What are the advantages and disadvantages of these different expatriate compensation methods?

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Instructions
To read the case study below, please click the link and log into the CSU Online Library.
Bodolica, V., & Waxi, M. (2007). Chicago food and beverage company: The challenges of managing international assignments. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 13(3), 31-42. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/apps/doc/A166823446/ITOF?u=oran95108&sid=ITOF&xid=598691f1
Answer the following questions after reading the case study:
Which staffing framework do you recognize in this case study? Explain its characteristics and the advantages to using this type of framework?
Would this type of staffing framework affect Paul’s ability to get things done? Why, or why not?
Explain if any of the other staffing frameworks would be any better? What can you recommend to the company’s headquarters in this sense?
Why does Paul want this job? Is Paul a good candidate for this expatriate position?
What comments can you make on expatriate management in general? And what comments can you make on the expatriate recruitment policy in particular?
What are the different expatriate compensation methods you recognized in the text? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these different expatriate compensation methods?
What do you suggest to the U.S. headquarters’ human resources manager in order to improve the expatriate satisfaction/compensation?
Your submission should be a minimum of three pages in length in APA style; however, a title page, a running head, and an abstract are not required. Be sure to cite and reference all quoted or paraphrased material appropriately in APA style.

Identify 2 perspectives (for instance employer Vs employee) and how will you use critical thinking in this context, for each perspective.

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Find the requirement/rubric for 4th assignment, which is a group project. Submit 5-6-page report (1 report per group) in addition to group presentation.

1. Explain deglobalization/anti-globalization

2. Select any country and identify the impact/influence of deglobalization to that country

3. What are the challenges of deglobalization?

4. Identify 2 perspectives (for instance employer Vs employee) and how will you use critical thinking in this context, for each perspective.

5. Based on the selected perspective, describe how decisions are made? Ethically? Biased?

6. What skills are required to think & make decisions (e.g., logical thinking, language skills, observational, questioning ability, planning skills, reasoning)

7. Provide your recommendations & conclusions

8. References

What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, contradictory or too limited? Why study (further) the research problem?

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Assignment 1 – Interim Research Paper
Contents
This element of assessment comprises the submission of a Interim Research Paper that provides an introduction to the research methodology, the theoretical framework and the literature review for the study area.
What is an Interim Research Paper?
Full details of the contents of the Interim Research paper are shown in Appendix 5 of this document. The main constituents of the paper are an interim literature review and preliminary research methodology which reflects the extent of the work undertaken by you at this stage of the dissertation.
The Interim Research Paper should be seen as a complete submission and not as an introduction to the main Dissertation submission. The research question should be clearly identified, as well as the aims and objectives. The typical components of the Interim Research Paper, as shown in Appendix 5 are:
Abstract Keywords Introduction (background to the topic) Lit Review Research Methodology Findings and Discussion (from the analysis of the lit review) Conclusion and Further Research
Always remember that this is a “stand alone” exercise and, even though you should be able to transfer most of the contents to your final submission, no reference to this should be made on the paper.
The Interim Literature Review in the Interim Research Paper
The literature review should demonstrate that you have a comprehensive knowledge of the research, theoretical and empirical, that relates to your proposed area of research.
A literature review is NOT merely a summary of other people’s work. It is a critical look at the existing research in a particular area/topic. Of course this will mean that you do summarize some of the relevant research in your chosen topic. However, you must EVALUATE this research. This will include detailing how the research is related and its relevance to your dissertation. You must not simply provide a description of individual research. To maximize your grade you must select the important aspects of the research (e.g. the methodology) and clearly indicate how it relates to the other relevant studies (e.g. What other methodologies have been used? How are they similar? How are they different?). A good review must provide the theoretical context for your research.
How to write a good review
By undertaking a review of your chosen topic you will of course enlarge your knowledge. You should also improve and demonstrate your skills in information seeking and critically appraising the relevant research.

Dissertation 2019‐2020 – Gheorghe Multescu
The idea of the literature review is not to provide a summary of all the published work that relates to your research, but a survey of the most relevant and significant work. A good review must: x be organized to demonstrate how the research is related to your dissertation and the research question you are developing x synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known x identify areas of controversy in the literature x formulate questions that need further research
In general, students should make sure that the following questions are answered:

What do we already know in the immediate area concerned? What are the characteristics of the key concepts or the main factors or variables? What are the relationships between these key concepts, factors or variables? What are the existing theories? Where are the inconsistencies or other shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding? What views need to be (further) tested?  What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, contradictory or too limited? Why study (further) the research problem?
In a theoretical framework you would include an outline of existing theories which are closely related to your research topic. You should make clear how your research relates to existing theories. How are ‘research questions’ in the field framed? How does your own research relate to such framings? You should make your own theoretical assumptions and allegiances as explicit as possible.
Preliminary Research Methodology in the Interim Research Paper
Start by explaining the paradigm and approach on which the paper is based, and then identify your research methodology.
Your discussion of methodology should be linked to this theoretical framework. At this stage you do not have to describe the methodology to be used in great detail, but you should justify its use over other methodologies. For example, you could explain the reasons for using:
• a certain paradigm or theory • an inductive or deductive approach • qualitative or quantitative research • a case study of a specific kind • surveys, correlational experiments, field studies, etc. • certain dependent or independent or moderating variables • a particular sampling frame and the size of a sample
You could also explain how you are proposing to: • have access to the data • analyze the data
Always be aware that for this exercise you are not required to obtain primary data.

Dissertation 2019‐2020 – Gheorghe Multescu                                                                   page   9
Submission
Please note. For both submissions the hard copy and the electronic copy via Turnitin should be submitted by the deadline to avoid penalties. The hard copy will be used to establish the penalty points.
The Interim Research Paper (Interim Submission) is a formal submission, which will be assessed in accordance with the criteria outlined in the Module Outline. The mark allocated for this submission will have a weighting of 25% of the overall module mark. Provided your Interim Research Paper is of adequate standard, it will be perfectly acceptable to include most of the content in your final submission.
The Interim Submission will be expected to be around 4,000 words in length (10% tolerance accepted) and should incorporate the following elements:
• A clear title for your research area • A rationale for the selection of the topic • Your research goals, expressed in terms of: ƒ Aim ƒ Objectives ƒ Either proposition(s) or key question(s) • A literature review (i.e. a first draft of the literature review which you expect to include in your final submission) • An introduction to the theoretical framework, research approach and proposed methodology for the study • A comprehensive list of references

The 3 compulsory tutorials to be held prior to the submission of the Interim Research Paper
will not be assessed but, as they are essential to ensure the smooth progression of the work, attendance will be recorded and non-attendance will be penalized.
Students’ interim submission will not be assessed if the tutorials have been missed, and you will lose all marks attributable to this element. Appendix 3 contains the attendance record sheet that should be signed by the Supervisor after each compulsory tutorial, and attached to the Interim Submission.
The compulsory tutorials are informal, and the arrangements should be initiated by the student.
Assignment 2 – PDP Submission
You are required to submit a portfolio not exceeding 1500 words (excluding illustrations, forms and diagrams) utilizing the structures to be provided during the PDP sessions, which addresses the following:
x Personal profile – CV ;
x SMART goals to be developed during the dissertation
x SWOT analysis applicable to your career progression

Dissertation 2019‐2020 – Gheorghe Multescu                                                                   page   49
Appendix 5

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Full paper template for interim research paper: Your paper title here Monty Sutisna1 and Lee Ruddock1 1School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom

Email: M.Sutrisna@xxxxxxxxxx; L.Ruddock@xxxxxxxxx
Abstract: The abstract of your paper should be written in a single paragraph within 300 words limit. A good abstract should give a brief overview of the paper including the background and/or rationale, the research methodology, and the findings from the research at its current stage. It is also a good practice to explain how the findings from the research can help or at least useful in solving problems or minimizing gaps in the specific area/field/communities/industry. Keywords: Up to 5 keywords should be provided in alphabetical order separated by commas (should be the same as your Topic Approval Form) Introduction The introduction section should provide an overview of the paper as well as its background and context. Starting from general to provide the ‘big picture’ moving down to specifics, this section should provide a rationale that justifies the research, i.e. why there is a necessity to conduct a research on this particular subject. This can be done by providing evidences of problems that needs solution and/or identified knowledge gap in a specific domain, level, geographical location, society, sector, industry, and so on supported by key references. As the response, a clear research agenda can be described specifying research aim and objectives in order to clarify the purpose of conducting the investigation. Following this, the author needs to describe in general how the research can be or had been done to satisfy the aim and objectives, i.e. a brief discussion on the research methodology. This should highlight the research design, data collection methods and data analysis conducted or to be conducted in the research. Research limitations, scopes and boundaries should be explained as well to manage the expectations of the readers/audience. The findings of the research at this stage have to be outlined here emphasizing on the originality and general contributions of the investigation and preferably specific contributions of this paper. It is also a good practice to clarify who exactly will or expected to benefit from such investigation. This should be closely linked to the research rationale, aim and objectives.
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Literature Review Similar to the background and context discussed in the introduction section, the literature review should flow from general to specific. There is no strict set of rules that prescribes the numbers of references that should be presented. However, as a rule of thumbs, every claims or important statement in the paper should be supported by at least one reference (can be academic or more industry related articles). References should be reasonably recent, key references and seminal works relevant to the field of study should be included. The referencing system used should be the Harvard system. There are several variances in styles that can be adopted, however for consistency, the following style should be applied in writing the interim research paper: (Sutrisna and Ruddock, 2009), (Ruddock et al., 2008; Sutrisna et al., 2008). Even though it is called the literature review section, the actual title of the section 2 does not have to be “Literature Review”. It can be other titles that might better represent the content of this section. Nesting Sub-sections Starting from section 2 onwards (except for section 6 References), nesting subsections can be added whenever necessary by selecting Heading 2 or heading 3 as appropriate. In order to format the numbering, right-click on the subsection title, choose Bullets and Numbering, select customize and choose the appropriate level and start at as appropriate. The Level of Sub-section Nesting Authors are not advised to use more than three levels of subsections’ nesting. The use of too many nesting levels will reduce clarity and may be confusing for the readers of the article. Research Methodology The research methodology should clearly discuss the framework, approach and/or the research design, data collection, and data analysis to be adopted in the research. One of the most important issues to be discussed here is the appropriateness of the selected methodology, i.e. the justification of why this particular methodology (consists of research approaches, tools, and so on), is the most appropriate choice compared to other alternatives. This is the opportunity for the authors to demonstrate their awareness and understanding (appropriate for the level of study) of the research tools commonly used in their field and how this knowledge is used to inform them in constructing a robust methodology to tackle the research problems/questions. Some papers present very early stages of the research. This should not prevent the author to discuss potential research methodology that can be adapted based on the nature of the research problems/questions identified or type of data expected at this stage. Research is iterative in nature and researchers continuously modify their research methodology in light of new information and changes in circumstances.
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Findings and Discussion In this section, authors should discuss all the findings emerging from conducting the investigation so far. Even for early stages of research (e.g. the paper may only aim to report an initial literature study), what have been synthesized from the literature should be discussed. This may be done by highlighting the similarities and/or differences from a variety of literature sources on the issues being investigated and the contextual nature of the similarities/differences (such as geographical locations, culture or many other factors that may influence the discussion in those different literature sources). Conclusion and Further Research In this section, the author should summarize the whole discussion presented in this paper. This can be done by briefly reminding the reader about the origin of the investigation and how the research has been designed and conducted, followed by the findings so far and who can benefit from the results. However, repetition (cut and paste) from previous sections of this paper should be avoided. Thus this section should provide a holistic view that summarizes those items rather than repetitively describing them as before. New materials should not be introduced in this section, except for the further research as explained below. The summary should then followed by flagging potential of further research emerging from the investigation. For ongoing research this may include the next stages of the research that will be conducted by the researcher to complete the research. Ideally, this section should demonstrate the contribution of the research and also this paper (as summarized) as well as inspiring other researchers to further develop the body of knowledge in the relevant field. Acknowledgement In some cases it is necessary for the author to acknowledge that this paper is a part of a larger research project. If no acknowledgement is necessary, this section should be deleted from the paper. References Author1, Initials., Author2, Initials. and Author3, Initials. (Year), ‘Article Title’, Journal Title, Volume (issue no.), pp 34-45. Author1, Initials., Author2, Initials. and Author3, Initials. (Year), Book title, Publisher, Place. Author1, Initials., Author2, Initials. and Author3, Initials. (Year), ‘Article Title’, In: Editor(s), Book Title, Publisher, Place, pp 34-45. Author1, Initials., Author2, Initials. and Author3, Initials. (Year), ‘Article Title’, In: Editor(s), Conference Proceeding, Publisher, Place, Dates of Conference, pp 3445 Author1, Initials., Author2, Initials. and Author3, Initials. (Year), ‘Article Title’, Publication/Publisher, http://www.url_address.co/a

Based on the report you compiled for your boss, describe the Bhopal Union Carbide plant malfunction you analyzed and which method you selected to complete your assessment.

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Based on the report you compiled for your boss, describe the Bhopal Union Carbide plant malfunction you analyzed and which method you selected to complete your assessment. Include why you decided this was the most applicable method for the malfunction and your primary recommendation for correcting the malfunction.

What incentives do interest groups offer to get individuals to join the group, and what strategies do interest groups use in their attempts to gain favorable policy.

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Analyze the impact of interest groups and lobbyist in by answering the following questions:

Whom do they benefit and how do they affect our society?
What incentives do interest groups offer to get individuals to join the group, and what strategies do interest groups use in their attempts to gain favorable policy. To answer this question please research two interest groups:
Go to the Web sites of two interest groups with related interests and identify the incentives they each offer individuals to join.

Compare and contrast the competing interests of the two groups.

Include the exact Web link and citation information for the page(s) where the incentive information is located in your reference list and parenthetical references.

Analyze the overall effect of interest groups on democracy. How do they further the pluralistic or the elite interest? Is this a benefit or an obstacle to democracy?
Your essay should be between 500 and 600 words, double-spaced and in APA format, with parenthetical citations and a Reference List. A cover page is not necessary.

Explain the effects of international diversification on firm returns and innovation.

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Write a short essay explaining the questions ,The essay should ,give real-life specific examples

1-Name and describe the five alternative modes for entering international markets.
2-Explain the effects of international diversification on firm returns and innovation.
3-Name and describe two major risks of international diversification.
4-Identify the four major benefits of an international strategy.

PART 2
Write a short essay explaining the questions ,The essay should ,give real-life specific examples.
1-Define cooperative strategies and explain why firms use them.
2-Define and discuss three types of strategic alliances.
3-Name the business-level cooperative strategies and describe their use.
4-Explain cooperative strategies’ risks.

Explain how those strategies support the current structure and contributes to organizational success.

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*Assignment Details:

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read Chapters 11, 12 and 13 of your text. Review the How to Strategically Align Employee Compensation with Your Company’s Objectives (Links to an external site.) article.

According to Stevens-Huffman (2012), “While compensation alone won’t ensure the attainment of the business plan, customized, strategic alignment of total rewards increases the likelihood of success.” (para. 2). Consider your current organization or one that you are familiar with and recommend two compensation and benefits strategies. Explain how those strategies support the current structure and contributes to organizational success. Your original response to this discussion should be a minimum of 250 words.

http://www.sbnonline.com/article/how-to-strategically-align-employee-compensation-with-your-companys-objectives/

 

Experiment with various classification methods and propose a final model for identifying customers who will respond to the targeted marketing.

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Data Analysis Case Problem – Week 7

Review the attached Excel spreadsheet and answer all the Case Study respective questions.

Case Problem: Grey Code Corporation

Grey Code Corporation (GCC) is a media and marketing company involved in magazine and book publishing and in television broadcasting. GCC’s portfolio of home and family magazines has been a long-running strength, but they have expanded to become a provider of a spectrum of services (market research, communications planning, web site advertising, etc.) that can enhance their clients’ brands.

GCC’s relational database contains over a terabyte of data encompassing 75 million customers. GCC uses the data in its database to develop campaigns for new customer acquisition, customer reactivation, and the identification of cross-selling opportunities for products. For example, GCC will generate separate versions of a monthly issue of a magazine that will differ only by the advertisements they contain. They will mail a subscribing customer the version with the print ads identified by their database as being of most interest to that customer.

One particular problem facing GCC is how to boost the customer response rate to renewal offers that it mails to its magazine subscribers. The industry response rate is about 2%, but GCC has historically performed better than that. However, GCC must update its model to correspond to recent changes. GCC’s director of database marketing, Chris Grey, wants to make sure GCC maintains its place as one of the top achievers in targeted marketing. The file GCC contains 99 variables (columns) and 50,000 rows (distinct customers).

Play the role of Chris Grey and construct a classification model to identify customers who are likely to respond to a mailing. Write a report that documents the following steps:

  1. Explore the data. This includes addressing any missing data as well as treatment of variables. Variables may need to be transformed. Also, because of the large number of variables, you must identify appropriate means to reduce the dimension of the data. In particular, it may be helpful to filter out unnecessary and redundant variables.
  2. Partition the data into training, validation, and test sets.
  3. Experiment with various classification methods and propose a final model for identifying customers who will respond to the targeted marketing.
    1. Your report should include a chart of the Class 1 and Class 0 error rates for various values of the cutoff probability.
    2. Recommend a cutoff probability value. For the test set, what is the overall error rate at this value? What are the Class 1 and Class 0 error rates at this value?
    3. If GCC sends the targeted marketing to the model’s top decile, what is the expected response rate? How does that compare to the average industry rate?

 

Explain and justify methods used to identify the target market for the proposed business.

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M1 Explain and justify methods used to identify the target market for the proposed business.

Within this assignment, I will be explaining the different methods I will apply in order to identify the target market for my proposed business.

To find out my target market I will use primary research as well as secondary research, as I feel both will provide me with accurate, detailed and reliable information as they both have their own individual benefits along with their own drawbacks. By using both, though, I will be able to eliminate both the drawbacks and have access to reliable information and data that can help me determine my target market properly. I chose to use 1 primary research tool, a questionnaire, together with 1 secondary internet research process.

I will first create a questionnaire and give it to people as it is an easy and efficient process as well as unique to my business needs. Therefore, the benefits of using a questionnaire are that people are familiar with the format, it is easy to understand and clearly laid out. The data I receive is going to be new and up-to-date, because I know where it comes from. It allows a vast amount of information to be obtained in a short amount of time from a large number of people. For comparison and evaluation, the results of the questionnaire can be easily converted into graphs and charts. None of my rivals, as I do myself, will be able to steal or clone this data and it will be unique to my company needs to ensure exclusivity.

Nonetheless, questionnaires also have drawbacks. We lack credibility as anyone with random answers can answer the questions just to complete the questionnaire meaning there is no way to tell how accurate their answers are. Others claim it’s ineffective because there are different response types including long answers, multiple choices, etc. It could become expensive to produce the questionnaires and waste a lot of money to produce the resources and equipment and materials as I want it to be accurate, which means I’ll have to start from scratch. Questionnaires are a good research tool for my company as I can apply the questions to my business needs as well as choose who will answer my questionnaire.

The second type of research I’m going to do is research on the internet that helps me identify my target market. This is because it helps me to receive at once a large sample of data that increases the amount of statistics I have. Therefore, data is automatically entered into the database, no data entry errors occur. This is a more inclusive sample-based study rather than a conventional old-based research that is great for my proposed company because all the rivals in the resturant industry will have already done research and this would have been published on the internet, so this is not going to be difficult to find and there should be no shortage of information on the internet. Internet research is a cheap way to gather information because you don’t need to supply any materials or facilities as the study has already been collected.

On the other hand, sometimes you might rush through this research that might mean you don’t read something properly, and this may result in collecting inaccurate research that is wrong and invalid to my research that won’t be useful. A huge percentage of internet information is also unreliable and can be very unpredictable because people with no experience can publish information on the internet that has no basis of validity, which is why I will be extremely careful when browsing through the internet and carefully looking for websites and sources that have a clear connection.

There are some kinds of research that I would not engage in, such as interviews. This is because the interview costs can be quite high, because people’s workers are expected to perform the interviews. Now a day’s interviews in a paper form are old-fashioned, and none of them are willing to answer because they are usually done on iPads or tablets that cost too much cash. Also, the quality of the data that I will receive will often depend on the interviewee’s ability as some people have natural ability to conduct an interview, but some people may be shy and other data may not be good. It’s normal for most people that they’re not naturally good at conducting interviews, which is why I’m not going to use interviews to define my company target market. The sample size in an interview is limited because for a long period of time some people may not be willing to answer questions. However, if the interview is recorded on paper, the collected data will need to be entered manually and scanned into a device, however data entry that cost a significant amount of money because iPads or tablets etc. may need to be needed.

Additionally, a focus group is a good research method however, it is not suitable for me to identify the target market for my proposed business. This is because they can be moderately bias because people may intentionally put their personal opinions into the other participant’s exchange of ideas. This may make the results inaccurate because the group participants may reach certain assumptions or conclusions about a certain idea or product. Also focus groups are not in such depth compared to an individual interview because they are not as efficient in covering a lot of detailed information.

Postal surveys are a widely used research tool, as they allow you to obtain a large sample of work using a very low-cost approach with limited resources. However, there is no way to find out who did respond to the questionnaire and who did not. They are straightforward and easy to fill out as they have a basic format that allows respondents to pick answers from a present response set. I don’t think postal surveys are the most appropriate research tool so I can’t get immediate answers that aren’t helpful if I need a lot of information in a short time. So I’m not going to use postal surveys as a research method because it’s not ideal for the study I need to find out.

To conclude, I think that my chosen research methods are the most suitable methods because questionnaires are in a format that people are familiar with, making people more likely to answer because they understand what they are doing and the meaning of them. These are easy to understand because they are clearly written allowing different question types to obtain a large range of answers that is really helpful for me to gather a huge amount of data that suits well with questionnaires. As well as questionnaires, internet research is the most appropriate research method for me to use because I will be able to obtain a large amount of information in one go because it’s all in one location, it’s a simple research method that makes it useful because no one really reads books or uses conventional research methods in modern times and era. Both of these forms of study are the most suitable approaches I want to find out which is my target audience. Overall, the two most appropriate tools for my research are the questionnaires and internet research out of all the research methods I think.

Evaluate the impact of ethical values and concepts to the different cultures and societies in which organisations may operate.

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CMI Level 6 Management and Leadership

 

Name of the Unit: Ethical organisational management

Number of Word count: 2095

Table of Contents

Introduction.. 3

TASK 1. 3

A.C. 1.1 – Discuss the concept of ethics in an organisational context 3

A.C. 1.2 – Evaluate those factors which could influence organisational ethics. 3

A.C. 2.1 – Evaluate an organisational code of ethics. 4

TASK 2. 4

A.C. 1.3 – Outline the effect of organisational ethics on corporate social responsibilities  4

A.C. 2.3 – Evaluate the impact of ethical values and concepts to the different cultures and societies in which organisations may operate. 5

TASK 3. 6

A.C. 2.2 – Interpret ethically related legislation impacting upon organisational accountability  6

TASK 4. 6

A.C. 3.1 – Describe values and beliefs on which ethical decisions can be made by individuals, groups and senior managers in an organisation.. 6

A.C. 3.2 – Discuss how a values and beliefs strategy in different cultures and societies could influence their attitude to the organisation.. 7

TASK 5. 7

A.C. 3.3 – Discuss an ethical organisational approach that could recognise and/or respect other cultural value systems or ideologies. 7

Conclusion.. 7

References. 9

Introduction

Ethics in the organization are the standards that govern workplace relationships and business operations (Chun, et al., 2013). Ethics are exhibited in the form of integrity, transparency, accountability, compassion, respect and fairness. Furthermore, ethics plays a significant role in an organization’s corporate social responsibility. It assists organizations to manage different cross-cultural subjects.

TASK 1

A.C. 1.1 – Discuss the concept of ethics in an organisational context

Organizational ethics are the principals by which companies’ functions and are established through integrity. It is imperative organizations ensures employees understand organization ethics and can conform. An organization is shaped through amalgamation working towards predefined objectives. Employees must ensure the company ethics are adhered to in order to establish a positive working environment.

Organizational ethics are the guidelines and procedures enacted in the company to help the organization manage various challenges. A positive organizational culture plays a significant role in the company. When a company invests its resources in formulating strategies and guidelines, the outcome is a positive organizational culture. Examples of such policies are equality for growth and anti-discriminatory policies. Additionally, for an organization to maintain its customer relationship to inspire its corporate brand, the organization should enforce ethical practices (Ferrell, 2016). In Unilever, the company opts for upholding honesty and fairness in its marketing initiatives. If an organization deal with complaints in an adverse method, the company is subjected to the possibility of misplacing its customer confidence. Additionally, if the organization fails to develop policies and guidelines to enforce ethical practice, the company is at risk of financial liabilities. Therefore, it is essential ethical practices are defined and incorporated in the organization structure and strategies.

A.C. 1.2 – Evaluate those factors which could influence organisational ethics

Various factors affect organizational ethics, such as values and individual goals. Ethical factors involve methods and actions which influence behaviour in amenability with the environment. Ethical concerns in management involve integrity and the overall impact the organization has internally and externally.

In contemporary society, companies are cognisant of innumerable ethical issues, and as a result, several strategies are put in place to improve the ethical standards of the organization (Mihai & Alina, 2013). However, there are some factors that influences the role managers partake in making ethical decisions. A personal code of ethics is a component that influences organizational ethics. It refers to an individual’s code of ethics that they consider when they intend to make a decision. Government legislation can also influence organizational ethics (Mihai & Alina, 2013). Government involvement in business is to regulate and oversee unethical and various unwanted business practices. The ethical code of an organization can also influences how managers make ethical decisions. As a company develops, the ethical standards also develop in order to prevent any instance of unethical practices that can harm the company’s brand and public image. Societal pressure also influences ethical decisions (Ferrell, 2016). For example, if company supplies average products and become involved in unethical endeavours, the clients will become indifferent with the company. Thus, it is important for organization to display ethical standards.

A.C. 2.1 – Evaluate an organisational code of ethics

A code of ethics elucidates a company’s values, mission and policies connecting them with the principles of professional conduct. Unilever’s code of business principles is an example of expectation in a code of ethics. Unilever’s standard of conduct clarifies how the company operates with openness, integrity and transparency (Sekerka, et al., 2014). The company concentrates on issues such as human rights and the wellbeing of staff members. Furthermore, the company requires the staff members to observe the law of its country of operation.  The company’s code of ethics also regards the employee and promotes a working environment that facilitates diversity and equal chances. The code of ethics also permits Unilever to provide the customers with branded products that are made in conformance with quality standards, acceptable practices and affordability. It also operates by its corporate governance where the shareholders are provided with timely and reliable financial, structural and performance-based information. The code of ethics permits the company to establish mutual relationships with the customers, suppliers, and business partners (Sert, et al., 2014). The code of ethics also facilitates community involvement, where Unilever fulfils its responsibilities as it gives back to the community. Ensuring the organization has an overall positive impact on the community it operates within.

TASK 2

A.C. 1.3 – Outline the effect of organisational ethics on corporate social responsibilities

In the case of CSR, ethics refers to the apparent duties of the organization to observe centralised laws in order to avoid situations that enervate the wellbeing of the customers, staff members, and the stakeholders. An organization’s corporate theory of ethics can influence its workforce by developing trust. Pertaining to the social contract theory of ethics, an organization has an ethical responsibility of improving the welfares of staff members and the clients within the law (Shafer, 2015). Based on fairness and competition, a business’s concept of ethics enables it to inspire fairness among the staff members. The business permits the staff members to participate exhausting fair business strategies without destructively effecting each other’s performance. As such, the organization will be able to reach a higher level of accomplishment.

Based on the transparency of organizational practices, social obligation needs an aspect of transparency in order to ensure the clients the company has nothing to obscure. An organization that does not permit the public to view its environmental endeavours can be faced with indifferent customers. When a business gives the customers a chance to observe their business and environmental initiatives, the employees are more likely to observe the rules and regulations of the organization (Thiel, et al., 2012). Since CSR is also environmentally conscious, minimizing waste inspires the staff members to safeguard office equipment and supplies to minimize the number of disposable goods. Rationalizing an organization’s waste management program can bring about increase productivity and workforce engagement.

A.C. 2.3 – Evaluate the impact of ethical values and concepts to the different cultures and societies in which organisations may operate

Organizational ethical values and concepts could influence various cultures as well as the society the companies operates. Ethical values and concepts may bring about several impacts on different cultures. For example, ethical values and concepts promotes equality and justice where people can freely coincide. Intrinsically, ethics acts as a regulator that helps in pointing various issues that may bring about conflicts within different cultures (Mihai & Alina, 2013). As such, it assists to reinstate congruence between cultures that were forced to disagree. In organizations, ethical values and concepts instils a positive corporate culture. For instance, in Unilever company, the company has various policies and procedures that enforce a business integrity culture. It also helps to boost consumer confidence when an organization adheres and upholds ethical values and concepts. In the society, ethical values and concepts also play a significant role (Sekerka, et al., 2014). Various cultures have been able to overcome language barrier, establish a peaceful coexistence and outline issues that may lead to various disagreements. Cultures affect interpretation of organization strategies and plays a factor on what ethical values are emphasize and communicated.

TASK 3

A.C. 2.2 – Interpret ethically related legislation impacting upon organisational accountability

Examples of two laws in the United Kingdom governing organizational ethics are the Bribery Act of 2010 and the Equality Act of 2010. The Bribery Act of 2010 forbids any act of bribery from public officials and organization-to-organization bribery (Sekerka, et al., 2014). Organizational accountability refers to a clear definition of a corporation’s core values, mission and objectives. It also means that the staff members are held responsible for achieving these goals. As such, the laws influence organizational accountability in several ways. The Bribery Act 2010 influences organizational accountability by establishing a new corporate offence (Sert, et al., 2014). The organizational offence is regarded as a stringent liability offence which means that a company may commit transgression without its knowledge. As such, it is upon the company to take the necessary procedures to prove that it had sufficient measures in place developed to prevent individuals connected with the misconduct from undertaking such transgression. On the other hand, the Equality Act 2010 also influences organizational accountability in several ways. The Act elaborates a collection of characteristics (Mihai & Alina, 2013). As such, it states that if any individual or other parties disregards the other based on these characteristics, then it is unlawful. Examples of such factors are age, disability, race, religion, and many others.

TASK 4

A.C. 3.1 – Describe values and beliefs on which ethical decisions can be made by individuals, groups and senior managers in an organisation

Values and beliefs contribute to an integral role in making ethical decisions. Organization leaders have a direct role in inducing organizational ethics and establishing an environment that foster ethical values and refrain from unethical environmental practices. Ethically taking into consideration finances, expansion of the organization and reducing negative impact on the environment. For example, refraining from malicious actions towards competitors.

Individual values have usually been a factor associated to individual decision behaviour. Examples of values are Integrity, commitment, innovation, motivation, perseverance, and respect.

Examples of beliefs are leading by illustration, showing respect, recognising accountability. Individuals, groups, and senior managers can make ethical decisions based on integrity. Integrity incorporates responsibility, honesty, consistency, decency, commitment, and sincerity.

A.C. 3.2 – Discuss how a values and beliefs strategy in different cultures and societies could influence their attitude to the organisation

Culture is an integral part of any organization because it shapes individual’s behaviour, customer service and innovation. As a result, values and beliefs in different cultures can influence the attitude of employees in several ways. Initially, values and beliefs of different cultures act as a firm’s internal and external identity (Ferrell, 2016). Second, these values and beliefs can shape the company’s core values. It is important that managers and human resources understand the cultural values in the environment that the company functions. When implementing comprehensive business initiatives, cultural differences should be considered to reduce miscommunication and confrontation. organizational culture replicates the values, beliefs and behavioural standards that are used by employees to interpret their surroundings. Thus, these aspects are essential and should be taken into consideration when establishing organization standards and values. Culture can either influence staff members to be advocates of the company or critics. Values and beliefs of a culture can inspire the employees to reach their full potential which in turn boosts organizational performance. Lastly, culture can inspire teamwork in an organization.

The culture within an organization is significant factor in establishing a positive working environment to maximise productivity. Understanding the organization’s core values can prevent internal conflict

The response to organizational procedures communicated to employees, can affect work behaviour, morale and attaining organization objectives.

TASK 5

A.C. 3.3 – Discuss an ethical organisational approach that could recognise and/or respect other cultural value systems or ideologies

In diverse organizations, the ability to work with various people with diverse values and cultures is significant. When an organization’s culture is implemented it should ensure employees are recognized and valued which creates job satisfaction and positive outcomes (Custominsight.com, 2019).

There are several ethical organizational approaches that recognizes and respects other cultures and their value systems and principles. For example, corporate social responsibility is an ethical organizational approach whose aim is to protect the community.

As technology advances and organizations become global, ethical issues become precedence in order to strengthen business connections.

Another example of such an ethical approach by organizations is uniform treatment of all staff members (Sert, et al., 2014).  Organizations promote sensitivity training in the form of seminars to discuss various discrimination issues. As such, organizations value other cultures by such approaches.

Conclusion

Ethical practices are an integral part and process of organizational management. In various situations, organizational leaders will encounter circumstances that will test their ethical principles. Occasionally organizations are challenged with ethical dilemmas. However, individuals’ values and beliefs can assist organizational leaders to make ethical decisions and take into consideration long term impact across the chain.

An organization’s culture is driven by the values sustained throughout that organization. The established culture should be based on a strongly shared set of beliefs that are supported by strategy and structure.

Organizational culture reflects the values, beliefs and purpose that influence employee’s reaction to the environment and situation encountered. It is important understand cultural differences and procedures in order to reduce conflict and enhance the ability to work cohesively.

leadership and ethics influence the team communication and act as a catalyst to achieve ethically the organization objectives, improve job satisfaction and ethical functions.

References

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