Write a technical research paper on the topic “the effects of social media on mental health and society”. Essay must provide research with data backing the topic.
In your essay you should:
Outline in general terms the key features that are characteristic of most types of receptor-mediated cell signalling.
Describe how signalling via G protein-coupled receptors exemplifies these characteristics.
Describe the key components of the pathway, how they interact, what changes in these molecules occur as a result of these interactions, and the consequence of these changes.
Note that no marks are awarded for an essay plan in this question but you are encouraged to develop one and include it in your answer as it will help you construct a better essay.
A mandatory word limit of 1400 words applies for the essay. Please note that this is an upper limit and you should not feel compelled to write up to the maximum, as it should be possible to write a shorter essay that covers all the salient points. The word limit does not include the following: the essay plan; the essay title; words in tables, figures or diagrams and their captions; words in reference lists. However, the word limit does include in-text citations. You should perform a word count and state the total number of words at the end of your essay.
The 30 marks available for this essay question are allocated as follows:
Introduction – (2 marks)
Body of essay – (20 marks)
Conclusion – (2 marks)
References (including appropriate citations in the essay) – (2 marks)
Style and construction – (4 marks)
N.B. 10% of the marks for this question will be deducted for answers that exceed the mandatory word limit.
Basically make an essay out of the powerpoint
– Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
mechanisms underpinning the skeletal ion channelopathy disease process
– Discuss pathology and current and/or potential treatments
– Explain the experimental approaches and techniques used to research the disease processes.
– Evaluate recent progress made in research of developmental therapies, including limitations of current knowledge.
If possible, add in a table/figure to summarise the findings
Basically make an essay out of the pdf
– Key experiments / methods are used to
determine the genetic and cellular mechanisms
of channelopathies.
-Understand how these key methods are used
and relevant to myotonia and period paralysis,
as discussed in Cannon SC (2015) Channelopathies
of Skeletal Muscle Excitability. Comprehensive
Physiology 5(2):761 90.
– Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using animal models (non-vertebrate models like drosophilla melanogaster, mice, primates, sheeps) of Huntington’s disease (HD) for research
– Outline difference between transgenic and knock-in mouse models of HD
– Describe behavioural test in animal models and relate them to symptoms of HD
– Compare and contrast arguments for HD inclusions (mutant huntington aggregates) being pathogenic and protective (if possible, put in some effects of mutant huntington protein)
– Describe the process of somatic expansion and understand the relevance of this to HD.
– Understand how extracellular free ionised Ca2+ concentration is monitored, and the relative contributions of the parathyroid and kidney calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR
– Discuss disorders of mineral ion metabolism due to alterations in CaSR expression and/or function
– Discuss the discovery of positive allosteric modulators of the CaSR
In 2000 words, critically review the topic “sewage and other wastes as a biofuel source”.
Basically make an essay out of this powerpoint
– Discuss anatomical distribution of Na+ transporting mechanisms in the kidney and hormonal
regulation
– Discuss molecular basis of diseases associated with mutations in Na+ reabsorbing mechanisms
– Discuss molecular targets and action of different types of diuretics
Basically make an essay out of the powerpoint attached
– Define the term channelopathy
– Explain how cardiac ion channelopathies can alter the action potential profile
in cardiac cells and the electrical behaviour of the heart
– Discuss the physiology and pathophysiology of potassium ion channels in the
heart, with particular focus on the impact of defective biophysical behaviour
and/or altered trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane
Basically make an essay out of the powerpoint attached
Using cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels as a focus
– Discuss the mechanisms that control and regulate protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at cardiac calcium channels (beta-adrenergic stimulation and L-type calcium channels) (citing experimental evidence of the calcium channel cascade which is the AKAP binding domain)
– Discuss how adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor cascades can converge on specific ion channels to modulate their behavior
– Explain the physiological relevance of such post-translational ion channel modification
Some recommended studies:
– Catterall
, W. ( Regulation of Cardiac Calcium Channels in the
Fight or Flight Response Current Molecular Pharmacology 8 ; 12 21 (experimental evidence)
– MacLeod (2016)
Recent advances in understanding cardiac contractility
in health and disease F1000Research 5 (F1000 Faculty Rev); 1770
-Shaw &
Colecraft ( L type calcium channel targeting and local
signalling in cardiac myocytes Cardiovascular Research 98 ; 177 186
– Benitah
, Alvarez & Gomez (2010) L type Ca 2+ currents in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
48 ; 26 36
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