Explain broadly what human-centered design is and why it is important. Explain what social constructions are and how they relate to privilege and social identity. Explain one way that engineers have privilege in our society.

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Healthy hip joint

A healthy hip joint is shown on the left in the figure below. The hip joint is susceptible to degradation either through traumatic injuries or arthritis. If the damage is too severe, an artificial hip replacement can be implanted to restore the proper functions of the hip. A typical hip replacement is shown on the right.

⦁ State which components in the hip joint serve to accomplish the two main functions of the hip. How do these anatomical components accomplish these functions?

⦁ Biomedical engineers reverse engineered the hip joint to create the implant shown on the right. Identify and describe how the components of the implant serve to replace the hip’s main functions.

⦁  Circle whether each statement is true or false about clarifying questions. Then, explain why each statement is true or false.

T F They help broaden your design space

Explain:

T F They are asked before reframing the problem

Explain:

T F These should be simple yes/no questions

Explain:

T F “What is the climate like in San Diego?” is an appropriate clarifying question

Explain:

⦁ Provide a reason why safety would typically be considered to be an objective rather than a constraint?

⦁ [3 pts] What was the failure that caused the Hyatt Regency Disaster?

⦁ Too many people were crowded onto the platform during a party.

⦁ The hotel was hastily built, which caused some key components to be left out of the construction stage of the structure.

⦁ A last-minute change resulted in overloading of the upper platform’s threaded nuts.

⦁ The chief engineer did not have adequate licensure to sign off on the design.

⦁ All of the above

⦁ Which of the following is correct about the term “intersectionality”?

⦁ It is a theory that leads in-groups/ out-groups to discriminate against each other.

⦁ It is a framework used to describe the differences between each individual’s experiences.

⦁ It describes the values important to each individual.

⦁ It is a theory that originates from anthropology.

⦁ [1 pt each] Circle whether the following statements are examples of personal (P) or social identity (S).

⦁ “I identify as Mexican American, although many

people tell me that I don’t look Mexican.” P or S

⦁ “Engineers are professionals who build technology.” P or S

⦁ “I am so forgetful, just like my siblings.” P or S

⦁ “Teenager boys are so reckless.” P or S

⦁ “Not all men are like that.” P or S

⦁Provide at least two reasons why social identity needs to be considered instead of personal identity in conversations about privilege and oppression.

⦁ Which of the following is NOT true about the concept of privilege?

⦁ Privilege is only available to particular groups of people.

⦁ Privilege allows some people with specific identity characteristic to live without a negative bias.

⦁ Privilege changes depending on the social context of a country or culture.

⦁ Privilege is granted to people who work the hardest.

⦁ Name two social constructions that provide privilege in today’s society. Give an example of a situation where these social constructions provide privilege.

⦁  Explain broadly what human-centered design is and why it is important.

⦁ Explain what social constructions are and how they relate to privilege and social identity.

⦁ Explain one way that engineers have privilege in our society.

⦁ Explain how engineering innovations can provide advantages to specific groups.

⦁Explain how engineering innovations can provide disadvantages to specific groups.

 

State the scholarly article that you have chosen to analyze . Explain the structure in detail. Explain how the article shows secondary sources . Explain how the article shows primary sources .

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Civil Engineering

In the first section, review a few specific writing tools/skills you learned/practiced in this class and give examples from Project 2 . You might mention progress structuring STEM essays, writing body paragraphs, showing visual sources, collecting data , etc.

In the second section, analyze a scholarly article that you used in Project 2. Write 1 long-ish paragraph talking through the essay’s structure – mention the major divisions plus subdivisions, and mention how the article shows these sections. Then write two more shorter paragraphs about how the article shows primary and secondary sources. For example, STEM authors often show their primary data  visually in graphs/charts, while they very briefly summarize secondary sources plus in-text citations.

So, to show you that visually, outline your essay this way:

Reflection section

  • Useful writing/research strategy 1 (1 paragraph)
  • Useful writing/research strategy 2 (1 paragraph)
  • Useful writing/research strategy 3 (1 paragraph)

Analysis section

  • State the scholarly article that you have chosen to analyze .
  • Explain the structure in detail.
  • Explain how the article shows secondary sources .
  • Explain how the article shows primary sources .

 

Describe how you would be able to check for stability for this closed loop system. Will the stability of this system be any different than that of the standard feedback system? Why?

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Process_5_Modelling Assignment_2021 Page 1 of 4

SHC4032 Process Control Coursework: Modelling and Systems Analysis Assignment

For a change, this assignment is to be handwritten with additional files with results from MATLAB/Simulink and MS Excel. Ensure that all of your writing is legible . Ensure no spelling, punctuation or grammatical errors when writing your answers.

For a couple of questions, you will be required to utilize the digits from your student ID number. For example, Student ID – 1234567, when the question requests (ID4), use the 4th digit of your ID number. If the digit is a 0, then utilize the number 1 as a substitute.

Present all equations, substitutions and place a box around the final answer, where applicable.

  1. A model for a batch reactor has been derived as follows:

𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑡 = (𝐼𝐷5)𝑦 − (𝐼𝐷6)𝑦2

𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑡 = (𝐼𝐷7)𝑦

where the initial values of x and y are 0 and 0.03, respectively.

Using MS Excel, determine y(1) using the following:

  1. a) Euler’s method
  2. b) Fourth Order Runge Kutta method
  3. The following chemical reaction takes place in a CSTR:

𝐴

𝑘1

⇌

𝑘2

𝐵

𝑘3

⇌

𝑘4

𝐶

where the rate constants are as follows:

k1 = (ID4) min–1 k2 = (ID5) min–1

k3 = (ID6) min–1 k4 = (ID7) min–1

Determine the following:

  1. a) Rate expressions for components A, B and C.
  2. b) Final steady state concentrations of Component B and C using the Euler method.
  3. Determine 𝑦(2) from the following 2nd order differential equation:

𝑑2𝑦

𝑑𝑡2 + 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑡 + 𝑦 = (𝐼𝐷7)

where 𝑦(0) = 𝑦′(0) = 0. Use:

  1. a) Euler method
  2. b) Fourth Order Runge Kutta method
  3. (Bequette, 2003) Use the initial and final value theorems to determine the initial and final values of the process output for a unit step input change for the following transfer functions:
  1. a) 5𝑠+12

7𝑠+4

  1. b) (7𝑠2+4𝑠+2)(6𝑠+4)

(4𝑠2+4𝑠+1)(16𝑠2+4𝑠+1)

  1. c) 4𝑠2+2𝑠+1

8𝑠2+4𝑠+0.5

  1. (Bequette, 2003) Derive the closed loop transfer function between L(s)and Y(s) for the following control block diagram (this is known as a feed forward / feedback controller).
  2. a) Describe how you would be able to check for stability for this closed loop system.
  3. b) Will the stability of this system be any different than that of the standard feedback system? Why?
  4. (Bequette, 2003) A process has the following transfer function:

𝐺𝑃(𝑠) = 2(−3𝑠 + 1)

(5𝑠 + 1)

  1. a) Using a P-controller, find the range of the controller gain that will yield a stable closed loop system.
  1. b) Simulate the process with the P controller to confirm the range of stability as determined in part (a).
  1. Consider the open-loop unstable process transfer function:

𝐺𝑃(𝑠) = 1

(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 − 1)

  1. a) Find the range of KC for a P-only controller that will stabilize this process.
  2. b) As it turns out, 𝐾𝐶 = 4 will yield a stable closed-loop (does this match with your answer in part (a)?). Typically, there is a measurement lag in the feedback loop.

Assuming a first-order lag on the measurement, find the maximum measurement time constant which is allowed before the system (with 𝐾𝐶 = 4) is destabilized.

  1. c) Confirm all of your calculations with the system reproduced using MATLAB/Simulink. Print out your results.
  1. A PI controller is used on the following second order process:

𝐺𝑃(𝑠) = 𝐾𝑃

𝜏2𝑠2 + 2𝜁𝜏𝑠 + 1

The process parameters are:

𝐾𝑃 = 1, 𝜏 = 2, 𝜁 = 0.7

The tuning parameters are:

𝐾𝐶 = 5, 𝜏𝐼 = 0.2

  1. a) Determine if the process is closed-loop stable.
  2. b) Reproduce your results using MATLAB/Simulink and print out your results.

Process_5_Modelling Assignment_2021 Page 4 of 4

  1. (Marlin, 2000) The process shown below consists of a mixing tank, mixing pipe, and continuously stirred tank reactor. The following assumptions are applied to the system:
  1. Both tanks are well mixed and have constant volume and temperature.
  2. All pipes are short with negligible transportation delay.

III. All flows and densities are constant.

  1. The first tank is a mixing tank.
  2. The mixing pipe has no accumulation, and the concentration, CA3, is constant.
  1. The second tank, CSTR, with 𝐴 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠, and 𝑟𝐴 = −𝑘𝐴𝐶𝐴

3 2⁄ .Mixing

Point

q1

CA0

q2

CA2

q3

CA3

q4

CA4

q5

CA5

V1

V2

Mixing

Tank

CSTR

Figure 0-2 Mixing tank, mixing pipe, and CSTR Process

  1. Derive a linearized model relating 𝐶𝐴2

′ (𝑡) to 𝐶𝐴0

′ (𝑡).

  1. Derive a linearized model relating 𝐶𝐴4

′ (𝑡) to 𝐶𝐴2

′ (𝑡).

  1. Derive a linearized model relating 𝐶𝐴5

′ (𝑡) to 𝐶𝐴4

′ (𝑡).

  1. Combine the models in (a) to (c) into one equation 𝐶𝐴5

′ (𝑡) to 𝐶𝐴0

′ (𝑡) using

Laplace transforms.

 

Use MS Excel to create a spreadsheet that determines combined height of gage block(s) required for a 5” or 10” sine bar to obtain a slope (θ°) between 1° – 90°.

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Mechanical Engineering

Use MS Excel to create a spreadsheet that determines combined height of gage block(s) required for a 5” or 10” sine bar to obtain a slope (θ°) between 1° – 90°.

Dropbox Instructions:

Review the Learning Activities associated with this assignment.

Open the 04_Sine Bar Setup Problem assignment.

Make sure you save your final product using the following naming convention: Last name + First initial + SineBar.

Be sure to use one of the following formats .xlsx or .xls.

 

Derive the finite element shape (interpolation) functions at x=y=5 corn. Verify that the shape functions obtained satisfy all the Lagrangian properties.

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Element and the coordinate systems

  1. Consider the element and the coordinate systems x and y in centimeters shown in figure below.

[(0,0), J(15,0), M(15,10), N(0,10) cm for coordinates.

Uix=Uiy = 0, Ujx= Ujy= Umx=Umy=.3 cm Unx=Uny=0 cm

U.1 cm

tuny Uri I

  1. Is q Ufr

Umy Umx •

  1. a) Derive the finite element shape (interpolation) functions at x=y=5 corn.
  2. b) Verify that the shape functions obtained satisfy all the Lagrangian properties.

 

List all that you find the most interesting about the projects. Make a list of what did you find the most challenging about the projects. Did you run into any major roadblocks in your designs or run into any places where you didn’t know how to proceed? How did you overcome these?

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Engineering design process

In this assignment, you’ll reflect on your experience in this course. This could be pertaining to the individual project and/or the team project, or the skills you have gained in this course.

Even if this course was easy for you, we hope you learned something.

Submission format

Centered at the top write the name of this assignment. Centered in a line below it write your name. Below these, the rest of the assignment starts, aligned to the left.

type the answers to various items as instructed below. Neatly organize all your answers in a numbered list  corresponding to various parts . For full credit, you should answer in complete sentences and answer the questions fully and thoughtfully.

Be very organized, neat, and professional. You should use consistent spacing, formatting, font, and style, as well as correct grammar and spelling. You want the grader to find all your work in a convenient way lest you may lose points.

In the end, you will submit everything as a single, typed, PDF file.

Instructions

For each question in the list below, you should keep the question (for readability) and then write your answers below it in paragraph(s) or sub-list (bullet or numbered) as appropriate.

  • List all that you find the most interesting about the projects. (2 points)
  • Make a list of what did you find the most challenging about the projects. (2 points)
  • Did you run into any major roadblocks in your designs or run into any places where you didn’t know how to proceed? How did you overcome these? (2 points)

Before the start of the projects you learned about engineering design process (EDP). The steps involved are: Identify an opportunity, define problem statement, research, imagine your own solutions, usemodels to predict their effectiveness, choose the best solution, create your prototype, then test your solutions, and improve as needed. All of these steps were with the customer as the center and focus. And you are supposed to test your ideas with simple tests and prototypes at various stages.

  • What steps were missing or improperly executed in your approach for the projects and why? Did they cause any problems?
  • Did you get any new insights about the engineering design process?
  • How did you apply the 3C’s (if at all) as you worked on your individual or team projects?
  • How was your experience working in a team? Comment on the strengths, weaknesses, management skills, etc. of your team/team members.
  • If your team had issues, how could you have avoided those? Would better team norms ) have helped?
  • If you were to start the projects all over again, what would you do differently with respect to your design, your team, etc.? List all.
  • Make a list of technical skills, lessons, best-practices have you acquired/practiced throughout the course that could be helpful to you as an engineer.
  • Make a list of non-technical skills, lessons, best-practices have you acquired/practiced throughout the course that could be helpful to you as an engineer.

Analyse generic communication techniques and how they apply to avionics systems. Evaluate the signal processing path in typical avionics systems.

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Aerospace Engineering

Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing

5022MAA/210SE Coursework

  1. Analyse generic communication techniques and how they apply to avionics systems.
  2. Evaluate the signal processing path in typical avionics systems.
  3. Analyse the operation of aircraft measurement sensors.
  4. Create avionics requirements based on general system specifications.
  5. Design an avionics subsystem at block diagram and requirements level.
  6. Analyse Digital Signal Processing techniques.

 

Create a high efficiency p-in photodetector capable of detecting a 5 Gb/s optical signal from a 50 pm diameter optical Mae. It will be utilised at a room temperature with a 500 input impedance.

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Design of a pin photodetector

Create a high efficiency  p-in photodetector capable of detecting a 5 Gb/s optical signal from a 50 pm diameter optical Mae. It will be utilised at a room temperature with a 500 input impedance.

For your design, you may assume the following:

  • You the maximum p- and retype doping densities are Nix 3.0° cm-1 and Mix 1×10. cm The diode is built on a severely doped silicon substrate.

the electron and hole minority carder lifetimes are c.=cv= 25 m,. the electron and hole mobilities are pa = 1000 cm1V-Is’and pa= 100 cm1V-4the carrier saturation velocity is via = 10i ark the p-contact resistivity is p<= 3))10-112cm1 but n-contact resistivity can be f.cted) the relative permittivity of the semiconductor is e./G=12 At the :4…el.& the ..<onauctors*.,,nion coefficient is o.= lo•cm, diode is anti-reflection coated .

  1. a) Show that the absorption efficiency is greater than 80%.
  2. b) Determine the value of the matching resistor required.
  3. c) Demonstrate that Me RC time constant and carrier transit time are both 30gcor shorter. 0. di Draw the diode structure and describe the ph Oodetector dimensions, as well as the thicknesses and doping  of all semiconductor Myers .

 

Provide a transition probability matrix on the inventory level of this product at the start of each day, starting with 3 items.

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Transition probability

The warehouse capacity of a given product is of 3 items at most. The daily demand for this product is given by the following probability distribution: p(0) = 0.3; p(1) =0.25, p(2)=0.25, p(3+)=0.2, where 3+ means 3 or more. When the remaining items at the end of a day are less than 2, an order is made at the start of the next day to replenish the level at 3 items (to be available at the start of the next day).

  1. Provide a transition probability matrix on the inventory level of this product at the start of each day, starting with 3 items.

 

How many end up “good” items in the average? The average rework time in each process is of 2 hours. How long it takes in the average for an item in rework?

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Probability distribution

The warehouse capacity of a given product is of 3 items at most. The daily demand for this product is given by the following probability distribution: p(0) = 0.3; p(1) 0.25, p(2)1.25, p(3+)=0.2, where 3+ means 3 or more. When the remaining items at the end of a day are less than 2, an order is made at the start of the next day to replenish the level at 3 items (to be available at the start of the next day).

Provide a transition probability matrix on the inventory level of this product at the start of each day, starting with 3 items.

  1. Show how to calculate the probability of depleting the entire stock of 3 items in two days?
  2. Show how to calculate the expected time between two consecutive orders?
  3. Show how to calculate the long-run fraction of time the stock is empty?

Question 3: Rework of failed items in a given production facility alternates between two processes. After each operation, the quality control manager evaluates whether rework necessitates to be done again in the same process or in the other one. Eventually, the quality control manager decides on whether the defective item should be classified as good item or scrap. In either case, no rework is made afterward. Past experience shows that the transitions of a defective item over process 1, process 2, “good”, or “scrap” are described by the following transition matrix in the respective order.

1/5 2/5 1/5 1/5 1/6 1/2 1/6 1/6 P= 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1. The daily average of defective items is 25. All items must start by process

  1. How many end up “good” items in the average?
  2. The average rework time in each process is of 2 hours. How long it takes in the average for an item in rework?

The cost of rework is 15 Dollars per hour in process I and 10 Dollars per hour in process

  1. What is the expected daily loss due to reworking defective items that end up scraps?