What were the gateways to Islam entering Africa? Did Islam spread through violence or peace? What impact did the Makliki School of Islamic thought have on West African Muslims? Explain the difference between submission and conversion in Islam.

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African Islamic culture

1.What were the gateways to Islam entering Africa? Did Islam spread through violence or peace?

2.What impact did the Makliki School of Islamic thought have on West African Muslims?

3.Explain the difference between submission and conversion in Islam.

4.Defined the term “Bilal al-Sudan as known as Bilal es-Sudan.

5.How did Islam create “common diaspora” and how did it connect to Sharia’ Law?

6.Name some of the impactful leaders who were Muslims?

7.Define fiqh, hajji, jihad, khalifa, mahdi, marabout, qadi, shari’a, shaykh, sufi, tariqa, wali,.

8.Explain the “Brotherhoods” and its impact on Islam in Africa.

9.Why was Uthman dan Fodio important?

10.How was Islam used to fight against colonial rule?

What were the main ideas of the paper? Do you agree with them why/why not? what is meant by the sociology of disaster? Was there anything in the reading that would be important to the average citizen?

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Drabek article of the history of sociology of disasters

Write a 1- 2 page paper dealing with this week’s reading assignment of the drabek article of the history of sociology of disasters that can be found in the resource folder, written resources. Include in your discussion ;

What were the main ideas of the paper?

Do you agree with them why/why not?

what is meant by the sociology of disaster?

Give an example in modern day of a concept discussed in the writing.

Was there anything in the reading that would be important to the average citizen?

Remember use apa ie title page, headings, include in text citations and reference page

Write 5 pages paper on Classical, Neoclassical & Italian schools of criminal justices.

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Schools of criminal justices

Write 5 pages paper on Classical, Neoclassical & Italian schools of criminal justices. Be sure to include the theories they contributed from each school of thought.

Describe in detail how and why NIBIN was developed as well has which government agency manages it. In what instances would it be used in a criminal investigation?

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Answer each question. Be sure to include scholarly references noted in proper APA format as well as in text citations to credit these sources. Direct quotes are not to be used in test answers. Roughly a page per question.

1. Explain the different categories of fibers. Provide a scenario where each of these types of fibers may be found at a crime scene and how they would be analyzed.

2. Describe in detail how and why NIBIN was developed as well has which government agency manages it. In what instances would it be used in a criminal investigation?

3. Discuss two forensic examinations (DNA analysis, ballistics, toxicology, or fingerprint analysis) used in the Michael Brown case. Be sure to address the forensic evidence that was examined and where it was located in the crime scene and what each examination revealed to investigators.

4. Explain how the use of DNA has advanced criminal justice investigations over the last few decades. Also discuss the limitations of DNA evidence.

Briefly summarize the facts of the case and the factors that contributed to the wrongful conviction in this particular case. Identify at least 2 negative consequences of this particular person’s wrongful conviction.

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Issue of wrongful conviction

In Chapter 10, students examine the issue of wrongful conviction and the many contributing factors.

First, students should view the video on wrongful conviction, as it provides a solid perspective into some of the issues relating to wrongful conviction.

Next, students need to locate a news article about a person who has been exonerated because they were wrongfully convicted.

Briefly summarize the facts of the case and the factors that contributed to the wrongful conviction in this particular case (note – there may be more than one factor).

Finally, identify at least 2 negative consequences of this particular person’s wrongful conviction.

Minimum length: 3 pages of content
At least 3 sources ( assigned book may be one source)
APA formatting, including cover page, abstract, and references (which do not count toward the 3-pages of content)

Would you advise your client to take the deal or insist on going to trial? Discuss how prosecutorial and defense attorney use of discretion may influence your decision.

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Court case

Imagine you are a lawyer representing an undocumented immigrant charged with drug smuggling. You believe that he has been set up by the police. The prosecutor offered your client a plea deal with a punishment of 2 years in prison instead of the normal 10 years for the amount he was accused of smuggling if convicted by a jury. The evidence clearly did not reflect favorably on your client.

Would you advise your client to take the deal or insist on going to trial?
Discuss how prosecutorial and defense attorney use of discretion may influence your decision.

Your response should be no less than one page long (not including the reference list), in size 12 Times New Roman Font, and double spaced. Additionally, you must include at least two extra-curricular sources in your response, at least one of which must be from a peer-reviewed academic journal. Your reference page as well as all of your in-text citations must conform to APA guidelines (hint: refer to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ to review your format before submitting).

Explain the primary differences in the types of theories that fall into each of these four groupings. As part of your response, include examples of theories that fall within each grouping, being sure to explain why those theories best align with the group you identified as opposed to another grouping.

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Juvenile delinquency

Theoretical views of juvenile delinquency can be categorized into the following groupings:

(1) Individual causes;

(2) Societal causes;

(3) Social process; and

(4) Social interaction.

Explain the primary differences in the types of theories that fall into each of these four groupings. As part of your response, include examples of theories that fall within each grouping, being sure to explain why those theories best align with the group you identified as opposed to another grouping.

Outline the reasons why you think that this is the best explanatory model and provide examples to support your argument. suggest one potential policy response that may help reduce or address the crime that you have researched.

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CRI10002: Fundamentals of Criminology Assignment 3: Research Essay

 

Word/time limit: 2000 (+/- 10%)

Weighting: 40%

The research essay marks your debut as a junior criminologist. You will select one particular type of criminal offence and choose whichever criminology theories you have studied that can best explain it. The research essay requires you to conduct research about the chosen theories and offence using different academic sources, and to analyse this research to explain the cause(s) of your chosen criminal offence.

A research essay can seem like a daunting task. Break it down using the following steps.

 

  • homicide
  • assault
  • sexual assault
  • robbery
  • theft
  • arson
  • fraud
  • embezzlement
  • stalking
  • intimate partner violence
  • drug dealing
  • drug trafficking
  • terrorism
  • kidnapping
  • hacking
  • phishing
  • shoplifting
  • identity theft
  • money laundering
  • serial rape/homicide

 

Step 2: Research further and look back at your plan

Refer back to your plan and also the further research you have conducted about your offence type since you submitted Assignment 2B: Essay Plan. Look specifically at ideas/theories concerning
why the crime occurs (causation) with regard to a particular criminology theory that we have covered during the semester (e.g. strain theory, biological determinism).

Step 3: Select your theories

Select the crime causation theories that you think best explains why and how this offence occurs. Make sure you have some good notes and planning on how the theories can best be used to explain why and how the offence occurs.

Step 4: Write the body and introduction of your essay

In your essay, you are required to explain the links between your chosen offence and the crime causation theories that you have selected. Outline the reasons why you think that this is the best explanatory model and provide examples—hypothetical or documented—to support your argument. Back up your argument with research. Use clear topic sentences to introduce each paragraph.

Many people find it easier to write the introduction after they have written the body of the essay. Remember, a good essay introduction includes a clear thesis statement.

Step 5: Policy response

In your conclusion, suggest one potential policy response that may help reduce or address the crime that you have researched. This suggestion should be broadly consistent with your theoretical analysis. For example, if you have chosen serial murder and explained it with reference to biological determinism, you may suggest brain imaging and compulsory treatment for young offenders suspected of being predisposed to violent crime.

Notes

Things to remember:

  • Take the time to plan properly.A 2000 word essay is a substantial piece of writing but, once you break it up into components pieces, it is less space than you might think. Paragraphs should generally be around 100–150 words, meaning that 15 or so decent sized paragraphs will likely make up the whole essay.
  • Back up your claims with research.This means not only making a claim, but also supporting that claim with evidence (i.e. references to scholarly sources). Good essays are well supported by research. Aim to include 1–2 references in each paragraph in the body of your essay.
  • Start writing early.A 2000 word essay takes time to put together and you may find that your approach/argument changes as you conduct your research. Leave sufficient time to make changes.
  • Use appropriate sources, particularly peer-reviewed research articles and books. You may use other sources to provide supporting information (e.g. the ABS or the Victorian Crime Statistics Agency for crime statistics). Include at least 10 referencesin your research essay. Remember that this is a research essay—we want to see how well you can find your own information. This means we want to see referencing beyond the resources that we have given to you (i.e. your course textbook and required readings).
  • Do not use non-scholarly sourcesg. random websites and Wikipedia.
  • Reference properly. The required referencing style is Swinburne Harvard, the same as your annotated bibliography and essay plan. Remember that material that is not referenced properly may breach your responsibilities regarding academic honesty.
  • Discuss your essay plan and any potential problems with your eLA. They can provide you with specific advice about your chosen topic and theory, and advise you on the best approaches to take.

Discuss the role of emotion in your approach to your hardship, identifying both negative and positive emotions and their impact on your strategy. Discuss whether or not faith or spirituality plays any role in your strategy and how its presence, or lack of it, is key to your success.

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Critical Thinking Reflective Essay

One of the characteristics of an effective critical thinker is his or her ability to develop strategies for coping with adversity rather than giving up or becoming embittered. Think of a hardship—personal, academic, or financial—that you are facing. Develop a strategy for coping with or overcoming the hardship by integrating the following components in your 4 to 5-page reflective essay.

• Explain how a Stage 1* approach in Cognitive Development applies here and identify its limitations.

• Identify at least 3 characteristics of a good critical thinker to help you overcome your hardship.

• Identify at least 3 of the more common barriers that most apply to you and how to best overcome them.

• Discuss the role of emotion in your approach to your hardship, identifying both negative and positive emotions and their impact on your strategy.

• Discuss whether or not faith or spirituality plays any role in your strategy and how its presence, or lack of it, is key to your success.

 

List the facts relevant to whether Gail and/or William Johnson’s were protected by the First Amendment. Summarize the Commonwealth’s arguments that the Johnsons’ and their friend’s conduct was cyberharassment.

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Origins: Discussion

Answer the questions regarding the specific case. Do not copy. Paraphrase and use your own words to answer.

1. List the facts relevant to whether Gail and/or William Johnson’s were protected by the First Amendment.

2. Summarize the Commonwealth’s arguments that the Johnsons’ and their friend’s conduct was cyberharassment.

3. Summarize the Johnsons’ arguments that their conduct was protected speech.

Textbook:
Samaha, Joel. Criminal Law (p. 54). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.