Describe the molecular geometry and hybridization of the N, P, or S atoms in each of the following compounds. (a) H3PO4, phosphoric acid, used in cola soft drinks (b) NH4NO3, ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer and explosive (c) S2Cl2, disulfur dichloride, used in vulcanizing rubber (d) K4[O3POPO3], potassium pyrophosphate, an ingredient in some toothpastes.

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9/10 lab

2. Draw a curve that describes the energy of a system with H and Cl atoms at varying distances. Then, find the minimum energy of this curve two ways. (a) Use the bond energy found in Table 8.1 to calculate the energy for one single HCl bond (Hint: How many bonds are in a mole?) (b) Use the enthalpy of reaction and the bond energies for H2 and Cl2 to solve for the energy of one mole of HCl bonds. H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ 2HCl(g) ΔHrxn ° = −184.7 kJ/mol

28. Describe the molecular geometry and hybridization of the N, P, or S atoms in each of the following compounds. (a) H3PO4, phosphoric acid, used in cola soft drinks (b) NH4NO3, ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer and explosive (c) S2Cl2, disulfur dichloride, used in vulcanizing rubber (d) K4[O3POPO3], potassium pyrophosphate, an ingredient in some toothpastes.

Using the Bohr model, calculate the radius for the electron in the n=1 energy level for a hydrogen atom (1 proton and 1 electron) and a helium cation (2 protons, 2 neutrons and 1 electron). Explain why the radii are either the same or different.

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Physical chemistry foe biochemistry II

  1. (25 pts) Using the Bohr model, calculate the radius for the electron in the n=1 energy level for a hydrogen atom (1 proton and 1 electron) and a helium cation (2 protons, 2 neutrons and 1 electron). Explain why the radii are either the same or different.
  2. (20 pts) Explain the difference between an eigenvalue and an expectation value (<3-5 sentences).
  3. (25 pts) What is the kinetic energy for a proton with the following wavefunction? (Hint: the ‘m-1’ in the wavefunction is the unit of ‘meter’ to the power of -1)
  1. (20 pts) Calculate the expectation value for the ‘F’ operator given the following wavefunction and relationships.
  2. (10 pts) The particle in a 1D box has an infinite potential, V = ∞, at x < 0 and x > L. A modified particle in a 1D box additionally has an infinite potential at exactly x = L / 2. Using equations, show how this modifies the eigenfunctions and energy levels.

|Ψ(x)⟩ = 1

3 cos(3m −1 x)

|ψ⟩ = c|φ1⟩ + 2c|φ2 ⟩

̂

F|φ1⟩ = 1 ⋅ |φ2⟩

̂

F|φ2⟩ = 0

c* = c

⟨φi | φj ⟩ = 0 when i ≠ j

⟨φi | φj ⟩ = 1 when i = j

 

 

 

Using robust details and ample evidence, create a reflection essay that describes 4 learning objectives you met while performing this experiment.

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Reflection essay

Using robust details and ample evidence, create a reflection essay that describes 4 learning objectives you met while performing this experiment. View the learning objectives from the lab manual provided and select four to focus your writing on.

 

 

Draw the structure of stilbene oxide on the NMR spectrum printout. Label it with a formula or letter that matches the structure that you drew in the previous step.

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Annotating 1H NMR spectrum and C-13 NMR spectra of stilbene oxide

  1. Draw the structure of stilbene oxide on the NMR spectrum printout.
  2. For each signal
  3. Label it with a formula or letter that matches the structure that you drew in the previous step. The goal is to indicate which Hs (or Cs, for C-13 NMR) cause each signal.
  4. Describe its multiplicity (singlet, doublet, triplet, doublet of doublets, multiplet, etc.)

 

Is the number of total atoms on the left side of a balanced equation always equal to the number of total atoms on the right side of the equation? What is the same on the left and right side of a balanced equation? Explain your answer.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Load the simulation Balancing Chemical Equations http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balancing-chemical-equations

Critical Thinking Questions

Explore the Balancing Chemical Equations simulation.

  • What are the different ways that the simulation indicates when an equation is balanced?

For each balanced reaction, indicate the total number of molecules in the table below.

Reaction Total Number of Molecules
  Reactant Side (Left) Product Side (Right)
Make Ammonia    
Separate Water    
Combust Methane    

Is the number of total molecules on the left side of a balanced equation always equal to the number of total molecules on the right side of the equation?  Explain your answer.

For each balanced reaction, indicate the total number of atoms in the table below.

Reaction Total Number of Atoms
  Reactant Side (Left) Product Side (Right)
Make Ammonia    
Separate Water    
Combust Methane    

 

Is the number of total atoms on the left side of a balanced equation always equal to the number of total atoms on the right side of the equation?

What is the same on the left and right side of a balanced equation?  Explain your answer.

Play level 1 of the balancing equation game. Write down the strategies you used to balance chemical equations.

Start level 2 of the balancing equation game using your strategies from Level 1, and adding new strategies as needed.

 

In the simulation, were you able to use noninteger numbers (like ½ or 0.43) for the coefficients in a balanced equation?         Why do you think this is?

 

  • Which of the following are coefficients you could use in a balanced equation?

☐ ½           ☐ ¾     ☐ 1     ☐ 2     ☐ 6   ☐ 9

 

  • If you were balancing an equation containing the O2 molecule, which of the following would be correct representations of O2 and its coefficient?

☐ ½O2           ☐ O2           ☐ 3O2         ☐ 6O2         ☐ 3O       ☐ 5O3

 

What do you have to do to the coefficients of equation I below to get to equation II?

  • 2 SnO2 + 4 H2 🡪  2 Sn + 4 H2O
  • SnO2 +  2 H2  🡪   Sn +  2 H2O

 

Both equation I and II are balanced, but is equation I the only correct way to write the balanced equation?

 

Can you divide equation II by another factor and still have it be correct? Why or why not?

 

In a complete sentence, write down a method you could use to determine if an equation is written in the correct way.

 

Write a research paper of 2-3 pages of discussion in APA format on the topic below.

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Exercise Content

The lipid panel of a blood test measures the total cholesterol in blood. This consists of the four types of lipids in blood, which include those considered as “good” and “bad” cholesterol. Besides, the body stores excess calories by creating triacylglycerols, which are stored in fat cells. The amounts of lipids in the human body are very important since researchers suggest that saturated fats and cholesterol are associated with diseases.

Write a research paper of 2-3 pages of discussion in APA format on the topic below. Be sure to use at least two reliable sources to document the information provided, including the textbook and a source from LIRN (see rubric on Blackboard for more details). “Types of lipids, their structures, functions in the body, and health effects

 

Create a typed document that has a separate Cover Page with your name, date, and project title.

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Dinosaur Dimensional Dissection – Dinosaur Disappearance assignment.

Note: For this project, you will access a Quiz to generate values you will use in some calculations, along with Discussion Topic where you will claim Ion combinations you’ll use as well.

Review the Rubric attached to this Assignment Submission folder.
Create a typed document that has a separate Cover Page with your name, date, and project title.
Type and label all of your answers, numbering them as the questions are numbered in the assignment.
Include an explanation of your work as you go, noting why you are executing an operation or step.
Cite all the sources you used to complete the assignment in APA format, with in-text citations.
Show all work mathematically, and use an equation editor to create conversion factors (like this/over this) to show the progression of your calculations.

Video: How to use the equation editor in Word.

What are the three compounds/molecules you modeled this week? Where did you find their critical point data? Are gases expected to act less ideal at high or low pressure? Why?

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DISCUSSION ESSAY

Answer the following questions with respect to your completed excel data from this week. Answer to the best of your ability, sometimes you are being asked what you think. Cite any resources that you use.

  1. What are the three compounds/molecules you modeled this week? Where did you find their critical point data?
  2. Are gases expected to act less ideal at high or low pressure? Why?
  3. How did the “idealness” of each gas change with increasing pressure? How about increasing molar volume? Does this make sense?
  4. Which of your three gases behaved the most ideally? What data did you use to come to that conclusion? What physical properties of that gas might indicate that it would have behaved the most ideally (size, polarity, etc)?
  5. Which of your three gases behaved the least ideally? What data did you use to come to that conclusion? What physical properties of that gas might indicate that it would have behaved the least ideally (size, polarity, etc)?

 

Determine the concentration of caffeine in caffeinated beverages and compare that to the ones reported on the label.

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Determination of Caffeine Content in caffeinated beverages using HPLC

Introduction:
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) a purine alkaloid is the principle stimulating constituent in 60 plant species including tea, coffee, cocoa and so on. Besides tea and coffee, caffeine is also very widely consumed through a wide range of dietary products, like cocoa beverages, energy drinks, soft drinks etc. Caffeine is a white, odourless powder with a slightly bitter taste. As a derivative of the xanthine nucleus, caffeine has pharmacological properties. It is a central nervous system and metabolic stimulant and is used both recreationally and medically to reduce physical fatigue and restore alertness when drowsiness occurs. It produces increased wakefulness, faster and clearer flow of thought, increased focus, and better general body coordination. Caffeine does not accumulate in the body over time and is normally excreted within several hours of consumption.

Objective:
To determine the concentration of caffeine in caffeinated beverages and compare that to the ones reported on the label.

Experimental setup:
The following were the HPLC conditions:

At the end of each experiment you will get 5 research questions that must be answered. Each question will prompt for either a short response or discussion answer. A short response question can be answered in a few sentences while the discussion questions will require more in-depth discussion of the prompt. Utilization of outside references is recommended but please remember to include in text citations and citations in ACS formatting to receive full credit.

Write the balanced, nuclear equation for the positron emission from the Thallium-201 radioisotope. What are the four common types of radioactive decay?

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Chem homework unit 3

Before attempting the homework assignment, you are encouraged to view the Unit III Handout for additional help. The knowledge checks in the handout are designed to provide practice on math-heavy portions of your quizzes and homework assignments.
Solve the following problems, showing your work for all steps involved.
Write the balanced, nuclear equation for the positron emission from the Thallium-201 radioisotope.
What are the four common types of radioactive decay? Detail the differences between them. Include a detailed comparison, including penetrating power and energy. Include a balanced, nuclear equation with each as well.
What are the two types of nuclear reactions? Give an example of a balanced nuclear reaction for each type.

Use these questions as subheadings followed by your answers. This is not an APA paper, and as such, the title and reference pages are not required. Submit your answers in a Word document in Blackboard for grading