Determine structure based on mass spec, IR, 13C NMR, and H NMR. Identify fragments.

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ORGANIC CHEM:

Determine structure based on mass spec, IR, 13C NMR, and H NMR. Identify fragments.

Convert isolated eugenol to an ester on a small scale, and purify by recrystallization. Characterize the product by infrared spectrometry, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Compare the analytical data of your product with that of your starting material, eugenol.

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Organic Chemistry I

ASSIGNMENT: Convert isolated eugenol to an ester on a small scale, and purify by recrystallization. Characterize the product by infrared spectrometry, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Compare the analytical data of your product with that of your starting material, eugenol.

What is the molarity of H3PO4? What is the mole fraction of urea, CO(NH2)2, in a solution prepared by dissolving 5.6 g of urea in 30.1 g of methanol, CH3OH? How will an understanding of this concept help you in your healthcare career?

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Discussion question 1

A concentrated phosphoric acid solution is 85.5% H3PO4 by mass and has a density of 1.69 g/mL at 25°C. What is the molarity of H3PO4? What is the mole fraction of urea, CO(NH2)2, in a solution prepared by dissolving 5.6 g of urea in 30.1 g of methanol, CH3OH? How will an understanding of this concept help you in your healthcare career?

Choose an article involving chemistry published within the last six months. Explain how a chemistry topic learned in the course can be used to understand the chemistry behind this article.

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DISCUSSION

Choose an article involving chemistry published within the last six months. Explain how a chemistry topic learned in the course can be used to understand the chemistry behind this article.

Harold and Erma started by taking a melting point of their solid, unknown X. However, when interpreting their data, is the melting or boiling point of the unknown going to be the piece of data that they use first to begin to identify the unknown? Explain.

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Organic Chemistry I 

LAB NOTEBOOK Set–Up Week 2
Clerical data, especially date, name, and partner’s name.
Hypothesis – For Week 2 of this lab, please write a hypothesis about how useful H–NMR will be for helping to determine the types of hydrogen atoms present in your compounds.

Pre–Lab Questions Week 2 – Do on separate sheet, not in Lab Notebook

  1. During last week’s lab, Harold and Erma started by taking a melting point of their solid, unknown X. However, when interpreting their data, is the melting or boiling point of the unknown going to be the piece of data that they use first to begin to identify the unknown? Explain.
  2. What did the IR spectra tell you about your solid?
  3. What did the IR spectra tell you about your liquid?

• Experimental Plan – Use the Experimental directions below to write a plan for the work you need to do in Week 1’s lab session
• Data – Create spaces in your notebook to record all the data you will collect.


LAB NOTEBOOK Set–Up Week 3
Clerical data, especially date, name, and partner’s name.
Hypothesis – For Week 3 of this lab, please write a hypothesis about how useful Mass Spec will be for helping to determine the types of functional groups present in your compounds.

Pre–Lab Questions Week 3 – Do on separate sheet, not in Lab Notebook

  1. During last week’s lab, you obtained H–NMR spectra. Copy the following table twice and fill it in once for your liquid unknown and again for your solid unknown.

Chemical
Shift
Area Relative
Area
Possible
# of H
Observed
Splitting
# of
Neighbors
Possible types of H

2. What possible structures or structural fragments are suggested by your H–NMR?

3. Harold and Erma started by taking a melting point of their solid, unknown X. However, when interpreting their data, is the melting or boiling point of the unknown going to be the piece of data that they use first to begin to identify the unknown? Explain.

Compound UWT-S (C8H16) reacts with one mole of bromine to form product C8H16Br2. Compound UWT-S has the broadband proton-decoupled 13C-NMR spectrum shown below. The number of protons attached to each carbon, as determined by DEPT, is in the boxes next to each peak. Propose a structure for UWT-S.

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Problem Set (PS) K3 – 13C–NMR Spectroscopy & Mass Spec Smith Sections A & C (15 points)

Other Problems – Gradable

1. Draw all possible constitutional isomers of C5H11Br and for each indicate how many different kinds of carbons (unique carbons) are present in each structure. [Hint: There should be at least 8 constitutional isomers.)

2. Explain in detail how you would distinguish between the following set of constitutional isomers using 13C–NMR.

3. Compound UWT–S (C8H16) reacts with one mole of bromine to form product C8H16Br2. Compound UWT–S has the broadband proton–decoupled 13C–NMR spectrum shown below. The number of protons attached to each carbon, as determined by DEPT, is in the boxes next to each peak. Propose a structure for UWT–S.

4. In the mass spectrum of 2,6–dimethyl–4–heptanol there are prominent peaks at m/z =87, 111, and 126.
a). At what m/z value would you find the molecular ion for this compound?
b) Propose reasonable structures for the fragment ions observed.

In the collection of the rate data for the experiment, when do START TIME and STOP TIME occur for each kinetic trial in Table 24.1? What is the color of the solution at STOP TIME?

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Experiment 24 Prelaboratory Assignment

A Rate Law and Activation Energy

1. Three data plots are required for analyzing the data in this experiment, two plots from the kinetic trials outlined in Table 24.1 and one plot from Part E. From each data plot, a value is determined toward the completion of the analysis of the kinetic study for the reaction of r with H202. Complete the table in order to focus the analysis.

Source of Data                  y-axis label            x-axis label             Data to be obtained from the data plot           

Table 24.1, trials 1-4

Table 24.1, trials 1, 5-7

Part E

2. a. In the collection of the rate data for the experiment, when do START TIME and STOP TIME occur for each kinetic trial in Table 24.1?

b. What is the color of the solution at STOP TIME?

c. What is the chemical reaction that accounts for the color of the solution at STOP TIME?

 

3. In the kinetic analysis of this experiment for the reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide, state the purpose for each of the following solutions (see Table 24.1): a. deionized water

b. buffer solution (acetic acid, sodium acetate mixture)

 

4. From the following data plot, calculate the activation energy, E„, for the reaction.

Arrhenius Plot for a Chemical Reaction
3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 —5.50 —6.00 —6.50 —TOO ▪ —T50 E —8.00 —8.50 —9.00 —9.50 —10.00  111-(K) x 103
Experiment 24 287

After reading and studying chapter 21 in your textbook, think about impact of application of radioactivity or nuclear reactions to the environment.

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Discussion- Chem 122

After reading and studying chapter 21 in your textbook, think about impact of application of radioactivity or nuclear reactions to the environment (be specific here – chose one particular application of nuclear chemistry to discuss). Present your opinion and support it by citing at least one reliable/credible source from scientific literature (mandatory cite your source).

Also, chapter 21 is from the textbook Chemistry: Molecular Approach by Nivaldo J. Tro

Study the effect on the rate of this reaction of changes in the concentration or temperature of the hydrochloric acid.

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REACTION BETWEEN MARBLE CHIPS AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Choose one of these experiments for your laboratory report:
a The effect of concentration OR a The effect of temperature for your laboratory report The rate of a particular chemical reaction (how much product is formed/reactant is consumed per unit time) depends on a number of factors: concentration of reactants, temperature, catalysts, pressure or degree of subdivision of reactant.’ When marble chips react with hydrochloric acid carbon dioxide is released. The gas that is released can be collected during the reaction and the rate of reaction determined.

In this experiment you will study the effect on the rate of this reaction of changes in the concentration or temperature of the hydrochloric acid.

Your laboratory report should be more than just a copy of the instructions together with any results you have obtained. They should form a record so that you, or any other person, could repeat the experiment taking note of your observations, results, and conclusions. Your laboratory report should include:
Introduction Background: You may find it helpful to ‘set the scene’ by introducing key theoretical ideas relevant to the practical or to link the experiment to significant examples in our everyday lives. Aims/objectives. (20 marks)

WHO FIRST MADE THIS DRUG, WHO WERE THE EARLIEST USERS- WHEN DID THIS DRUG GO INTO WIDE USE? WHEN WAS IT PATENTED? FDA APPROVED?

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IMITREX

  1. INTRODUCTION – WHAT THIS DRUG IS FOR AND WHAT IT DOES
  2. HISTORY- WHO FIRST MADE THIS DRUG, WHO WERE THE EARLIEST USERS- WHEN DID THIS DRUG GO INTO WIDE USE? WHEN WAS IT PATENTED? FDA APPROVED?
  3. CLASSIFICATION OF THE DRUG– IS IT A BARBITURATE? IS IT AN ANALGESTIC?- DEFINE THE CLASS EXPLAIN WHAT A BARBITURATE OR ANAGESIC OR WHAT YOUR CLASS OF DRUG IS.
  4. GENERICS- ALL OTHER NAMES USED- ALL DRUGS IN SAME CLASS
  5. HOW IS THIS DRUG MADE– WHAT IS THE BASE STRUCTURE FOR THIS DRUG, FOR EXAMPLE, IF ITS’ A MORPHINE DERVIATIVE SHOW US THE POPPY THE MOLECULE AND WHERE IT IS FOUND. -SHOW DRUGS THAT HAVE SIMILAR CHEMICAL STRUCTURES TO THE DRUG YOU ARE PRESENTING ON. SHOW THE ACTUAL CHEMICAL STRUCTURE.
  6. PROS AND CONS TO THIS DRUG– WHY WOULD SOMEONE CHOOSE THIS DRUG OVER ANOTHER IN THE SAME CLASS? WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?- SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM SIDE EFFECTS. IS IT TERATOGENIC? WHAT DOES THIS MEAN ? CONTRAINDICATIONS?