Does the weight of schoolbags contribute to students’ discomfort?

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Aim

It is an established fact that the ideal weight of bags carried by students should be 10% of their body. The awareness of this fact does not is evident in Jamaican institutions. The aim of this research is to determine the degree of impact on students carrying heavy schools bags. The research also aims to ascertain the areas of greatest discomfort as a result of carrying school bags greater than 10% of their body weight. Also determine the extent of the various stakeholders’ awareness and knowledge of the recommendation of body mass ratio.

Objectives will seek to:

  • Measure the weight of schoolbags carried by students
  • Determine the types of bags and how they are carried by students
  • Determine the ratio between the weight of the school bags carried by students and students’ body weight.
  • Determine discomfort experienced by students while carrying the habits of carrying school
  • Ascertain the perspective of school administrators/parents on the potential impact of students carrying school bags?
  • Determine from teachers the behaviour of students as it relates to carrying heavy bags with books to class.

Research Questions

  1. Does the weight of schoolbags contribute to students’ discomfort?
  2. Does the type of bags and how it is worn by students have any significant impact on their discomfort?
  3. Is there a direct correlation between students’ body weight and the weight of schoolbags as it relates to students’ discomfort?
  4. What is the ideal ratio between students’ body weight and the weight of schoolbags that will help to alleviate discomfort associated with large and heavy schoolbags?

 Briefly summarise the science context of urban ecosystem regeneration.

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For this question you should imagine you have been commissioned to write a report on the potential options for urban forest regeneration within the (imaginary) city of Castleport. This has been commissioned by Castleport Parks Trust, an independent environmental charity that manages the green space within the city for the city council. Castleport covers an area of  and has a population of 250 000. There is a range of sites of varying size and characteristics, scattered across the city, that the Trust believes could be used for urban forest regeneration. A budget of $1.5m has been allocated to spend on the regeneration of 30 hectares of urban ecosystems, with the primary objectives of:

  • i.improving the carbon budget of the city by sequestering carbon,
  • ii.boosting biodiversity, notably the local bird and butterfly populations, and
  • iii.generating associated health benefits.

You have been asked to provide two things in particular:

  1. Information on the likely benefits that might be expected from this investment, including the value of monetary benefits, and the likely extent of non-monetary benefits and any collateral benefits not amongst the Trust’s stated priority aims.
  2. A discussion of the relative merits of three different options for the number and size of locations targeted for regeneration, namely:
  3. (a) spending the entire budget reforesting a single large area of 30 ha close to the city centre,
  4. (b) targeting 30 smaller locations with an average area of 1 ha,
  5. (c) creating a narrow ‘corridor’ covering 30 ha along the river that runs through the city.

You should consider the audience for the report to be environmentalists and land managers with good science backgrounds, but who are not specialists in this topic area. You should base your report on the information and additional references provided in Session 3.5.4 of the S397 module materials, and on the following paper:

Elmqvist, T., Setälä, H., Handel, S. N., van der Ploeg, S., Aronson, J., Blignaut, J. N., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Nowak, D. J., Kronenberg, J. and de Groot, R. (2015) ‘Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas’, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 14, pp. 101–8. DOI:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.05.001

The Elmqvist et al. (2015) paper has online supplementary information, which you may also find useful for part of your report. This can be found via a link at the end of the main paper. You may also find it helpful to consult and appropriately cite other reliable sources (e.g. academic papers or websites). You will not receive credit for including more than two further references external to the module material beyond Elmqvist et al. (2015).

Your answer should not exceed 1500 words in length, excluding the reference list. You will lose marks for exceeding this limit (see the Word limits section above for more details).

Your report should consist of the following sections:

  • Executive summary Summarise, concisely, the background and main findings and recommendations of your report.

Word limit: 175 words, including an appropriate title

(6 marks)

  • Context Briefly summarise the science context of urban ecosystem regeneration.

Word limit: 175 words

(6 marks)

  • Potential benefits Summarise and quantify the potential benefits, both monetary and non-monetary, that might be anticipated from the regeneration programme, and explain the timescales over which they are likely to be realised.

Word limit: 300 words

(10 marks)

  • Evidence Summarise the scientific evidence on which your estimates of potential benefits are based, briefly describing relevant studies. Note: in your answer you should consider the scientific evidence behind the figures, that is, details of how the quantitative estimates were made.

Word limit: 300 words

(10 marks)

  • Risks and unknowns Discuss the risks and unknown factors that could adversely impact the expected gains from any potential regeneration actions. Note: in your answer you should focus on risks and unknowns relating to the science of urban ecosystem regeneration, rather than general risks that might be associated with any urban management project.

Word limit: 300 words

(10 marks)

  • Regeneration options Discuss the three suggested options relating to the choice of number, size and location of target regeneration sites and the relative merits and drawbacks of the different options in relation to aims of the programme and expected benefits on ecosystem services, citizens and species. Recommend a strategy and justify your choice.

Word limit: 250 words

(8 marks)

  • References including citations in the report.

(4 marks)

  • The remaining 6 marks will be awarded for the clarity, conciseness and relevance of your report.

(6 marks)

You should appropriately cite and reference the material used for writing the report. The guide for citation and referencing both module material and external literature is provided in the Harvard Guide to citing references.

Is there a difference in the population growth of compost worms in soil with different pH?

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Paper details:

Hypothesis:
Is there a difference in the population growth of compost worms in soil with different pH?

Identify the social media platform that best works for your population and state why. What Evidenced based program will you model your program after from the literature.

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Post an outline of your social media campaign proposal paper.

The outline should shape how to would like to organize your paper in the most sensible way. Here are a few bullets to help guide you:

I. Rationale for Selecting your population (The problem/issue with alcohol use among your target group)

II. Identify the social media platform that best works for your population and state why.

III. What Evidenced based program will you model your program after from the literature.

IV. Types of messaging and components you will use for your campaign.

V. How you plan to measure the program success (i.e. web hits, number of likes, number of shares, overall impact on the target population.

Locate two resources about a scientific topic that interests you: one from a scientifically reputable resource and another from a questionable resource. Write a brief summary of these two articles and an explanation of the differences between the reliability of these resources.

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Locate two resources about a scientific topic that interests you: one from a scientifically reputable resource and another from a questionable resource. Write a brief summary of these two articles and an explanation of the differences between the reliability of these resources. What characteristics make one more scientifically valid than the other? Be sure to indicate which resource is the scientifically reputable resource and which resource’s reliability is questionable. Present both your resources in APA version 6 format.

Explain Romantic love versus Rational love, and how the two can impact Pia. Explain how the label’s that are given to Pia by her parents, have the potential to impact Pia.

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According to the Labeling theory described by the Interactionist perspective, labels can become self-fulfilling. If a person is labeled with negative attributes, they risk believing that these attributes are true, and may face an undesirable declining trajectory. Pia’s parents are approaching a situation in a negative manner, and this is cultivating Pia’s beliefs of having, or possessing negative attributes.

Read the case scenario for Pia below, and answer the questions below as if you are having dialogue with this family.

1) Explain Romantic love versus Rational love, and how the two can impact Pia.

2) Explain how the label’s that are given to Pia by her parents, have the potential to impact Pia.

3) Select and explain at least 3 positive attributes that Pia has in order to point out her strengths and build her self-esteem.

4) Meeting #2 has been scheduled and Pia’s parents will be joining this meeting. After reading “Conflict Resolution Strategies”, page 559, select 3 strategies that you plan to utilize with this family. You are to explain your goals and why you have selected these approaches.

Case Scenario;

You are a social worker and Pia, an eighteen-year-old senior has been referred to see you. Pia is scheduled to graduate in two months, however, Pia’s instructors have reported a drop in her grades, and a sudden change in her demeanor. You are aware that if Pia’s grades continue to decline, she runs the risk of not meeting graduation requirements. Historically, Pia excelled in high school and was a star athlete. She was known to be a reliable motivated hard worker. She was a determined leader and had goals of attending college. During the meeting, Pia reports that she is 6 weeks pregnant, and plans to marry her 19-year-old boyfriend. Pia reports that she has been forbidden to see her boyfriend, and her parents are not interested in what he or his parents have to say. Pia reports that her parents are furious, disgraced, embarrassed and have told her numerous times that she has been selfish, disrespectful, a failure, and has tarnished the family name. Pia reports that she understands that she is a failure and is ready to drop out of school.

Are there especially innovative industries, clusters or businesses in your city? What explains their success? What are the overall economic prospects for your megacity in the next 10-20 years?

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  1. Urban Economies.

Examine and analyze the economic base of your megacity Beijing.

  1. Present key economic data on your megacity in a concise table (not counted as part of the 300 word limit). This can include (but is not limited to) the following information:
  • The size of the urban economy (GDP/GNI)
  • Annual economic growth rates.
  • Main economic sectors and industries.
  • Economic projections for the near future.
  1. Based on your analysis of the data you collected, address at least twoof the following points:
  • Which industries are growing – and why? Which industries appear to be declining – and why?
  • Are there especially innovative industries, clusters or businesses in your city? What explains their success?
  • What are the overall economic prospects for your megacity in the next 10-20 years?
  1. Urban Societies: Socio-spatial Mappings (refers to Unit 5)

Examine and analyze the social makeup of your megacity Beijing.

  1. Present a breakdown of your megacity’s population in a concise table (not counted as part of the 300 word limit). The table should show:
  • The main population groups and social divisions in the city: by religion, race, ethnicity, linguistic group, migration status, etc.
  • The size and growth rates of main population groups
  • The relative social-economic standing of main groups: e.g. by income, education, employment, etc.
  1. Based on your analysis of the data you collected, answer at least twoof the following questions:
  • In general, is the city characterized by low, moderate, or high levels of social strife and conflict between these groups?
  • How are these groups arranged spatially in the city? Are there segregated areas for different groups, or are they generally mixed up?
  • Are there areas that are ‘ghettos’, according to Wacquant’s definition? Explain.
  • Are there major gated communities? When and why did they emerge?