Comparing and contrasting two kinds of gun violence, define ‘victimization’ and ‘trauma’ in the context of gun violence. What is the reach of victimization, and what forms does trauma take? How should this inform interventions aimed at addressing gun violence?

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Criminal Justice Question

Part I: Long Answer Question (Fifty Points) Write an integrated essay based on evidence from the course; define all terms; and illustrate your key points (offering examples; showing you can work with the terms/concepts) in the space provided.

Comparing and contrasting two kinds of gun violence, define ‘victimization’ and ‘trauma’ in the context of gun violence. What is the reach of victimization, and what forms does trauma take? How should this inform interventions aimed at addressing gun violence?

 

Question 2 (20 points)

Fill-in-the-Blank (Two Points Each; Twenty Points Total). Use a term from the bank below to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences.  Be sure to choose the concept that best fits from the choices below.

  1. _______________ is a term developed by a sociologist to describe shootings that take place in a public place that are neither revenge shootings nor terrorist attacks.
  2. _______________ is significant with respect to gun research because one of its unintended consequences was the passage of 3. _______________.

Provided that due process standards are met, 4. _______________ prohibits gun possession for individuals—including public law enforcement—under a restraining order due to domestic violence.

Some argue that the distinction between gun homicides and assaults with a firearm as acts of criminal intent is somewhat arbitrary in that this difference more so reflects the level of medical care available to the victim rather than a difference in the perpetrator’s intention. This is an example of the 5. _______________.

Laws that allow law enforcement to seize firearms from persons deemed a danger to themselves or others are known as 6. _______________. (Hint: Governor Ducey supported these laws after the Parkland shooting but then eschewed them in 2020.)

Though it is a subjective experience, 7. _______________ is a response to objective conditions.

The 8._______________ was a watershed massacre for a variety of reasons; one, according to Fox & Newman (2009), is that it provided a cultural script for subsequent active shootings.

When purchasing a firearm from a federally licensed firearms dealer, it is a federal offense to lie on 9. _______________, which is filled out prior to a federal background check that uses the 10. _______________ database.

 

Work Bank

  • Active Shooting
  • Columbine Active Shooting
  • Dickey Amendment
  • Form 4473
  • Instrumentality Effect
  • Intimate Massacre
  • Mass Killing
  • Kellerman et al. (1993)
  • Lautenberg Amendment
  • NICS
  • Red Flag Laws
  • Trauma
  • Violence Against Women Act

Question 2 options:

Blank # 1
Blank # 2
Blank # 3
Blank # 4
Blank # 5
Blank # 6
Blank # 7
Blank # 8
Blank # 9
Blank # 10

Question 3 (2 points)

Multiple Choice (Two Points Each; Thirty Points Total). Choose the best answer for each multiple choice below. Mark your choice clearly; unmarked or ambiguously marked answers will not earn credit.

What is the Dickey Amendment?

Question 3 options:

An Arizona law requiring that concealed carriers disclose whether they are armed
A law currently under consideration by US Congress to make concealed carry licenses recognized across US states
An executive order that prohibited the use of National Institute of Justice funds for research that promotes or advocates for gun rights
A law that expands the police’s ability to seize guns from someone at risk of suicide
None of the above

Question 4 (2 points)

Form 4473 (or its electronic equivalent) is required…

Question 4 options:

Only for fully automatic firearms, according to the Firearms Owners Protection Act
Only for magazines holding more than 10 rounds
For firearms purchases from a Federal Firearms License holder, such as a gun shop
Only for firearms purchased in California
For all firearms purchases, including private sales

Question 5 (2 points)

Which of the following describes the ecological fallacy?

Question 5 options:

The reasoning behind whether background checks reduce crime
The Farmer’s Almanac’s recommendation about the best time of year to go hunting
A hypothesis that identifies the key factors within a social setting (an ‘ecology’) that drive violent crime up
Another name for gun trauma
None of the above answers correctly describes the ecological fallacy

Question 6 (2 points)

According to Newman & Fox (2009), the __________ shooting matters for explaining subsequent mass shootings because it provided shooters with a cultural script.

Question 6 options:

Columbine
Aurora
Las Vegas
Sandy Hook
Parkland

Question 7 (2 points)

___________ account for the most gun deaths in the US.

Question 7 options:

Justifiable Homicides
Negligent Discharges
Felonious Homicides
Suicides
Mass Shootings

Question 8 (2 points)

Which of the following may result from living in a neighborhood with high rates of gun violence?

Question 8 options:

Long-term increase in risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Short-term decrease in reading comprehension
Long-term increase in risk of poor health
Long-term increase in anxiety
All of the above

Question 9 (2 points)

Rebecca files a restraining order against John, both of whom live in Arizona. The order does not specifically stipulate that John surrenders his firearm. John decides not to contest the order, and he does not relinquish his handgun. Which of the following is true?

Question 9 options:

John has violated Federal law by not relinquishing his firearm.
John has violated state law by not relinquishing his firearm.
John has not violated Arizona or Federal by possessing his firearm because without a hearing, the restraining order procedures do not meet due process standards.
Rebecca is required to obtain an emergency concealed pistol license as part of Arizona’s efforts to combat domestic violence
None of the above

Question 10 (2 points)

Which of the following best describes the process by which mental health records are included in NICS?

Question 10 options:

It is entirely up to the discretion of mental health professionals whether to report mental health-related issues to the authorities, whether state or federal.
The federal government incentivizes (but can not require) states to report mental health data to NICS; states themselves vary in terms of whether they authorize versus require mental health professionals to report, whether they report to state versus federal databases, and the required timeline in reporting.
If someone is diagnosed with a particular mental illness, their name and information must be immediately uploaded into the national NICS system under the penalty of a federal felony.
While the federal government does not have authority to require states to adopt a standardized reporting procedure, all 50 states have agreed to be part of the “Mental Health & Gun Violence Prevention Pact,” which means they have all adopted the same standards of reporting to NICS.

Question 11 (2 points)

Gun homicide rates track firearm availability; rates of homicide by other means are not correlated with firearm availability. This is an example of:

Question 11 options:

The Instrumentality Effect
The War Zone Mentality
The Ecological Fallacy
Gun Violence as a Contagious Disease
The Code of the Street

Question 12 (2 points)

Since 2020, gun crime…

Question 12 options:

has fallen to unprecedented levels
has sharply increased
has increased except for gun homicides
has remained relatively unchanged
None of the above; existing data on gun crime are unreliable.

Question 13 (2 points)

California’s ____________ is a unique database that tracks people who formerly possessed registered firearms in California but have since been barred from owning or purchasing guns.

Question 13 options:

Lautenberg Amendment
Roberti-Roos Act
NICS
Armed and Prohibited Persons System
Gun Control Act

Question 14 (2 points)

Which of the following kinds of records appear in NICS?

Question 14 options:

Mental Health
Criminal
Immigration
All of the above
None of the above

Question 15 (2 points)

Although active shootings are _________ reported in the media, they comprise a ________ proportion of total gun deaths.

Question 15 options:

Widely; large
Rarely; large
Never; large
Widely; small but impactful
Rarely; small but impactful

Question 16 (2 points)

Sixteen years after the Dickey Amendment was passed, former Representative Jay Dickey called for…

Question 16 options:

Scientific research on ways to prevent firearm deaths
A ban on federally funded gun violence research
Defunding of the CDC
Defunding of the DOJ
An increase in the federal funding of research on traffic deaths

Question 17 (2 points)

According to the movie The Interrupters, which best describes the point when the Violence Interrupters intervene?

Question 17 options:

Before violence results in death
Before violence leads to grievances
Before grievances lead to death
Before depression leads to death
Before conflicts and grievances erupt into violence

 

Review the additional resource materials for Chapter 6.Write a 3 page essay about what the main concepts in the material in this chapter.

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Critical Theories

Read Chapter 6

Review the additional resource materials for Chapter 6.

Write a 3 page essay about what the main concepts in the material in this chapter.

Add a personal statement of what you think of what you learned.
https://online.bhcc.edu/mod/resource/view.php?id=1827464

Write a five (5) page minimum, DOUBLE SPACED, 12-FONT TIMES ROMAN paper with references and sources cited in APA format. Your cover sheet and your source citing/references are NOT included in the five page minimum.

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How to recognize child neglect.

Write a five (5) page minimum, DOUBLE SPACED, 12-FONT TIMES ROMAN paper with references and sources cited in APA format. Your cover sheet and your source citing/references are NOT included in the five page minimum.

Your grade will depend upon the presentation of your analysis and research, the quality of the work presented – whether you give a detailed presentation or a vague overview, whether you addressed all parts of the question asked, and how you support your argument/discussion – as well as the citing of a variety of sources/use of references and whether you met the mandatory minimum page requirement. Please make sure to use AT LEAST five (5) sources for your research.

The paper should be written using APA Format. Please make sure you review your paper for spelling, grammar, and format and plagiarism errors before submitting it. Remember that the paper should be typed in Microsoft Word and submitted as an attachment. Your paper will not receive a grade until it is submitted properly. If you need assistance, please let me know.

Discuss the importance of educating children on issues; such as, stranger danger, special needs, and gender issues.

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DISCUSSION ESSAY

Discuss the importance of educating children on issues; such as, stranger danger, special needs, and gender issues.

There are 4 philosophical orientations of corrections: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Define each, then explain which is most likely to reduce recidivism in America and why.

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Module 5

There are 4 philosophical orientations of corrections: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Define each, then explain which is most likely to reduce recidivism in America and why. You are welcome to use more than one in your explanation.

With the most current data from NCVS, evaluate and explain if the trend data compiled from the Crime in the United States’ website is contrary or consistent with the information given by the NCVS. What is the unit of analysis? How can you conclude if the data is valid and reliable?

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Crime Victimization Report

Read the Crime Victimization Report – https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv11.pdf.

The data collection on this report has been obtained from the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). With the most current data from NCVS, evaluate and explain if the trend data compiled from the Crime in the United States’ website is contrary or consistent with the information given by the NCVS. What is the unit of analysis? How can you conclude if the data is valid and reliable?

Your paper must be concise, well written, should be 2-3 pages in length (not counting cover and references) and conform to APA guidelines. To support your statements, cite a minimum of 2 scholarly journal sources that are not provided or linked in this course. The is very useful to find this type of scholarly sources.

Review the additional resource materials for Chapter 6. Write a 3 page essay about what the main concepts in the material.

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Assignment: Chapter 6: Critical Theories

Read Chapter 6

Review the additional resource materials for Chapter 6.

Write a 3 page essay about what the main concepts in the material in this chapter are;

Add a personal statemehttps://online.bhcc.edu/mod/resource/view.php?id=1827464nt of what you think of what you learned.

Illustrate how we know that this is an accurate statement. Present an example of a widely-held myth or misconception about crime and society. Determine how we know that this is a myth. Explain why this myth is so difficult to abandon.

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Myths and Reality of Crime

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, watch Crimes of the Powerful, available through the Films on Demand database in the University of Arizona Global Campus Library. Additionally, read Chapters 5 and 6 from the textbook. Our justice system tends to focus on street crime, often ignoring much more significant problems such as white-collar, corporate, and state crime. The video also discusses euthanasia, although the point of this reference is to illustrate how the law can be used as a tool for social change. The video also discusses moral values with a focus on media coverage of harm to children. Laws have changed in direct response to these incidents and the resulting media coverage. In effect, this coverage becomes an engine for social change. The video ends with a discussion of crime theory, reminding us that many criminological theories fall short when applied to people with wealth and high status. Write a paper discussing the myths and realities of crime.

In your paper,

Imagine asking 100 strangers to describe a criminal.
Predict whether those descriptions would be likely to focus on street criminals, or the variety of topics covered in the Crimes of the Powerful.
Evaluate how society defines crime.
Do not provide a definition – instead, explain how the definition is reached.
Present a clear statement about a particular crime, something we know to be absolutely true.
Illustrate how we know that this is an accurate statement.
Present an example of a widely-held myth or misconception about crime and society.
Determine how we know that this is a myth. Explain why this myth is so difficult to abandon.

How have media, including, but not limited to, traditional mass media and social media, and images of policing affected the public’s attitudes toward the police?

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Juvenile Justice Process 1 & 2 (Juveniles and the Police, Intake, Juvenile Court and Detention)

  1. How have media, including, but not limited to, traditional mass media and social media, and images of policing affected the public’s attitudes toward the police?
  2. Find a negatively or positively reported national or local news about juveniles encounter the police in the community.

 

What exceptions would you consider adding to the exclusionary rule? What exceptions would you consider removing from the exclusionary rule?

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Exclusionary Rule

The Exclusionary Rule supports the 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution. Judicial precedence has provided both the Exclusionary Rule and exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule. In general, conservative politicians claim that exceptions are not constitutional while progressive politicians claim that they are.
  • htps://youtu.be/bntI1MybOSM

Using your reading assignment, the content above, and what you have learned about the Exclusionary Rule, answer the following questions:
• Should the exclusionary rule be abolished? Support your position.
• What exceptions would you consider adding to the exclusionary rule?
• What exceptions would you consider removing from the exclusionary rule?