. (supplemental Text1)

Discuss your chosen organism to tell us what type of microbes it is, what helpful beneficial actions it performs and which subfields of microbiology it is involved in.

/in /by

Bifidobacterium infantis

Discuss your chosen organism to tell us what type of microbes it is, what helpful beneficial actions it performs and which subfields of microbiology it is involved in. Must discuss only helpful, beneficial, positive aspects of Bifidobacterium infants. Paraphasing from only credible academic sources. no direct quotes.

Describe the differences between simple and complex carbohydrates. Give some examples of the types of foods each are found in and how they are used by the body.

/in /by

Carbohydrates & Sugar

q1. Describe the differences between simple and complex carbohydrates. Give some examples of the types of foods each are found in and how they are used by the body.
Many health professionals and others have indicated that a low-carb diet may benefit the general population. Do you agree or disagree, and why?

q2. In Dr. Lustig’s Ted Talk, Sugar – The Elephant in the Kitchen, he states that a calorie is not a calorie. What does he mean? Can you give examples?
Dr. Lustig also has argued that sugar is not just empty calories, but that sugar is toxic and is found in virtually everything. He also suggests that type 2 diabetes might as well be named processed food disease. Why is that?

What are the Media used and conditions followed for bacterial culturing? Explain in detail how you identify a specific microorganism, the stain characteristics, and additional chemical tests to use for Microorganism identification.

/in /by

Microbiology

Microbiology Course Assignment: Total… /20 Answer the following questions: (I- he specimen handling department has received two patients’ samples: – First, a urine sample provided with a lab requisition for a C/S (for one patient). – Second, a throat Swab received for another patient, provided with a lab requestion for Streptococcus group (A) testing (Serological testing) and culturing.

You are the MLA working on the bench, explain the details for the two protocols (SOPS) required to perform your tests at your Microbiology Department. V-What are the Media used and conditions followed for bacterial culturing? Explain in detail how you identify a specific microorganism, the stain characteristics, and additional chemical tests to use for Microorganism identification.

2- Give an example for one pathogenic fungus, method to use for identification (type of media) and disease emerged.

3- Give an example for a common virus that might lead to a disease /development and outbreak (Example COVID-19 Pandemic). Write down the main outlines that differentiate between a virus structure in comparison to the bacterial structure.

 

What happens to the letter “e” as you go from 4x to 10x to 40 x? In which magnification can you see the most of the letter “e”? What magnification is the best for drawing most of the spider? DRAW what you see at this magnification .

/in /by

Virtual Microscope Lab

Objectives:

  • Identify the following microscope parts:
  • Coarse adjustment knob
  • Fine adjustment knob
  • Stage
  • Ocular lens
  • Objective lens
  • Label cells that are under a microscope

Part 1. Parts of the Compound Microscope

Ocular lens  – Lens through which you view the magnified specimen. Pointer may appear as a wedge or as a curved line. Micrometer looks like a small ruler.

Objective lens – Lens on the revolving nosepiece that accomplishes the initial magnification of the specimen.

Stage – Flat work surface upon which the slide is placed. Most microscopes have a mechanical stage which is used for precise movement of a slide via control knobs that move the stage.

Coarse adjustment knob – Gives gross movement for initial focus.

Fine adjustment knob – Gives refined movement for finishing focus.

Magnification

The compound microscope combines the magnifying power of the ocular lens with the magnifying power of the objective lens. The magnifying power of each lens is marked on its tubular housing. To obtain the magnification of the microscope, multiply the magnification of the ocular lens times the magnification of the objective lens. For example, if your ocular lens magnification is 10 power, and the lowest power objective is 4 power, then the total magnification is 10 X 4 = 40x.

Go to the Virtual Microscope Website:

https://www.ncbionetwork.org/iet/microscope/

Answer the following questions –and make the drawings.

Make the drawings on a separate page and turn in a screenshot or photo of the drawings.

2Microscope Lab

FIRST CLICK ON “LEARN.”

Click on 5 parts of the microscope. List those parts here and describe (briefly!) what they do.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

THEN CLICK ON “EXPLORE.”

When looking at these cells under the “microscope” you will need to use the coarse focus (to locate specimens), fine focus (for getting slightly better focus / detail), and the light adjustment. Also, you can only increase 1 magnification at a time –so you can go from 4x to 10x, but not from 4x to 100x.

Click on the ? and choose the slide that says “Letter E.” Use the coarse focus to get the letter “e” into focus. Then use the fine focus to get it even more in focus.

Questions

  1. What happens to the letter “e” as you go from 4x to 10x to 40 x?
  2. In which magnification can you see the most of the letter “e”?

Click on the plant slides and choose the “plant cells.”

Questions

  1. What structures are visible in this slide?
  2. DRAW 2 or 3 of these cells .

Click on the bacteria slides and choose the gram stain slide. Bacteria are gram stained to differentiate between gram +  and gram – .

Look at the bacteria under 40x or 100 x (although here you will need to click on the immersion oil and add that to the slide.

  1. What type of bacteria do you see ?

3Click on the animal slides and choose the “spider.”

  1. What magnification is the best for drawing most of the spider?
  2. DRAW what you see at this magnification .

Click on the human slides and choose the “blood.” Most of the cells in the view are red blood cells  but there are a few larger white blood cells.

  1. DRAW at 40x

Click on plant cells and then “onion root.”

  1. If you view the cells at 40x, how many cells (roughly what %) are in one of the phases of mitosis?

Find cells that are in anaphase.

  1. DRAW this one cell. Include the plant plasma membrane (and cell wall).

Find cells that are in prophase.

  1. DRAW this one cell. Include the plant plasma membrane (and cell wall).

General Questions

  1. Name all the organelles that were visible in the cells you viewed today.
  2. What are some organelles that were NOT visible in these cells?
  3. What is the benefit of looking at things under the microscope?

 

Describe the similarities and differences between glycogen and starch. Why is it impossible for humans to digest food that contains cellulose? Explain at least three functions that lipids serve in plants and/or animals.

/in /by

Answer all questions

  1. Describe the similarities and differences between glycogen and starch.
  2. Why is it impossible for humans to digest food that contains cellulose?
  3. Explain at least three functions that lipids serve in plants and/or animals.
  4. Why have trans fats been banned from some restaurants? How are they created?
  5. Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain. Provide a specific example.
  6. Describe the differences in the four protein structures.
  7. What are the structural differences between RNA and DNA?
  8. What are the four typchoes of RNA and how do they function?

 

What is it about amino acids that give proteins the ability to be such talented molecules and allow them to form macromolecules as diverse as antibodies, enzymes and muscle fibers?

/in /by

Biomolecules Homework Part 2:

There are four categories of biomolecules that can be described as macromolecular building blocks of life: Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.

Question #1

Make a chart that summarizes the following: What are the Monomers and Polymers associated with each category. For each category, include in the chart primary biological functions and chemical characteristic (e.g. hydrophilic or hydrophobic).

Question #2

What is the difference between a hydrocarbon and a carbohydrate?

Question #3

Often food products will include oils described as “Hydrogenated Unsaturated.” What is the problem with that?

Question #4

What is it about amino acids that give proteins the ability to be such talented molecules and allow them to form macromolecules as diverse as antibodies, enzymes and muscle fibers?

Answer each question

Question #5

Both RNA and DNA are built from Nucleic Acids. Make a Venn diagram to summarize the similarities and differencchoes in form and function.

 

In what sense do we object to the distinction between ‘higher (advanced) animals’ and ‘lower (primitive) animals’? How does the concept of the “ladder-of-life” or scala naturae fail?

/in /by

The concept of the “ladder of life” or Scalia natural fail

Some of your paper can concisely narrate the two ancestors’ tales. However, you should also explain what it means to you. In what sense do we object to the distinction between ‘higher (advanced) animals’ and ‘lower (primitive) animals’? How does the concept of the “ladder-of-life” or scala naturae fail?

After reading the article referenced above list two positive things that could come from brain to brain interfaces and two potentials problems that could arise from such technology.

/in /by

Brain to brain interfaces

http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/11/05/uw-study-shows-direct-brain-interface-between-humans/

INSTRUCTIONS

After reading the article referenced above list two positive things that could come from brain to brain interfaces and two potentials problems that could arise from such technology.