PROMPT: Described the skills and personal qualities you would bring to a clinical laboratory. Tell us about your career goals after completion of this program
Overview
The large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules are called biomolecules (biological macromolecules). There are four major classes of biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which are an important component of the cell. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s mass. Foods you consume help to produce these 4 biomolecules needed for a healthy life. Carbohydrates can be found in almost all food sources and are an essential part of our diet. Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are united by a common feature: they are hydrophobic. Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Nucleic acids are key macromolecules in the continuity of life as they carry instructions for the functioning of the cell via DNA.
Instructions
Carbohydrates
1a. Summarize the role and function of carbohydrates in the body.
1b. List a carbohydrate food example.
1c. Identify the differences in simple and complex carbohydrates.
1d. What are negative side effects to your body when too few carbohydrates are consumed?
1e. What are negative side effects to your body when too many carbohydrates are consumed?
1f. What is Galactosemia and discuss causes and symptoms.
1g. Discuss the role of fiber as a carbohydrate and how it effects the body.
Lipids
2a. Summarize the role and function of lipids in the body.
2b. List a lipid food example.
2c. What are the three main types of lipids?
2d. What are the three types of fatty acids?
2e. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and provide examples of each?
2f. Are Sterols lipids or fats?
2g. What are phospholipids and what is their function in cells?
Proteins
3a. Summarize the role and function of proteins in the body.
3b. List a protein food example.
3c. What is the basic unit of proteins?
3d. What are negative side effects to your body when too little protein is consumed?
3e. What are negative side effects to your body when too much protein is consumed?
3f. How do proteins provide structural support for cells?
3g. How are proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease?
Nucleic acids
4a. What are the monomers used to construct nucleic acids called?
4b. What are nucleotides constructed of?
4c. ATP is a very common nucleotide. Why is the bond between the second and third phosphates in ATP so important?
4d. RNA is a nucleic acid. What is the major role of RNA?
4e. DNA is a nucleic acid. What is the major role of DNA?
4f. What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
4g. What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
4h. Why are RNA polymers much shorter than DNA strands?
The environment is a source of microbial contamination. You will choose one environmental sample and proceed to do a diagnosis of microbes based on what you have learnt in all the lab sessions and submit a reflective report where you will identify the unknown.
Assignment 1 (30 marks)
Note: Many researchers and sexual health educators feel the response cycle is incomplete. As part of your response, include your thoughts regarding whether the response cycle accurately represents what happens to the human system during sexual activity. Also, comment on the reasons why many researchers and educators feel it is incomplete. (15 marks)
1.0 MEDIA CRITIQUE GUIDELINES
Each week you will be required to submit a media “round up.” You will be responsible for finding and thinking about one item relevant to human biology.
This may be a news item on a recent medical study, a podcast on human evolution, or even a movie or TV show. Each of the Media Critiques you write is expected to demonstrate critical thinking: you should aim to draw on knowledge you have gained throughout your Human Biology major to more carefully reflect on contemporary issues from the world around you.
Structure your Media Critiques by answering the following questions:
• Article Title, Author, Publication, Date, Site, Link, etc.
• What was interesting about this piece? Why did you choose it?
• How did the piece relate to your own knowledge and/or your course work?
• Was the piece flawed or biased in any way?
• Were biological and social phenomena integrated into the piece?
• Did the piece change your thinking in any way?
You will submit one-page typed (single-spaced) critiques using 12 point font. Media Critiques will be graded in a low stakes manner (i.e., you will receive credit for completing them, but the content will not be graded).
Note that a Writing Fellow from the Hunter College Rockowitz Writing Center is affiliated with this course.
The Fellow can meet with you to discuss your Media Critique writing. Instructions for scheduling meetings with the Writing Center Fellow will follow.
1.1 Media Critique Grading Rubric
Media Critiques will be graded as “Complete” when they satisfy all of the following:
• Is appropriate in length (one-paged typed, single spaced)
• Clearly states the media being critiqued
• Is written in standard, grammatical English with few typos (preferably none)
• Includes some element of critical commentary
(1) Introducing the theoretical background of the topic (for example Genomics: structure and regulation of the genome)
(2) Explaining the technologies and bioinformatic tools used for study and analysis (for example Genomics: you have studied NGS as a tool to study DNA alterations, and BLAST to do pairwise sequence analysis). You also had the opportunity to practice the use of these bioinformatics tools after each lecture.
(3) Applications in human disease: For example, you studied how genomics was used to discover, and analyse BRCA1 gene expression in breast and ovarian cancer.
Based on the above your research topic should be structured as follows:
(1) You will use a maximum of 5 publications, related to the topic you selected, to prepare your research topic. These publications should be recent ones (for example from the last 5 years). You can also use an older paper only if it presents a seminal discovery in the field, for example the Human Genome sequencing paper that is part of your core reading, published in Nature in 2001.
(2) The maximum number of words used is 1000 as an absolute minimum. You can write up to 1200 as a maximum number of words. Don’t count title, subtitles, and references.
(3) Youshouldincludethefollowingsubtitles:
As the articel mentioned, Vismodegib (Erivedge) is a drug that is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor and is being used to treat adults with metastatic basal cell carcinoma (Riaz, Ke, Wang, & Kayan, 2019). In basal cell carcinoma, tumors contain mutations that are either inactivate Patched which allows for the hedgehog pathway to be turned on, or active SMO which turns on the hedgehog pathway inappropriately. This drug blocks the activation of the hedgehog pathway by binding to SMO (Wilkes, 2012). Besides cancer, what other diseases does the hedgehog pathway contribute to?
Instructions for writing your summary report on a book, movie, or documentary about substance abuse.
❖ 2-3 pages in single-space format
❖ 12-point font (Arial, Calibri, or Courier New)
❖ Standard margins (~1 inch space)
Topics you can discuss:
• Brief review of plot
• What was the drug(s)/substance(s) abused?
• What were circumstances that led to drug use/addiction?
• What physical and mental impacts on the protagonist became evident as the story progressed.
• How was the drug problem resolved? Intervention, rehabilitation, death?
• Why did you select this film/book/documentary?
• What are your personal thoughts about the particular drug(s) after you have now seen the movie/book?
• Any other details you would like to discuss.
a) The microorganism and its characteristics
a. scientific name of the organism (genus and species)
b. Gram reaction, shape if applicable
c. Any specific feature, such as spore-forming, strict anaerobic, extreme motility, very fastidious, intracellular bacteria, opportunistic pathogen?
b) Known virulence factors of this pathogen
a. toxins? What kind? If exotoxins are made, what do they do?
b. Spreading Enzymes? What do they do?
c. Mechanisms to evade host defense?
c) Describe the disease caused by this pathogen
a. What are the major clinical symptoms?
b. Describe the progression of disease.
c. Are there different forms of the disease? ( such as cutaneous vs intestinal, infant vs adult forms, etc)
d. Mortality rate if any
d) Transmission and epidemiology
a. how is this pathogen transmitted to hosts;
b. What is its reservoir?
c. What kind of people are at risk for this disease?
d. Is it a rare disease? What is the occurrence of this disease in the US if this is a reportable disease?
e) Disease diagnosis
a. What specimen is usually collected from patients?
b. Explain what the test is all about. Bacterial ID culture? Blood test for what? Skin test for what?
f) How is this disease treated or how are the symptoms managed?
a. What kind of drugs are used?
b. Treatments other than drugs?
g) Disease Prevention
a. any vaccine? Any antitoxin used?
b. Any preventive methods? ( such as insect repellent, handwashing, etc
We want to give you space to reflect on all that was discussed amongst your groups. Recall that you were in groups of peers who read the same article as you (expert groups) and in a separate group of peers who read a paper different from the one that you were assigned (jigsaw groups). Take a few moments to think back to the ideas your classmates shared about the following:
-The most interesting or surprising thing about their assigned article.
-The main findings of their article.
-Reasons for why the article is important and could inform other practices.
Writing Prompt
Write a 250+ word reflection and be sure to address the following points:
What most stood out to you from our class meeting?
To what extent did our class activity support your learning about implicit bias and how it plays a role a STEM and healthcare?
Thinking back to your expert and jigsaw groups, what about your group dynamics worked for you? Is there something that might further encourage you to share more with your peers in your groups?
Note that Jeff and Harmony are the only ones who read these reflections
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