What are the bubbles that you see in a positive (+) catalyses reaction?

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Catalyses and Oxidase Tests on Unknown

For this week’s lab assessment, you will answer just a few questions regarding the oxidase and
catalyses assays and unknown results (listed below) and then you will continue to work on your lab report. For week 10, you will make sure that you are:

1) What are the bubbles that you see in a positive (+) catalyses reaction?

2) Bacteria capable of synthesizing the enzyme catalase hydrolyze and gaseous oxygen.

3) The oxidase test is used to identify microorganisms containing the enzyme.

4) Cytochrome oxidase transfers electrons from the electron transport chain to  (the
final electron acceptor) and reduces it to water.

What is a functional group in organic chemistry? What functional group does your unknown have?

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Infrared-Spectrum .

Locate infrared spectra for each name you found in paragraph

1. Look at the structural formulas that are given with the names. You may either (1) match each peak from your unknown with peaks on each literature IR or you can (2) talk about the structure implied by your IR, which peaks support that structure, and whether there are matching structural peaks on the literature IRs.

When you analyze an IR, which peaks from your unknown are different from your choices and which are the same? A couple of questions that might help you with a structural discussion: what is an isomer?

Are the numbers in the name important, and if they are, what do they tell us about compounds? What is a functional group in organic chemistry? What functional group does your unknown have? If an identity does not have a reported IR, state that in the paragraph discussion. You must include a citation for each literature IR spectrum.

Why is the ability to draw a Lewis structure considered a core chemistry skill?

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1. What is the difference between a single bond and a multiple bond?

2. Why is the ability to draw a Lewis structure considered a core chemistry skill?

3. Draw the Lewis structure for hydrogen, the simplest molecule and explain the drawing.

4. Draw the Lewis structure for PCl3, phosphorus trichloride, the chemical used commercially to prepare insecticides and flame retardants. Explain the drawing.

5. Draw the Lewis structure for HCN, which has a triple bond. Explain the drawing.

6. How do you know when you need to add one or more multiple bonds to complete a Lewis structure?

Analyze the experimental error cause and size of errors and their impact.

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Dry lab report on (Preparation of Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate)

You should be able to work out a percentage yield for your virtual experiment using the data. You can then compare yield, MP/BP and IR to the expected results in literature.

Background on the molecule you have chosen to synthesize

Mechanism for the synthesis reaction – a diagram and your understanding of it.

Important theory behind the experiment

Should include the following

Method should cover both the synthesis of the molecule and purification of it from any impurities.

Comparison of method or part of method to at least one alternative

Demonstrate understanding of why each step is being carried out

Considerations of Health and safety issues (major points should be clear in the method but an appendix at the end of the report for all chemicals used in the experiment, this includes products and impurities).

Detail of the method you have chosen so that someone else could replicate the method

Results (20%)

Your report should include the following:

Percentage yield calculations using your set of dry data, see separate data sheet for your data set.

Analysis of IR results for your compound including identification of key peaks and possible impurities. This can be for the product and starting compounds.

Analysis of melting point/boiling point data

Discussion and Conclusion (30%)

Should include the following:

Compare results with what you expected to get

Analyze the experimental error cause and size of errors and their impact.

How they could be avoided?

What do the results mean? – link them back to the theory

How do they compare with others work? This should be referenced sources not other data in the results for students.

Link your results back to your objective in your introduction.

Discuss the strengths and limitations of your experiment

Convert the absorbance of all the other samples to glucose concentration, Explain the meaning of all the concentrations found in point 6-

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Calculations

1-Calculate the concentration of Glucose in each of the tubes used for the standard curve.(the initial concentration is 2.5mM so you can calculate the final concentration in each of 6 pair of tubes)

2–Calculate the average of each duplicate (pair) assay you have carried out

3–Subtract from all the above averages,the average of the sample of the standard curve that contained no glucose. This is referred to as background because the absorbance in this tube is not due to glucose.

4–Plot glucose concentration (X axis) vs. optical absorbance (Y axis) (use the average values calculated above). Draw a line of best fit and show the fit equation.

5–Calculate the glucose concentration of unknown A and B by reading from the line of best fit. (Remember that B was diluted 20 times). Show how to calculate those concentrations.

6–Convert the absorbance of all the other samples to glucose concentration

7–Explain the meaning of all the concentrations found in point 6–

Identify at least three oxidizers used at this MPP facility, and discuss their potential hazards to human health and the environment.

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BOS 3640 Interactions of Hazardous Material

Your MPP management team is not familiar with the requirements of OSHA’s PSM standard. Although it will be several weeks before OSHA provides the formal PSM inspection report and findings, you plan to proactively schedule an internal follow-up meeting with your management team and operations supervisors to prepare them for what to expect, including possible citations and fines for violations of the PSM standard. At a minimum, the questions below need to be addressed at this meeting.

Discuss the purpose of OSHA’s PSM standard, including why it was initially implemented and its scope. Explain why MPP’s pulp mill manufacturing process is considered a covered facility under OSHA’s PSM standard. Identify which hazardous material(s) used at the pulp mill facility exceed the threshold quantities (TQ) shown in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.119 Appendix A.

Describe an oxidizer. Identify at least three oxidizers used at this MPP facility, and discuss their potential hazards to human health and the environment. Based on the OSHA 8-hour permissible exposure limit (PEL)/time-weighted average (TWA) for your three identified oxidizers, which one would pose the greatest threat to human health? Explain why, and elaborate on how you should respond if this oxidizer is accidentally released.

Review the OSHA inspector’s preliminary observations, and provide recommendations regarding how MPP can improve their compliance with at least three elements of OSHA’s PSM standard. Each recommendation you provide must discuss the noncompliance issue(s) observed, the specific PSM standard requirement, and what program changes need to be implemented to improve your company’s PSM compliance.

Your paper must be at least three pages in length, not including your title page and references page. You are required to cite the course textbook, the OSHA PSM standard, and at least two other sources in your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced. Paraphrased or quoted materials must have accompanying in-text citations and references in APA format. Please adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment.

How would you calculate the precision of the glassware used in the experiment?

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Experiment

PART 2 – Percentage error of a pipette
Volume dispensed from the pipette =
Weight of the beaker =
Weight of the beaker + water =
Weight of water =
Density of the water =
True volume (from the calculation) =
Show work below:
=
Percentage error (show work below) =

PART 3 – Percentage error of a burette
Volume dispensed from the burette =
Weight of the beaker =
Weight of the beaker + water =
Weight of water =
Density of the water =
True volume (from the calculation) =
Show work below:
=
Percentage error (show work below) =

Post-lab questions
From the glassware that you used in the experiment, which one has the lowest percent error?

If you want to measure 16.00 mL of a solution, accurately, which glassware would you choose?

In this experiment, we did not use the average values for the mass or the volume of water that was dispensed from the glassware. However, in real experiments, average values are used. Why do we usually use the average values instead of a single value?

How would you calculate the precision of the glassware used in the experiment?

What are chemical compounds? State 20 chemicals used in water treatment along with their chemical formula.

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water chemistry

Define the following terms:
a. Chemistry
b. Chemical Substance
c. Matter
d. Atom
e. Element
f. Compound
What are chemical compounds? State 20 chemicals used in water treatment along with their chemical formula.

What is a molecule and its properties ? Explain.

State and explain three theories that explain acid-behavior ?

What is alkalinity of water? When alkalinity measurements are used?

Explain what water hardness is and how a water softener works

How does water hardness occur? state and explain various types of water hardness?

What is water softening? Explain two principle methods of water softening?

What are commonly found water quality problems? Explain

Define the following terms:

a. Disinfection byproducts,

b. Haloacetic acids,

c. Iron bacteria,

d. Volatile organic compounds.

Explain the effects of radiation on DNA. Describe how the changes in DNA can become cancerous.

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Prepare a full 2 pg paper in which you analyze the effects of ionizing radiation on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to provide a chemical reason as to why this might cause cancer. In your paper, include the following items:
o Describe alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
o Analyze the chemistry of DNA.
o Explain the effects of radiation on DNA.
o Describe how the changes in DNA can become cancerous.

Discuss Four Small Adjustments That Will have A huge impact In your 30 Year Fixed Mortgage Rates.

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Discuss Four Small Adjustments That Will have A huge impact In your 30 Year Fixed Mortgage Rates.