What is the fundamental question, problem, or technological innovation addressed in this study? Explain (in your own words) the take-home message for the data presented in your assigned figure.

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Biology Question

1 What is the fundamental question, problem, or technological innovation addressed in this study?
2. Explain (in your own words) the take-home message for the data presented in your assigned figure.
3. List at least one goal or hypothesis explicitly stated and tested in the paper.
4. What are the significant conclusions and future directions of this work?

Describe the basic experiments and results detailed in the paper (ex. Effects of drug X were tested on four different breast cancer cell lines (names). Discuss the overall conclusions of the paper.

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Writing Assignment #2: Review of current cancer research

You are basically writing a summary/review of a recent (last 12 months) cancer research article. You cannot use a review article as your primary source…but should include at least one review article for an additional reference. Your research should be based on peer-reviewed journals found on Pub-Med or a comparable database (ex. JSTOR, Google Scholar, etc.).

You must use a research experimental article for your primary source, NOT a review paper. To differentiate the two, a research experimental paper has to discuss METHODS + RESULTS, while a review paper is basically a SUMMARY of recent studies/knowledge about a particular topic. Just to clarify that MLA in-text citation is required throughout the essay for any sentence with out-of-class material because you are required to use TWO articles minimum in this paper – one primary research article (which your essay will be based on) and one review article as an additional reference. Thus, consistent citations throughout the paper will be necessary to separate out your thoughts and class content from your primary research article and your review article. It can be on any topic that addresses any of the hallmarks of cancers like p53, RB or Bcl-2 except for Her2 hallmark. The paper should be written so that someone with some background in cancer biology should be able to understand. Below is what you need to include for this assignment.

1. Introduction: What is the topic being studied and the basic question/hypothesis being explored in the paper (ex: Development of a new CAR-T therapeutic). Be sure to include some brief background (should find plenty in the introduction). Do not plagiarize (this includes direct quotations and near wording paraphrases) the material or attempt to basically rewrite the entire intro…just a couple of important details to help the reader.

2. Describe the basic experiments and results detailed in the paper (ex. Effects of drug X were tested on four different breast cancer cell lines (names). Induction of apoptosis was determined by using an Annexin V assay. The results demonstrated…….).

3. Discuss the overall conclusions of the paper.

4. Your discussion/critique of the studies and suggestions for further studies

5. References Overall length: 1300 words

What is the main goal of the paper? List four strengths of this paper. List four weaknesses of this paper. Give four keywords that describe the evolutionary significant aspects of this paper.

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Biology – Evolution.

  • https://www.proficientwriters.com/download/5bfad0ab-5a41-4da0-82b2-ab4822479c52

Based on the article uploaded, please answer the following questions. Short answers, 1-2 sentences. For the last one, just keywords.
1. What is the main goal of the paper?
2. List four strengths of this paper.
3. List four weaknesses of this paper.
4. Give four keywords that describe the evolutionary significant aspects of this paper.

In your posting, reflect on what you have learned from this video, what are your thoughts, hopes, and concerns about the use of genetic information? Provide sources for any additional information.

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Discussion Board #2: Discuss The Human Genome Project

Instructions

Genome is a fancy word for all your DNA. From potatoes to puppies, all living organisms have their own genome. Each genome contains the information needed to build and maintain that organism throughout its life. For a quick introduction of the genome please, watch this short video:

The Human Genome Project was a long-term project sequencing the whole human genome. Advances in DNA sequencing technology vastly accelerated the process, and the knowledge gained brought many opportunities but also concerns. Please watch the following video for the lessons learned from the Human Genome Project:

Feel free to explore additional information on the National Human Genome Research Institute’s website (especially the section titled Impact on society)

In your posting, reflect on what you have learned from this video, what are your thoughts, hopes, and concerns about the use of genetic information? Provide sources for any additional information.

Comment on two other students’ postings, in a thoughtful and respectful way. Your comment should add to the posting or provide meaningful feedback.

Note that you have to post to be able to see others’ postings.

Which innate and/or adaptive defenses protect us from infection by this bacterium? Does this pathogen induce a specific type of immune response (example: delayed-type hypersensitivity)? If so, which one(s)?

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Microorganism Profile

Introduction
This project requires the ability to understand and apply scientific knowledge that you acquire both inside and outside the microbiology classroom. You will construct a comprehensive profile of a microorganism that you are assigned by the instructor. This microorganism is a pathogen that you may encounter in your nursing career. All written answers are expected to meet accepted standards for grammar, syntax, and punctuation and follow APA format. Proper microbiology terminology is also expected. The completed APA paper is to be submitted electronically via the Assignment Drop Box in Canvas. Total APA paper should be between 5 to 7 pages including a title and reference page.

The Big Picture
As you progress through this course, you will acquire information in a sequential, topic-specific manner. Each topic will include information that is relevant to this assignment. For example, the knowledge you gain from the lesson on bacterial cell morphology will be applied to the first paragraph topic, Cell Morphology and Growth Requirements. Your answers are expected to include information from sources that go beyond the textbook or classroom. Examples include peer-reviewed journal articles, interviews with clinicians who deal with microbes on a daily basis, personal experiences, and other reputable sources. You are expected to clearly understand the meaning of each topic before you construct your answer. For example, you are expected to know the meaning of “epidemiology” and to understand the topics that are connected to it. Don’t forget to read and understand the rubric before you start. Refer to it often – it will help guide you through the process.

Name of Microorganism: ________________________________________________________

1. Description of the Microorganism (week 1)
Write a paragraph describing your organism. Please be sure to include the type of organism (bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoa, helminth, etc), morphology (shape, arrangement , colony morphology if applicable), description of structure (gram result, type of nucleic acid or virion structure, spore type, etc if applicable) and also the type of microscope and/or stain you would use to view the organism. Please use proper scientific terminology and good grammar and sentence structure throughout this project.

2. Virulence Factors
Include a paragraph on the virulence factors the pathogen has and how they affect the host. Please enhance this with detailed explanations of the virulence factors and how they affect the host as you gain a better understanding of them throughout the semester.

3. Immunity
Which innate and/or adaptive defenses protect us from infection by this bacterium?
Does this pathogen induce a specific type of immune response (example: delayed-type hypersensitivity)? If so, which one(s)?

4. Pathology (Infectious Disease Information)

What condition(s) or infectious disease(s) does it cause?
Which tissues or organs are affected, and how are they affected (for example, chronic TB is characterized by lung tubercles)?
Describe the complications that can result if the infection is left untreated.
Are these acute, chronic, or latent infections?
What organ system(s) does it infect?
Is it an opportunistic pathogen? If so, where is it normally found in the body?

5. Epidemiology
Draw and label a diagram on how this organism is transmitted. Make sure you include the reservoirs of infection, any vectors if involved in transmission, the type of transmission, and portals of entry and exit.

6. Prevention
Is there a childhood vaccine against this microbe? Name of vaccine
If so, when is it administered (the recommended schedule, including boosters if recommended)?
If the vaccine is not recommended during childhood, which at-risk group should get the vaccine, and when?
Describe the type of vaccine and how it works :
If there is no vaccine available, list at least three measures the can be implemented to prevent people from acquiring this infection.

7. Treatment
Chemotherapeutic agents: antibiotic or antiviral etc. used to treat.
Mechanism of action for these chemotherapeutic agents.
Why is this agent efficacious against this particular organism ?
Additional therapeutic agents or practices.

If there is no treatment specific for your organism what measures are take?

8. Clinical relevance
Are there any MDR (multi-drug resistant) strains of this microorganism? If so, name the strain(s)
Is this strain a known healthcare-associated pathogen?

Which persons/procedures within a clinical or healthcare-assisted setting are particularly at risk

Which antibiotics are used against the multi-drug resistant strains? Be specific

9. References

Include at least 4 APA style references (scientifically appropriate credible resources) that show where you found the information in this microorganism profile.

Write out the genotype for a cow that is heterozygous for both traits. What would this cow look like with respect to these traits?

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Genetics problems

  1. A woman is heterozygous for both type A blood and for Rh factor. If she had a baby with a man who has O+ (0 positive) blood and is fully homozygous for these traits, what are the possible blood types of their children?
    The Punnett Square
♂   The cross:   ♀            
  X              
                 

Blood types possible in children?

                 

(Put a “0” in empty squares if there are fewer possibilities than blanks.)

Why can you get the correct results with the Punnett square shown (with only one row for the man, but four for the woman)?  (Explain.)

 

  1. Hemophilia is a recessive, sex-linked trait. If a woman who is a carrier for hemophilia marries a normal man, what are the odds their sons will have hemophilia? What are the odds that their daughters will have hemophilia? What are the odds their daughters will be carriers of the hemophilia gene? Use the following genes for this problem:  XN = X gene for normal blood clotting ; Xn = X with hemophilia gene; Y = Y chromosome.
    The Punnett Square
        ♂    
♂   The cross:   ♀              
  X     ♀          
                 

 

Odds of sons with hemophilia?

  out of                

 

Odds of daughters with hemophilia?                       Odds of carrier daughters?

  out of         out of      

 

 

In shorthorn cattle the gene for red coat (R) is not dominant over that for white coat (R’).  Cattle heterozygous for this gene are roan colored (In other words, inheritance of these traits is governed by incomplete dominance).  The gene that codes for the polled condition of the horns (P) is clearly dominant over the gene that codes for long horns (p).  (In other words, inheritance of these traits is governed by simple dominance.)

    1. Write out the genotype for a cow that is heterozygous for both traits.  What would this cow look like with respect to these traits?
Genotype   Phenotype  

 

    1. Do a Punnett square which illustrates the potential offspring for a cross between the cow above and a bull with the same genotype.
    ♂
♀          
         
         
         
         

 

    1. On average what percentage of the calves of numerous similar crossings would have each of the following sets of characteristics?
1) A red coat and polled horns.

 

  
2) A white coat and long horns.

 

  
3) A roan coat and polled horns.  

 

Who created it? What is it used for? what are the clinical applications?

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CBC blood test

Instructions:

  • APA format
  • 3 min references
  • Laboratory Procedure:
  1. Who created it?
  2. What is it used for?
  3. what are the clinical applications?

Procedure steps

  • 5 slides min
  • 10 slides

In the initial post (at least 300 words), discuss the beneficial and harmful effects of normal flora in the body. Give examples of such effects, and include in your response the characteristics of the microorganisms discussed in your examples.

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W1 Discussion Question 2: Microorganisms – Friend or Foe?

Purpose: Microorganisms can be helpful or potentially harmful. While most microbes exist symbiotically in the human body (both benefiting from the relationship), some microbes are pathogenic and cause infections. The goal of this discussion is to explore the beneficial and harmful effects of microorganisms in the human body.

Post: In the initial post (at least 300 words), discuss the beneficial and harmful effects of normal flora in the body. Give examples of such effects, and include in your response the characteristics of the microorganisms discussed in your examples. Be sure to use the readings and resources for the week and cite them using APA.

Review the video Virus Watch: Counting Viruses ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGVDYGxqtJ0 ). and create a one-page infographic that summarizes the steps you would carry out to quantify viruses using the plaque method.

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BIO 354 W3 Discussion Question 1: How to Quantify Viruses

Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is for you to analyze and summarize the process of virtual quantification.

Post: Review the video Virus Watch: Counting Viruses ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGVDYGxqtJ0 ). and create a one-page infographic that summarizes the steps you would carry out to quantify viruses using the plaque method. Be sure to use APA formatting for any sources you use. For tips on how to create an infographic, see the Creating an Infographic content page (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLxQAa5Sras) .

How would you choose the participants? What questionnaire items would you include in the survey? How can you improve the spread of this viral disease in your community?

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Chikungunya epidemiology

1.Suppose you wanted to conduct a survey of exposure to chikungunya in your own community:

  • a.- How would you choose the participants?
  • b.- What questionnaire items would you include in the survey?
  • c.- How can you improve the spread of this viral disease in your community?

2.-What type of study is the appropriate for this investigation?

3..-Define Cross-Sectional Study Design.

4.- What is the formula use to assess the relationship between exposure and outcome?