Draw a structure for each of the following compounds. Predict the major product of each reaction. Be sure to indicate any stereochemistry in your product if applicable.

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Organic Chemistry Problems about Structure Drawing, Alkyl Halides, Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions

Draw a structure for each of the following compounds. [2 points each]

  1. trans-4-Octene d) 4-tert-Butyl-1-hexene
  2. (Z)-3-Methyl-2-hexene e) (E)-3-Chloro-3-heptene
  3. 3-Ethyl-2-pentene f) 3-Isopropyl-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentene

Predict the major product of each reaction. Be sure to indicate any stereochemistry in your product if applicable. [2 points each]

a) (N—-\ HCI   H2
  Pd/C

H30+d)      1. BH3 THE

  1. H202, NaOH

Write a mechanism for the following reaction. [6 points]

 

How many tests from this module need to be run before feeling certain of aromaticity in an unknown sample? Explain your reasoning by naming them and briefly describing how each works.?

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1-What single qualitative test from this module could be employed to distinguish between 1-butanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol? Which compound would come out positive and what would be the indication? What single qualitative test from this module could be employed to distinguish between t-butyl chloride and n-butyl chloride? State which compound would come out positive and what would be the indication.?

What single qualitative test from this module could be employed to distinguish between 1-hexene and hexane? State which compound would come out positive, and what would be the indication?

Explain why the chromic acid test for alcohols reacts with primary and secondary alcohols while it doesn’t react with tertiary alcohols.?Compare and contrast the outcomes from the Beilstein test when applied to an alkyl chloride vs. an alkyl iodide?

What types of compounds will “dissolve in” conc. H2SO4 because they become chemically altered? Which common functional group or groups do all these compounds share that allow them to “dissolve in” sulfuric acid?

What test would differentiate all alkyl halides from any other class of compounds? How is it performed, and what is the indication of a halide?Explain why the Lucas test for alcohols reacts fastest with tertiary alcohols rather than secondary and primary alcohols?

How many tests from this module need to be run before feeling certain of aromaticity in an unknown sample? Explain your reasoning by naming them and briefly describing how each works.?

Identify your unknown. In your explanation, indicate how the results from each test you performed points to the proposed compound. Also analyze your IR spectrum for the key peaks and what functional groups they indicate. If any results from different tests appear to conflict, explain the nature of the conflict and why you chose to exclude certain test results.?

 

A chemist determined by measurements that 0.065 moles of beryllium oxide participates in a chemical reaction calculate the mass of beryllium oxide that participates.

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Chemical reaction

A chemist determined by measurements that 0.065 moles of beryllium oxide participates in a chemical reaction calculate the mass of beryllium oxide that participates.

 

Calculate the mole fractions of methanol and ethanol in a solution obtained by mixing 100 g of each. Calculate the partial pressures and the total vapor pressure of the solution. Calculate the mole fraction of methanol in the vapor.

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HOMEWORK SET No. 8

The boiling point of hexane at 1 atm is 68.7 °C. What is the boiling point at 1 bar? Given: The vapor pressure of hexane at 49.6 o C is 53.32 k Pa.

Liquid mercury has a density of 13.690 g cm−3 , and solid mercury has a density of 14.193 g cm−3 , both being measured at the melting point, −38.87 °C, at 1 bar pressure. The heat of fusion is 9.75 J g−1 . Calculate the melting points of mercury under a pressure of (a) 10 bar and (b) 3540 bar. The observed melting point under 3540 bar is −19.9 °C.

The change in Gibbs energy for the conversion of aragonite to calcite at 25 °C is- 1046 J mol−1 . The density of aragonite is 2.93 g cm−3 at 15 °C and the density of calcite is 2. 71 g cm−3 . At what pressure at 25 °C would these two forms of CaCO3 be in equilibrium?

Ethanol and methanol form very nearly ideal solutions. At 20 °C, the vapor pressure of ethanol is 5.93 k:Pa, and that of methanol is 11 .8 3 k:Pa .

  • (a) Calculate the mole fractions of methanol and ethanol in a solution obtained by mixing 100 g of each.
  • (b) Calculate the partial pressures and the total vapor pressure of the solution.
  • (c) Calculate the mole fraction of methanol in the vapor.

One mole of benzene (component 1) is mixed with two moles of toluene (component 2). At 60 °C the vapor pressures of benzene and toluene are 51.3 and 18.5 kPa, respectively.

  • (a) As the pressure is reduced, at what pressure will boiling begin?
  • (b) What will be the composition of the first bubble of vapor?

If two liquids (1 and 2) are completely immiscible, the mixture will boil when the sum of the two partial pressures exceeds the applied pressure: P = P1 + P2. In the vapor phase the ratio of the mole fractions of the two components is equal to the ratio of their vapor pressures.

1 1 1 2

2 2 2 1

P x m M

P x m M

∗

∗ = = where m1 and m2 are the masses of components 1 and 2 in the vapor phase, and M1 and naphthalene-water is 98 °C under a pressure of 97.7 kPa. The vapor pressure of water at 98 °C is 94.3 kPa. Calculate the weight percent of naphthalene in the distillate.

Use the Gibbs-Duhem equation to show that if one component of a binary liquid solution

 

Describe the main ideas in order of appearance. Summarize the main points of the article and show your understanding of the article. The summary will have at least 10 sentences of adequate length and depth.

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During research, scientists report studies’ conclusions in short abstracts. Reading science articles and writing science abstracts will help you communicate knowledge to others.

Step 1: Select and carefully read a science article. Choose a science article within the topic assigned that interests you!  Articles must be no more than 3 months old, and of adequate length. If you choose a very short article, you will have difficulty writing the assignment.

Step 2: Paste the link for your article at the top of your report.

Step 3: Writing the report: The report must be typed. You must use size 12 and a standard font (Times New Roman etc). The following steps must be typed in the order below:

  • Bibliography/Citation: Use MLA formats to properly credit your source
  • 4 Ws:
  • Who (scientist or author): _________________
  • What (what is the article about): ____________
  • When (month or year): ___________________
  • Where (location or university): _____________
  • Write a new vocabulary word and its definition (use a dictionary) from the article.
  • Summary: What did the article say?

Describe the main ideas in order of appearance. Use your own words to summarize the main points of the article and show your understanding of the article. The summary will have at least 10 sentences of adequate length and depth.

  • Reflections Paragraph: How do you feel about this topic?

In a paragraph with at least 10 sentences, react to the information in the article. Note the article’s strengths and weaknesses using evidence.  Support your reasoning with details and examples from your own life, past knowledge, and from the article. What questions would you ask the author or researcher? Examine how the information was helpful or interesting.

Step 4: Turning in the report. Email your article to me and put the title current event # 1, 2, 3, in the subject line with your name. Label each part as listed above.

****

  • If you copy the summary from the internet…This is plagiarism and you will receive a zero.
  • If the article is not current within 3 months you will not get credit.

Possible Sources:

Describe the main ideas in order of appearance. Use your own words to summarize the main points of the article and show your understanding of the article.

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Palgirsim report

During research, scientists report studies’ conclusions in short abstracts. Reading science articles and writing science abstracts will help you communicate knowledge to others.

Step 1: Select and carefully read a science article. Choose a science article within the topic assigned that interests you!  Articles must be no more than 3 months old, and of adequate length. If you choose a very short article, you will have difficulty writing the assignment.

Step 2: Paste the link for your article at the top of your report.

Step 3: Writing the report: The report must be typed. You must use size 12 and a standard font (Times New Roman etc). The following steps must be typed in the order below:

  • Bibliography/Citation: Use MLA formats to properly credit your source
  • 4 Ws:
  • Who (scientist or author): _________________
  • What (what is the article about): ____________
  • When (month or year): ___________________
  • Where (location or university): _____________
  • Write a new vocabulary word and its definition (use a dictionary) from the article.
  • Summary: What did the article say?

Describe the main ideas in order of appearance. Use your own words to summarize the main points of the article and show your understanding of the article. The summary will have at least 10 sentences of adequate length and depth.

  • Reflections Paragraph: How do you feel about this topic?

In a paragraph with at least 10 sentences, react to the information in the article. Note the article’s strengths and weaknesses using evidence.  Support your reasoning with details and examples from your own life, past knowledge, and from the article. What questions would you ask the author or researcher? Examine how the information was helpful or interesting.

Step 4: Turning in the report. Email your article to me and put the title current event # 1, 2, 3, in the subject line with your name. Label each part as listed above.

  • If you copy the summary from the internet…This is plagiarism and you will receive a zero.
  • If the article is not current within 3 months you will not get credit.

Possible Sources:

Explain the relationship between mass, molecular weight, and numbers of atoms or molecules and perform calculations deriving these quantities from one another

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Mass-to-mass stoichiometric calculations

Explain the relationship between mass, molecular weight, and numbers of atoms or molecules and perform calculations deriving these quantities from one another

  • Perform mass-to-mass stoichiometric calculations via conversions to mole
  • Identify the limiting and excess reagents in a chemical reaction
  • Calculate the theoretical, actual and percent reaction yield
  • Define Avogadro’s number and describe the mole quantification of matter

Explain what happens to the plot if (a) temperature was increased by three-fold, or, separately, (b) all the oxygen molecules atomized into atomic oxygen (decrease in mass)?

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Physical chemistry life sciences

The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for molecular oxygen at 900 K is shown below (Fig. 1). Explain what happens to the plot if (a) temperature was increased by three-fold, or, separately, (b) all the oxygen molecules atomized into atomic oxygen (decrease in mass)? PLOTTING IS OPTIONAL.

 

What is your favorite color or color combination of firework? Do a deep dive into how this color is created and discuss the key chemical principles at play.

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Question 1 – The Chemistry of Fireworks!
Review the attached YouTube video.

The objective of this assignment is to summarize and to analyze the chemistry of fireworks in the context of elemental analysis.
What is your favorite color or color combination of firework? Do a deep dive into how this color is created and discuss the key chemical principles at play.
As part of this assignment, students should research and briefly introduce other applications of this fascinating and colorful phenomenon.
This submission should be 1-page or greater, 12-pt font, 1-inch margins.
VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=7&v=nPHegSulI_M&feature=emb_logo

Question 2 – The Real World Applications of Stoichiometry
Review the attached links for additional learning opportunities on stoichiometry.

The objective of this assignment is to discuss real world applications of stoichiometry.
Specifically, students are tasked with choosing a real world application and detailing the value of stoichiometry to this application.
The ideal submission will prepare sample calculations as a demonstration.
This submission should be 1-page or greater, 12-pt font, 1-inch margins.
LINK: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/03%3A_Using_Chemical_Equations_in_Calculations/3.02%3A_Equations_and_Mass_Relationships/3.2.04%3A_Food-_Let’s_Cook
LINK: http://fdchemie.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/93335894/Stoichiometry_of_Calcium_Medicines.pdf

A student reacts 2.0 moles A and 4.0 moles of B in an insulated container. The reaction takes place M water (50.0 g), in a coffee cup. The water gains heat, raising its temperature 23.6.0 (AT). Water has a specific heat capacity of 9.189 J/g • C. A + 2 B —> 3C AHRxN = ?

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Questions (including the gas laws, the heat capacity laws, and the laws of stoichiometry) with proofs

We can agree on that which we all observe and the laws of science (including the gas laws, the heat capacity laws, and the laws of stoichlometry).

  1. (9 points) A 15.0 gram piece of metal is heated to 65.0 • C and then dropped into 175 grams of 24.0’C water. The system eventually comes to a stable temperature of 35.5 • C. (The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g ‘ C) a. Energy is absorbed by the water. What is qw,u-ni?
  2. Energy is released by the metal. What is qr….? (this one is easy)
  3. What is the specific heat (Cs) of the metal?
  4. (15 points) An empty balloon weighs 2.1 grams. At 25.0 .0 and 1.0 atm the balloon is filled with a pure substance. The filled balloon has a volume of 15.9 L and weighs 13.8 grams. Answer each question below with justification (prove your answer). a. What is the molar mass of the unlcnown substance? Would this balloon float in a room of 25.0 C ammonia INH3) gas.
  5. If you heated that balloon to 100.•C, what would be the new volume?
  6. (14 points) A student reacts 2.0 moles A and 4.0 moles of B in an insulated container. The reaction takes place M water (50.0 g), in a coffee cup. The water gains heat, raising its temperature 23.6.0 (AT). Water has a specific heat capacity of 9.189 J/g • C. A + 2 B —> 3C AHRxN = ?
  7. Energy is absorb. by the water. What is Q.T.,
  8. Energy is released by the reaction. What is cp., (this one is easy)
  9. How much heat per mol of A (or per 2 mol of B), by the reaction (aim)?
  10. ..other reaction, a student reacts 15 2 ttroll=01171 secm;d rnelaltIc’1:11:1; excess A. ‘hat