Identify, comprehend, and resolve ethical issues/problems and their ramifications in a thorough and responsible manner. Describe the historical and cultural contexts of the issue. Determine the legal issues associated with the case study.

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Writers choice

Outline of the Term Paper

List the ethical issue and or problem addressed:

  1. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction:

 

Thesis Statement (Usually the last sentence(s) in the introduction) (Should identify your position or side for your selected ethical issue/problem.):

 

  1. Body (Your paper must have at minimum all the components listed below. It may have more points than those listed below; you will need to decide how many your paper will need)
  • Identify, comprehend, and resolve ethical issues/problems and their ramifications in a thorough and responsible manner:

 

Examples/Details/Explanations:

  • describe the historical and cultural contexts of the issue:

 

Examples/Details/Explanations:

  • determine the legal issues associated with the case study:

 

Examples/Details/Explanations:

  • Conclusion

 

Reworded Thesis (Usually found near the beginning of the conclusion):

 

  1. References

A minimum of 3 references should be cited in-text and included in the References section

1)

 

2)

 

3

 

Write an essay on complex ethical dilemmas that occur at the end of life and how they relate to Catholic ethics.

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Complex ethical dilemmas

Write an essay on complex ethical dilemmas that occur at the end of life and how they relate to Catholic ethics.

Identify and explain each of the values and issues that are relevant to this problem. Describe the context for the situation or technology. What is the organization? What is the purpose of the organization? Who are all of the relevant stakeholders and how might each group be affected?

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Analyze an Article

This article describes cutting-edge research and some possible future implementations. Use the analytical framework developed in this course to identify potential problems and work through the implications.

Langston, J. (2016, August 17) Interscatter enables first implanted devices, contact lenses, credit cards to ‘talk’ WiFiOpens in a new window Phys.org.

Describe the problem: (~5%)
Briefly restate the problem in your own words.

Values and Issues: (~5%)
Identify and explain each of the values and issues that are relevant to this problem. Be sure to include both professional ethics and social issues.

Organizational Context: (~10%)
Describe the context for the situation or technology. What is the organization? What is the purpose of the organization? Who are all of the relevant stakeholders and how might each group be affected? Be sure to include appropriate legal considerations.

Application: (~60%)
Now that you’ve described the various elements of the framework for analysis, apply all of the above to the problem.

What are possible options? (~20%.)
What are the likely consequences of each of these options (both positive and negative)? (~40%)

Make a recommendation: (~20%)
Given the various stakeholders, organizational needs, laws, Codes of Ethics, ethical theories and values that we explored in this course, what do you recommend and why? Be sure to include why you did NOT select other options. Your grade will be based on your reasoning.

Identify and explain each of the values and issues that are relevant to this problem. Describe the context for the situation or technology. What is the organization? What is the purpose of the organization? Who are all of the relevant stakeholders and how might each group be affected?

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Analyze an Article

This article describes cutting-edge research and some possible future implementations. Use the analytical framework developed in this course to identify potential problems and work through the implications.

Langston, J. (2016, August 17) Interscatter enables first implanted devices, contact lenses, credit cards to ‘talk’ WiFiOpens in a new window Phys.org.

Describe the problem: (~5%)
Briefly restate the problem in your own words.

Values and Issues: (~5%)
Identify and explain each of the values and issues that are relevant to this problem. Be sure to include both professional ethics and social issues.

Organizational Context: (~10%)
Describe the context for the situation or technology. What is the organization? What is the purpose of the organization? Who are all of the relevant stakeholders and how might each group be affected? Be sure to include appropriate legal considerations.

Application: (~60%)
Now that you’ve described the various elements of the framework for analysis, apply all of the above to the problem.

What are possible options? (~20%.)
What are the likely consequences of each of these options (both positive and negative)? (~40%)

Make a recommendation: (~20%)
Given the various stakeholders, organizational needs, laws, Codes of Ethics, ethical theories and values that we explored in this course, what do you recommend and why? Be sure to include why you did NOT select other options. Your grade will be based on your reasoning.

Identify and explain each of the values and issues that are relevant to this problem. Describe the context for the situation or technology. What is the organization? What is the purpose of the organization? Who are all of the relevant stakeholders and how might each group be affected?

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Analyze an Article

This article describes cutting-edge research and some possible future implementations. Use the analytical framework developed in this course to identify potential problems and work through the implications.

Langston, J. (2016, August 17) Interscatter enables first implanted devices, contact lenses, credit cards to ‘talk’ WiFiOpens in a new window Phys.org.

Describe the problem: (~5%)
Briefly restate the problem in your own words.

Values and Issues: (~5%)
Identify and explain each of the values and issues that are relevant to this problem. Be sure to include both professional ethics and social issues.

Organizational Context: (~10%)
Describe the context for the situation or technology. What is the organization? What is the purpose of the organization? Who are all of the relevant stakeholders and how might each group be affected? Be sure to include appropriate legal considerations.

Application: (~60%)
Now that you’ve described the various elements of the framework for analysis, apply all of the above to the problem.

What are possible options? (~20%.)
What are the likely consequences of each of these options (both positive and negative)? (~40%)

Make a recommendation: (~20%)
Given the various stakeholders, organizational needs, laws, Codes of Ethics, ethical theories and values that we explored in this course, what do you recommend and why? Be sure to include why you did NOT select other options. Your grade will be based on your reasoning.

Discuss at least one ethical issue that is arguably present in public safety that is, could be, or should be, impacted by the lessons learned from your research related to ethical decision-making.

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Ethical Decision Making

This assignment is designed to demonstrate your understanding of ethical decision-making from an academic perspective. In other words, you are to base your discussions on academic literature, not on personal opinions.

1. In section one, explain the most salient points made in academic literature concerning ethical decision-making processes.
a. Your analysis should include, at a minimum, the article, Ethical Decision-Making: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going by Ann Tenbrunsel and Kristin Smith-Crowe (located in week six reading).
i. You should address at least the concepts of moral awareness, moral decision-making and amoral decision-making and the main components that impact each.
1. Tenbrunnsel and Smith-Crowe’s article provides an abundance of information from the literature—probably far too much to fit into this paper. It will be incumbent on you to decide what is sufficiently supported and noteworthy such that it should be included in your paper.

B. While not required, you’re encouraged to use other sources to assist you in understanding the topic and to give you resources from which you can draw different views or support your discussion in section 2. This short article may give you a helpful overview of the topic.

2. Discuss at least one ethical issue that is arguably present in public safety that is, could be, or should be, impacted by the lessons learned from your research related to ethical decision-making. Below are some potential points for discussion. You are NOT limited to using any of the examples nor should you; if you decide to use one, necessarily stick with the parameters in which it is addressed in the example. You should use your own analysis and critical thinking skills to address whatever ethical issue in public safety you choose.

Briefly explain the different considerations that would guide a utilitarian and a deontologist when considering the possibility of mandatory organ donation. Explain which approach (if either) is preferable, and why.

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Mandatory organ donation

Briefly explain the different considerations that would guide a utilitarian and a deontologist when considering the possibility of mandatory organ donation. Explain which approach (if either) is preferable, and why.

Explain the results of your research. Did you learn information about the company that surprised you? Given what you’ve learned, do you believe you have a moral responsibility to change your purchasing behavior with regard to this company or product? Explain why, appealing to at least one moral theory we have studied in this course.

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Module 8 Paper

The Assignment: For this assignment, you will choose a company or product that you patronize or purchase regularly. Do some research into this company or product, through the lens of consumer ethics. How are the workers involved treated? If it makes use of animals or animal products, how are they treated? Are there environmental impacts to be considered? If a company, does it affiliate itself with political causes that you agree or disagree with? Does the company or its CEOs contribute money to causes or organizations that you agree or disagree with? Are there other factors that make you favor or disfavor this company or product, from a consumer ethics perspective?

Part I – Explain the results of your research. Did you learn information about the company that surprised you? (In this section, you should simply describe the results of your research. It should be no more than 1/3 of your finished paper).

Part II – Given what you’ve learned, do you believe you have a moral responsibility to change your purchasing behavior with regard to this company or product? Explain why, appealing to at least one moral theory we have studied in this course. Be sure to back up your statements with moral principles and arguments. (In this section, you will be evaluated based on your ability to give a reasoned moral response to as aspect of your own behavior, given research. You must make reference to specific theorists and concepts we have studied in this course).

Part III – Construct a counterargument to your view. Using the principle of charity, explain why someone would disagree with your argument in Part II. (In this section, you will be evaluated based on your ability to understand and explain a view that opposes your own).

Do you think that design of the SUPPORT study was ethical, why or why not? In your opinion, did the SUPPORT study team deviate from the ethical principles during the informed consent process? As pre-mature babies are a vulnerable population, and despite the lack of data and the classification of these treatments as standard of care, do you think researchers should have emphasized these risks to parents? Why or why not?

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Discussion responses- NOT an essay – AMA format

Below are 3 prompts with linked readings/videos or attached pdf document to reading. Roughly 2/3 pg for each. single spaced. sources do not count towards length.

Week 7
For this week’s discussion we took a look at the SUPPORT (Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial) Trial. This trial evaluated the use of high oxygen and low oxygen pressure in pre-mature babies. However, both treatment arms came with risks without concrete data.
Reading:
https://www.science.org/content/article/us-weighs-informed-consent-rules-wake-infant-study-controversy

In the article by Arthur Allen, it was noted that researchers were unsure of whether to inform patients on the risks of either treatment (high O2 saturation and retinopathy, low O2 Saturation and death) because of they were considered standard of care regimens. Kathy Hudson, an NIH deputy director, felt that SUPPORT research did not need to mention the risks of death associated with low O2 saturation because there was no recent data indicating that risk.
Do you think that design of the SUPPORT study was ethical, why or why not?
In your opinion, did the SUPPORT study team deviate from the ethical principles during the informed consent process?
As pre-mature babies are a vulnerable population, and despite the lack of data and the classification of these treatments as standard of care, do you think researchers should have emphasized these risks to parents? Why or why not?
Some neonatologists were noted to have had concerns about the use of low oxygen support, and study investigators should have been aware of these risks. What reasons do you think could have swayed the research team to leave this risk off of the consent form? Please explain.
There are concerns about the inequality of informed consent requirements when it comes to research studies and general everyday medical treatment. Do you think medicine would benefit from a stricter informed consent process, similar to how research participants must be consented? Why or why not
Place yourself in the shoes of the researcher conducting the SUPPORT trial, what steps could you have taken to fulfill the concerns raised by OHRP.
The article “Legally Blind: The Therapeutic Illusion in the SUPPORT Study of Extremely Premature Infants” mentioned the distinctions between “Treatment” and “Research” (Therapeutic Treatment and Experimental Research), how can a potential subject determine the difference between both if approached during an extremely vulnerable time based on the clinical setting, such as an Intensive Care Unit? What would you do as a researcher to ensure the subjects (or their legal representative) that you are recruiting understand the difference?

Week 8
Readings:
Miller FG, Wendler D, Swartzman LC. Deception in Research on
the Placebo Effect. PLoS Med 2005; 2(9): e262. DOI:
10.1371/journal.pmed.0020262.
• UCI Office of Research. Placebo Controlled Studies. © 2015. At:
https://www.research.uci.edu/compliance/human-researchprotections/researchers/placebo.html. Last Accessed May 17,
2020.

1. Deception in clinical trials is considered to be ethically problematic. Describe ways in which use of deception conflicts with ethical norms governing clinical research.
2. In deciding whether or not to disclose research findings to participants, “the possibility that psychological or other harms may result from learning of the results” is considered. Does this conflict with Ethical Considerations to “respect self-determination as it relates to participants’ needs for information relevant to their health and well-being.” Why and why not?
3. The article “Deception in Research on Placebo Effect” discusses that deception related to the nature of the research trial plays a major role in achieving the placebo effect. The ethics of deception as used in this type of trial has received little to no push back.
Based on the information we have covered so far in this course; do you agree that deception in this type of research is vital in analyzing the “placebo effect”? Why or why not?

Do you personally believe in the “placebo effect”? Why or why not?
Can the “placebo effect” be achieved and analyzed without withholding or misleading participants with respect to the nature of the trial? Explain.

Week 10
International
In the same article a statement was mentioned: “After the Pretoria conference, the leaders of the World Medical Association indicated their willingness to consider further the issues that were raised. We applaud this effort. They subsequently announced the formation of a working group to examine these issues and to meet with other groups to “harmonize guidelines.”
Do you think that the formation of the working group will be the solution to the countless ethical dilemmas that exist in developing countries?
What further measures or regulations would you suggest to ensure that researchers in developing countries are held to the same standards as the rest of the world?
Emergencies

In the article (Assessing the Ethics of Medical Research in Emergency Settings: How Do International Regulations Work in Practice?) by Halila R. it is explained that informed consent or authorization for conducting research in emergency can be waived after the approval of an ethics committee as long this emergency trial brings significant benefit for the patient.
Do you agree/disagree that human subjects are not able to give consent in all emergency trials? Why? Or Why not? Explain any differences you identify, if applicable.

In your opinion, what other challenges or barriers exist when conducting clinical trials during emergencies?
Covid-19
Did your opinion(s) regarding challenges or barriers in clinical trials during emergencies change after viewing Equity and Ethics video we just watched? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsD-1pBeGEw) Explain.

If you were a principal investigator overseeing a clinical trial during the current Covid-19 Pandemic,
how would you balance autonomy and informed consent while waiving certain requirements in order to expedite the trial due to the current emergency?
how would you ensure justice throughout the trial?

Take-Away
Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the way the clinical research community shares data and knowledge?
In what ways has it hindered data and knowledge sharing?
What are the hurdles to sharing data and knowledge in clinical research? The scientific/technological hurdles? The societal/investment hurdles?
What is needed to make data and knowledge sharing more effective and more the norm?

Discuss your example of an effective and an ineffective leader. Address the similarities and differences of your leaders. Include specific characteristics of each type of leader based on identifying their effectiveness.

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Opposing leadership

Instructions:

In this unit, you will explore opposing leadership styles found in managers.

In a 1-page paper, elaborate on two leaders: one which you determine as effective and the other as an ineffective leader. These individuals do not need to be in healthcare. Include two (2) academic references and submit your assignment in APA format.

Requirements:

Discuss your example of an effective and an ineffective leader.
Address the similarities and differences of your leaders.
Include specific characteristics of each type of leader based on identifying their effectiveness.
Include two (2) academic references.