Do Factors such as proximity to a highly ranked university medical school, the average income of the outpatient region, and proximity to another highly ranked pediatric hospital matter?

Research Paper Essay

Do Factors such as proximity to a highly ranked university medical school, the average income of the outpatient region, and proximity to another highly ranked pediatric hospital matter?

What flow-through income should be recognized? Are there any self-employment taxes on the income and any loss limitations associated with it?

Acct PowerPoint

Your presentation will be structured as a response to a “client question”. You will develop a presentation to answer this question. Topic is Partnership Contributions)

Client senario: Client A, B and C would like to form a limited partnership with each partner owning 1/3 of the partnership. The partnership has taken a loan of $20,000 from the bank. (do PowerPoint slides on client B and C and include notes on what to say on my presentation)

  • Client A

$100,000 cash contribution

  • Client B

Contributing some land they have owned for 5 years with a basis of $ 20,000 and accounting services

  • Client C (limited partner)

Investing $100,000 into the partnership.

Client questions

  • Difference between outside and inside basis – NC
  • What is each partner’s tax basis? – NC
  • Tax implications on gains and losses on property contributions.

Client B asks if they should sell their land first and contribute the cash or contribute the land instead.

  • What flow-through income should be recognized?
  • Are there any self-employment taxes on the income and any loss limitations associated with it?

If the cost of producing another unit of output is $4, what should you do? What has happened to your profit? If the cost incurred from your last unit of output produced is $6, what has happened to your profit? What should you do about this?

Economics Question

1.The following table gives you long-run total costs for various levels of output of Consolidated National Acme, Inc.: (4 points)

Q                 TC                                                     LRATC      

 0                    0                                                0

1                   300                                             300

2                   400                                             200

3                   465                                             155

4                   495                                             123.75

5                   560                                             112

6                   600                                             100

7                   700                                             100

 

  1. A) Calculate LRATC for each level of output and fill-in the table.
  2. B) Over what range of output do you see the law of diminishing marginal returns?
  3. C) Over what range of output do you see economies of scale, and why?
  4. D) Over what range of output do you see constant returns to scale, and why?
  5. E) Over what range of output do you see diseconomies of scale, and why?
  6. F) What is the minimum level output that must be produced by this firm to achieve productive          efficiency?
  7. G) Which costs are lower? Short-run or long-run total costs? Briefly explain why?

 

  1. It is suggested that perfectly competitive firms are price takers. Although one rarely, if ever, has an opportunity to test this in the real-world, it is equally rare that the customer goes into any business establishment and tells the seller what the price is. If sellers are price takers and buyers don’t dictate price, where does price come from in perfectly competitive markets? Briefly explain. (1 point)

 

  1. You are running a business in a perfectly competitive market. Your product sells for $5 and your marginal costs rise as output rises. (2 points)
  • If the cost of producing another unit of output is $4, what should you do?
  • What has happened to your profit?
  • If the cost incurred from your last unit of output produced is $6, what has happened to your profit?
  • What should you do about this?
  • What general rule do the above examples suggest about how a firm should determine the level of output to produce so as to maximize profit?

 

  1. d) In determining the supply curve of a perfectly competitive firm, what cost information do you need? Why do you need that information? Explain.
  2. Refer to the graph below which shows a perfectly competitive firm’s demand and cost conditions.  (5 points)

 

  1. Refer to the graph above. If market price of product is $7, the firm produces ______ units to maximize profits/ minimize loss.
  2. 380          b. 500                             c. 600                                         d. 480

 

  1. Refer to your answer above. At the profit maximizing level of output, the firm makes a total profit (loss) of $________ and the firm can expect ___________ in the long-run:

 

  1. $500; entry b. $480; entry                      c.$ 800; entry             d. $0; no entry no exit

 

  • C) If the market price falls to $5, the profit maximizing/ loss minimizing perfectly competitive firm will produce __________ units and earn _______________in economic profit/loss
  • D) Refer to the graph above. The firm would shut down if the price falls below _________ and accept the total loss of ______
  1. $3.00; -$800 b. $5.00; $760                  c. $7.00; $500          d. $2.00; $500

 

  • E) The firm’s supply curve is:

 

  1. The portion of ATC curve above price of $5     c. The portion of MC curve above $3
  2. The AVC curve above $4                                   d. The marginal cost curve above $5
  • F) In the long-run equilibrium, the firm will charge the price of _______ , produce _____units of              output, earn _____________ economic profit.

 

  1. $3.00; 200; $600 in profit b. $5; 380; normal profit
  2. $7:00; 500; -$1,000 loss d. $9, 600; positive economic profit of $600

 

  • G) Refer to your answer above. Should the firm stay in the business or not. Briefly explain.
  • H) Refer to your answer in part F. If there were 200 firms in the market, what would be the market equilibrium price and the industry output?
  • I) A what significance for economic efficiency is the equality of P and minimum of ATC? The equality of P with MC? Briefly explain

 

  1. During a coffee –room debate among several young MBA.s who had recently graduated, one of the young executives flatly stated: “The most this company can lose on its Brazilian division is the amount it has invested (its fixed costs)”. Not everyone agreed with this statement. (2 point)
  • In what sense is this statement correct?
  • Under what circumstances this statement could be it false? Explain?

 

Extra Points (3 points)

  1. Discuss the following statement; “Economists need to pay more attention to the real’s world business. Their model of perfect competition predicts that firms in the market will end up earning no profit, nothing above costs. As any accountant can tell you, if you look at the balance sheet of most businesses in any industry, their revenue exceeds their costs, they do in fact make a profit.
  2. Since a firm in perfectly competitive market is a price searcher, it must lower price to sell an additional unit of its product. True or false? Explain (1point)

3.Suppose you decided to open a copy store. You rent store space (signing a one year lease), and you take out a loan at the local bank and use the money to purchase 10 copiers. Six month later a large chain opens a copy store two blacks away from yours. As a result, the revenue you receive from your copy store, while sufficient to cover the wages of your employees, and the cost of paper and utilities, does not cover all of your rent and the interest rate and repayment costs on the loan you took out to purchase the copiers. Should you continue operating your business?

Explain the five pillars of Lean Six Sigma.

Discussion Post

Explain the five pillars of Lean Six Sigma.

How do we measure a four-firm concentration ratio? What does a high measure mean about the extent of competition? How do we measure a Herfindahl-Hirshman Index? What does a low measure mean about the extent of competition?

Economics Question

29. What is the goal of antitrust policies?

30. How do we measure a four-firm concentration ratio? What does a high measure mean about the extent of competition?

31. How do we measure a Herfindahl-Hirshman Index? What does a low measure mean about the extent of competition?

32. Why can it be difficult to decide what a “market” is for purposes of measuring competition?

33. What is a minimum resale price maintenance agreement? How might it reduce competition and when might it be acceptable?

34. What is exclusive dealing? How might it reduce competition and when might it be acceptable?

35. What is a tie-in sale? How might it reduce competition and when might it be acceptable?

36. What is predatory pricing? How might it reduce competition, and why might it be difficult to tell when it should be illegal?

37. If public utilities are a natural monopoly. what would be the danger in deregulating them?

38. If public utilities are a natural monopoly, what would be the danger in splitting them into a number of separate competing firms?

39. What is cost-plus regulation?

40. What is price cap regulation?

Distinguish between wealth effect, interest effect and the foreign prices effect of a price change.

Microeconomics Question

Distinguish between wealth effect, interest effect and the foreign prices effect of a price change.

Construct the set of feasible utility allocations for the two individuals. Is the information given so far sufficient to find the Nash bargaining solution?

Answer the question with graph

Consider an economy which can produce two commodities with quantities x1 and x2. It is possible to produce (x1, x2) = (3,0). It is also possible to produce (x1, x2) = (0,2). It is also possible to produce all convex combinations of these two allocations.

  • Construct the set of feasible production possibilities graphically.
  • There are only two individuals, 1 and 2. Utilities are as follows: u1 = 2×1 + 2. = 3×2 + 1.
  • Construct the set of feasible utility allocations for the two individuals.
  • Is the information given so far sufficient to find the Nash bargaining solution?

Use at least two articles to explain and analyze the market performance as a whole. What sectors went up/down? Where should you have invested? Did any big news or event affect the market?

Market Analysis (1 page) Jan 2023 – April 2023

 – Include, Works Cited or Reference page

Use at least two articles to explain and analyze the market performance as a whole.  What sectors went up/down?  Where should you have invested?  Did any big news or event affect the market?

How is the concept(s) presented in your example? Is the concept being used properly? What did they get right? What did they get wrong?

DISCUSSION ESSAY

Economics is everywhere and for your project you find some. You need to find a work of fiction (movie –non documentary, song, or fictional novel) that contains some hidden economics. It can cover any topic that we have covered or will cover this semester (Chapters 1-17 ). There must be a significant amount of economics in your choice – there must be enough to complete the assignment below (a 4-5 page report).

What you will do is write a 4 – 5 page report (double spaced, using standard margins and fonts) that will:

Summarize what you have found (no more than ½ of a page). If it is a song then you need to attach the song lyrics to the back of your paper but this does not count toward the 4 – 5 pages.

Explain the economic concept(s) that are being illustrated by your example.
How is the concept(s) presented in your example?
Is the concept being used properly? What did they get right? What did they get wrong?

Is this company in a competitive market, or a monopolistic market? Is there any price discrimination for different types of customers? Does this market suffer from typical problems we discussed in class: adverse selection, moral hazard, agency problem, technology overuse, etc?

The Quarterly Journal of Economics

Your presentation is graded with the following metrics:
1. Time: 8-10 minutes (10%)
2. Structure and Contents (80%)
a. You should have a structure that at least includes intro, deep dive, solution or conclusion
b. Your presentation should be relevant to health economics concepts we discussed in the class (example: adverse selection, moral hazards, market inefficiency, agency problem, health disparities, regulation, randomized control experiment, etc.)
c. Your presentation should have a good pace: don’t rush, don’t disproportionately spend your time in some slides but rush through the others; You should at least do one practice run on your own before you present.
d. Your slides: should be clear and able to read; you should not use too tiny word fonts that overwhelm your audience.

3. Q&A (10%)
If you picked a topic, you can borrow questions from the following;
If you picked a paper, here is some questions you can follow:

1. What is some motivational evidence or background that can be interesting/surprising? (For presenter(s), try to show some maps or figures)

  • a. If it focuses on a certain problem/illness, how many people get the problem per year in the US? How much percentage is diagnosed?
  • b. Is there any solution or treatment for the problem? How much percentage of patients is treated properly?
  • c. What’s the trend? Has the problem increased a lot?
  • d. What about disparities? (age, gender, race, income, geography) What are the causes of these disparities

2. What research question does the author(s) ask to explain the above evidence?
3. Any lab/natural experiment? What are the A and B groups, or treatment and control groups, which the researcher(s) compare?
4. What’s the result? (For presenter(s), try to show 1-3 figures or tables, focus on the main results) If you are a policy maker, what policies do you make based on the main result?
5. Based on the main result, if you are just an individual, any useful lesson for you? If you are an entrepreneur, any startup ideas you have? (Optional, depends on the paper)
6. If you are going to write a paper on top of the findings from this paper, what is the next important and unanswered research question you want to ask?

If you picked a company, here is some questions you can follow:
1. A brief introduction of the company: this can include the history, the problem/illness it tries to solve/treat, the scope/price of the problem/illness, how it has achieved it so far
2. What is the product they are selling? Are they adding new products to the healthcare market, or reducing inefficiencies in the healthcare market by providing their products?
3. Who are their (potential) customers? What are their basic demographics (age, gender, race, income)?
4. Is this company in a competitive market, or a monopolistic market? Is there any price discrimination for different types of customers?
5. Does this market suffer from typical problems we discussed in class: adverse selection, moral hazard, agency problem, technology overuse, etc?
6. Does the product increase or decrease health disparities?
7. If you are an investor, will you bet on its future? Why?
8. If you are a consumer, what is your willingness to pay for this product? Why?
9. If you are a policy maker, how will you regulate this product or this market?
10. Any other aspects related to health economics