Are there some moral duties that can never be violated? Is it possible to rank order your moral duties so that you would know which one to follow when they were in conflict?

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Are there some moral duties that can never be violated? Is it possible to rank order your moral duties so that you would know which one to follow when they were in conflict? Even ‘create the best possible outcome’ or ‘maximize good results’ is a kind of moral duty. Is it the only one? What reasons can you provide to think that there are no absolute moral duties?

Discuss the ways that virtue ethics is in tension with Kantianism, Utilitarianism, and pluralism.

Consider a contentious, contemporary moral issue or moral dilemma and use at least two of the moral theories that we have studied to provide a framework for resolving this dilemma.

Would it be possible to create a productive dialogue between Eastern and Western ethical philosophy? What major points of similarity as well as points of difference would you select to focus on for such a discussion? Use the information you’ve learned to construct an answer that will balance both difference and similarity

Describe the issue of whistleblowing in the article.  You can probably summarize the issue in a couple of sentences.

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Search the news for an article on whistleblowing.
Go to news.google.com
Click on the Business link along the left side
Search on the term whistleblowing
Search for a case where an insider blew the whistle on their own company
Scan some of the articles that come up until you find something interesting. Write a reflection piece of about 200-300 words based on the questions below.
Begin by describing the issue of whistleblowing in the article.  You can probably summarize the issue in a couple of sentences.
According to Bok, is whistleblowing justified in this case?
At the end, copy and paste the URL of the article.

Explain to others why you find some act unethical or as a leader, to chart an ethical course through a tricky situation.

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Ethical Action PlanIn your career you will need to articulate and act upon an ethical argument. That is, to explain to others why you find some act unethical or as a leader, to chart an ethical course through a tricky situation. The assigned case has an ethical dimension to the managerial decision. Put yourself into the position of the manager and explain what ethical action you would take and why you find that action to be ethical. The Ethical question of the decision in the “WhiteWater Specialties ” case has an ethical dimension. Since accepting an order for all 2000 stores would put the firm at financial risk, that would risk the jobs of all the employees at WhiteWater Specialties and perhaps imperil the WhiteWater West business as well. Would pursuing this opportunity be ethical? Essay FormatYour paper should use the following form: The first paragraph should introduce the case and the ethical question at issue. The rest of the paper will serve to examine the case from 5 different ethical perspectives. For each of these 5 ethical schools of thought, create separate arguments following this format:

1) A paragraph should focus on the ethical (prescriptive) premise for each school of thought that you consider relevant and inviolable. You made need to explain why you have chosen this particular prescriptive premise. The conclusion of this paragraph should be your prescriptive premise.

2) Descriptive Paragraph(s) should describe the facts of the case that are in keeping with your prescriptive premises (or in violation of your prescriptive premises). As before, the conclusion of this paragraph will be the descriptive premise.

3) Your conclusion paragraph will summarize your argument, and state your sub-conclusion that the actions prescribed are ethical or not ethical according to the standard associated with this school of thought.

4) The final paragraph of the essay will discuss the ethics of the action you propose, and the justification of that action across multiple schools of ethical thought. In theory, this paper should be 17 paragraphs long, an introduction paragraph (1) then 5 sets of prescriptive, descriptive and concluding paragraphs (2-16) and ending with an overall conclusion showing why your proposed action is an ethical action (17).

What are our obligations to embryos that are created and then not used? Is this a moral problem?

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Develop a moral argument about the rightness or wrongness of the actions in one of the following cases, through an evaluation of the three aspects (the act itself, the intentions, and the circumstances). Remember: ethics has to do with moral or immoral human action, as well as with our moral responsibilities or obligations to others. Ethics is also dependent upon consideration of immoral human action: what is human life? What is the moral status of human life and what is it grounded in? What respect do we owe to human life or human persons, and why? As you develop your argument for why you think the actions in the following scenario are or are not ethical, remember to consider as widely as you can the ethical and philosophical implications at stake in the scenario. What are the potential positive and negative consequences of the action or choice being made, for all persons involved?

QUESTION:
The creation of embryonic life outside the womb for the purpose of tissue matching for a bone-marrow transplant for a critically-ill sibling, as in the example of Molly and Adam Nash (Nursing Ethics, p. 115-116). – in your argument, consider: what is the moral status of embryonic life and what does this indicate about our moral obligations (i.e. to prenatal life, to our future children)? What obligations might exist with respect to parenthood and procreation)? Is it moral to create life outside of the womb (why/why not); does it matter under what circumstances that life is brought into being? What are our obligations to embryos that are created and then not used? Is this a moral problem?

How do you see Google addressing its various stakeholders?

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How do you see Google addressing its various stakeholders?

What evidence to you see to support your judgement?

Pick an ethical issue pertaining to public management, public organizations, government and governance and write a proposal.

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Pick an ethical issue pertaining to public management, public organizations, government and governance (domestic, transnational, or international) and write a proposal.

Do you expect the distribution of the lengths of all phone calls made on a cell phone during one month tobe symmetric, skewed to the right, or skewed to the left? Explain.

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MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test
1a.Do you expect the distribution of the lengths of all phone calls made on a cell phone during one month tobe symmetric, skewed to the right, or skewed to the left? Explain.
b.Two measures of center for this distribution are 2.5 minutes and 13.7 minutes. Which is the mean and which is the median? Explain your reasoning.16.A.33Does Physical Beauty Matter? One of the daily polls on CNN.com asked “Does Physical Beauty Matter to You?” Of 38,485 people responding, 79% said yes and 21% said no.a.Can we conclude that about 79% of all people think physical beauty matters? Why or why not?b.In making such a conclusion, what are we considering the sample? What are we considering the population?c.Is there any bias in the sampling method?d.What other sources of bias might be present?17.A.38Outwit the Grim Reaper by Walking Faster! The title of this exercise was a recent headline.The article goes on to describe a study in which men’s walking speeds at age 70 were measured and then the men were followed over five years. In the study, men who walked slowly were more likely to die sometime during the five years. The article concludes that, “Men can elude the Grim Reaper by walking at speeds of at least 3 miles per hour.”a.Identify the explanatory and response variables, and state whether each is categorical or quantitative.b.What common mistake is this article making?c.What is a possible confounding variable? Clearly explain the link this variable has to both the explanatory and the response variables.18.A.48What Type of Cell Phone? A 2012 surveyexamined cell phone ownership in a sample of US adults.The results of the survey are shown below.Cell Phone OwnedFrequencyAndroid smartphone458iPhone smartphone437Blackberry smartphone141Cell phone not smartphone924No cell phone293Total2253 a.Calculate proportions of the total for each type of phone. Give results to three decimal places.b.What proportion of the survey respondents do not own a cell phone? Use correct notation.c.What percent own a smartphone?19.A.50Painkillers and MiscarriageA recent studyexamined the link between miscarriage and the use of painkillers during pregnancy. Scientists interviewed 1009 women soon after they got positive results from pregnancy tests about their use of painkillers around the time of conception or in the early weeks of pregnancy. The researchers then recorded which of the pregnancies were successfully carried to term. The results are below.Page 5 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 1MiscarriageTotalAspirin522Ibuprofen1353Acetaminophen24172No painkiller103762Total1451009a.What percent of the pregnancies ended in miscarriage?b.For each painkiller group, compute the percent of women taking that painkiller who had a miscarriage. Discuss the results.c.Is this an experiment or an observational study? d.Identify a possible confounding variable. Clearly indicate how the confounding variable is associated with both the explanatory and response variables.e.What percent of all women who miscarried had taken no painkillers?20. Dotplot of Arsenic in ToenailsThe dotplot below shows arsenic concentrations in toenails for 19 individuals.a.Describe the shape of this distribution. Is it symmetric or skewed? Are there any obvious outliers?b.Estimate the five-number summary of this sample.c.Estimate the mean of this sample without calculating it, based on the median and the shape.d.Is it appropriate to use the 95% rule to estimate the standard deviation of these data? Why or why not?21.A.69Prostate Cancer and a Drug for BaldnessThe drug finasteride is marketed as Propecia to help protect against male pattern baldness, and it also mayprotect against prostate cancer. A large sampleof healthy men over age 55 were randomly assigned to receive either a daily finasteride pill or a placebo. The study lasted seven years and the men had annual check-ups and a biopsy at the end of the study. Prostate cancer was found in 804 of 4368 men taking finasteride and in 1145 of the 4692 men taking a placebo.a.Is this an experiment or an observational study? The study was double-blind; what does that mean?b.What are the variables in the study?c.Make a two-way table to display the results. Include the row and column totals.d.What percent of men in the study received finasteride?e.What percent of the men with prostate cancer were in the placebo group?f.Compare the percent of men in each group who got prostate cancer. Does finasteride appear to offer some protection against prostate cancer?22.A.77Infection in Dialysis PatientsThe table below gives data showing the time to infection, at the point of insertion of the catheter, for kidney patients using portable dialysis equipment. There are 38 patients, and the data give the first observation for each patient. Estimate the five-number summary from the data.Time to infection for dialysis patients256778121315151722222324Page 6 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 12730343953546396113119130132141149152152185190292402447511536a.Estimate the five-number summary from the data.b.Identify any outliers in the data by the IQR method. Show your calculations.23.US monthly retail sales in billions of dollars for the 136 months starting January 2000 are given in the dotplot below. Estimate and interpret the 90th percentile. Justify your answer.24.Barry Bonds hit 73 home runs during the 2001 Major League Baseball season. The histogram below on the next page displays the distribution of the distances the 73 home runs traveled in feet. Each bin (bucket) is 20 wide with the first one starting at 310 feet and ending at 330 feet. Approximately what percentage of the home runs traveled less than 390 feet? Show work.Page 7 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 1Page 8 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 125. Alex Rodriguez (“Arod”), Ken Griffey Jr, Barry Bonds and David (“Big Papi”) Ortiz who played roughly during the same time period in Major League Baseball. Rodriguez, Griffey and Bonds all played 22 seasons while Ortiz played 20. Side-by-side boxplots of their seasonal home run totals follow. The circle with the crossinside indicates the location of the mean.Identify the players for which the distribution of seasonal home run totals has each of the following:i) Right skewii) Left Skewiii) approximate symmetry Page 9 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 126. I have data on ACT math scores for 200 students at Georgia Southern University. A dotplot of the distribution of scores follows.a. Estimate the mean.b. Is it appropriate to use the 95% rule with these data? Why or why not?c. Use the 95% rule to estimate the standard deviation.d. Estimate and interpret the 10th percentile.Page 10 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 1Page 11 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 1Solutions1.(a) Experiment. Students are assigned to treatments (teaching methods) by the researchers. (b) Yes. This is a randomized, controlled experiment. Results can be used to demonstrate a causal relationship. (c) Children are not randomly assigned into this group. There may be common characteristics among childrenin families who either choose not to try new methods or fail to return consent forms.2.(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Increase (d) Decrease3.(a) Completely randomized design: Randomly assign 15 students to Group 1 (easy mazes) and the other 15 to Group 2 (hard mazes). Compare the time estimates of Group 1 to those of Group 2.(b) Matched pairs design: The matched pairs need to be formed by using the same individual. Each student completes both types of mazes. Randomly assign 15 students to Group 1 (easy mazes first) and the other 15 to Group 2 (hard mazes first). Compare each student’s easy maze time estimate to his or her hard maze time estimate.4.(a) Observational (b) The explanatory variable is alcohol consumption, and the response variable is whether or not the participant dies within four years. (c) A causal relationship cannot be established by this study, because it is observational. The explanatory variable was not randomly assigned to participants(the subjects choose their own treatments). (d) People who drink alcohol in moderation tend to also exercise regularly, and lack of exercise is a contributing factor to early death. Confounding occurs here because lack of exercise is associated with both alcohol consumption (the explanatory variable) and early death (the response variable).5.A.1 (a) Yes (b) Yes6.A.2 (a) No (b) No7.A.3 (a) No (b) Yes (c) No (d) Yes (e) Explanatory: drug vs. placebo (categorical). Response: Remission (yes/no) (categorical).8.A.4 (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) Yes9.A.7 (a) One categorical variable (b) Bar chart (c) Proportion10.A.10 (a) One quantitative variable (b) Histogram (c) Mean11.A.11 (a) Two categorical variables (b) Side-by-side bar charts (c) Difference in proportions12.A.12 (a) One categorical variable and one quantitative variable (b) Side-by-side boxplots, dotplots, or histograms (c) Statistics by group or diference in means13.A.17 (a) This is an experiment since subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups which determined what method was used. (b) This study could not be “blind” since both the participants and those recording the results could see what each had applied. (c) The sample is the 46 subjects participatingin the experiment. The intended population is probably anyone who might consider using black grease under the eyes to cut down on glare from the sun. (d) The explanatory variable is the eye treatment (black grease, black tape, petroleum jelly), which is categorical. The response variable is the improvement in contrast sensitivity, which is quantitative.14.A.42 (a) There are two variables. percent college graduates (quantitative) and region of the country (categorical). (b) The Northeast has the states with the highest percent of college graduates, while the South has the states with the lowest percent of college graduates. The only outlier is a high outlier in the South. (This is the state of Virginia.) (c) There seems to be a clear association between region and percentof college graduates.15.A.70 (a) The length of a phone call cannot fall below 0 minutes. However, the upper bound on what phone call length is possible is very high, and there may be a few very long phone calls during a month. We expect that the bulk of the data values will be between 0 and 20 minutes, with a tail extending out to the right to some phone calls extending perhaps as long as two hours (120 minutes). This describes a distribution that is skewed to the right. (b) The long phone calls will pull up the mean but not the median, Page 12 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 1so we expect the mean to be 13.7 minutes and the median to be 2.5 minutes. Notice that this implies that half the phone calls made on this cell phone are less than 2.5 minutes in length.16.A.33 (a) No, we cannot conclude that about 79% of all people think physical beauty matters, since this was a volunteer sample in which only people who decided to vote were included in the sample, and only people looking at cnn.com even had the opportunity to vote. (b) The sample is the 38,485 people who voted. The population, if we made such an incorrect conclusion, would be all people. (c) There is potential for sampling bias in every volunteer sample. (d) People are likely to incorrectly answer “no” to this question if they believe an answer of “yes” would make them appear shallow.17.A.38 (a) The explanatory variable is walking speed, which is quantitative. The response variable is whether or not the person died in the next five years, which is categorical. (b) The article is assuming causation when it should not be, since walking speed was not randomly assigned to the cases. (c) A possible confounding variable is the health of the men due to other factors when they were tested at age 70. Poor health would cause slower walking and greater risk of death in the next five years.18.A.48 (a) The total is n = 2253 so we divide each of the frequencies by the total. See the table. Notice that the relative frequencies add to 1.0, as we expect. (b) (13% do not own a cell phone) (c) 46% own a smartphone.Cell Phone OwnedProportionAndroid smartphone0.203iPhone smartphone0.194Blackberry smartphone0.063Cell phone not smartphone0.410No cell phone0.130Total1.000 19.A.50 (a) The percent of pregnancies ending in miscarriage is 145=1009 = 14.4%. (b) For each category, we compute the percent ending in miscarriage. Aspirin: Percent = 5/22= 22.7% Ibuprofen: Percent = 13/53 = 24.5% Acetaminophen: Percent = 24/172 = 14.0% No painkiller: Percent = 103/762 = 13.5%. The percent ending in miscarriage seems to be higher for those women who used aspirin or ibuprofen. Acetaminophen does not seem to pose a greater risk of miscarrying. (c) This is an observational study. (d)Stress may lead to headaches for which women take painkillers, and may also influence the chance of a miscarriage. Many other health-related examples could work here as well. (e) We have 103/145 = 71.0%. Notice that although certain painkillers appear to increase the risk of a miscarriage, it is still true that within this sample 71% of all miscarriages happened to women who did not use any painkiller.20.A.64 (a) The data are heavily skewed and there appear to be some large outliers. (b) The five-number summary (Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max) is (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.35, 0.85) (c) The mean is right of the median(0.15), because of the right skew. It is also the balance point of the distribution. We estimate the mean to be about 0.25. (d) No, it is not appropriate to use that rule with this distribution. That rule is useful when data are symmetric and bell-shaped.21.A.69 (a) This is an experiment. Double-blind means that neither the patients nor the doctors making the cancer diagnosis knew who was getting the drug and who was getting a placebo. (b) There are two variables. one records the presence or absence of prostate cancer and the other records whether the Page 13 of 14

MATH 1342 Elementary Statistics Review for test 1individual was in the finasteride group or the placebo group. (c) A two-way table for treatment groups andcancer diagnosis is below. (d) We have Percent receiving finasteride = 4368/9060 = 48.2% (e) A total of 1949 men were found to have cancer, and 1145 of these were in the placebo group, so we have 1145/1949 = 58.7%. (f) We have the following cancer rates in each group. Percent on finasteride getting cancer = 804/4368 = 18.4%. Percent on a placebo getting cancer = 1145/4692 = 24.4%. The percent getting cancer appears to be quite a bit lower for those taking finasteride.CancerNo cancerTotalFinasteride80435644368Placebo114535474692Total19497111906022.A.77 (a) The five-number summary (Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max) is (2, 15, 46, 149, 536) (b) We see thatthe interquartile range is IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 149 – 15 = 134. We compute: Q1 – 1.5(IQR) = 15 – 1.5(134) = 15 – 201 = –186. Q3 + 1.5(IQR) = 149 + 1.5(134) = 149 + 201 = 350. Outliers are any values outside these fences. In this case, there are four outliers that are larger than 350. The four outliers are 402, 447, 511, and 536.23.Since there are 136 dots, we will find the 90th percentile at 10% of 136 (13.6) dots from the right. This is around 345. US retail sales were below $345 billion in 90% of the 136 months following January 2000.24.Approximately 21/73 * 100 = 28.77%25. i) Right Skew – Jr.ii) Left Skew – Arod and Ortiziii) Roughly Symmetric – Bonds26. a. approximately 24.b. Oh yes, pretty close to being perfectly symmetric.c. s = 3.5 to 4d. 18Page 14 of 14

Demonstrate how the ethical principals of justice, fidelity, and veracity can apply to a child needing a blood transfusion, and the parents not consenting to it due to their Jehovah Witness beliefs.

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Demonstrate how the ethical principals of justice, fidelity, and veracity can apply to a child needing a blood transfusion, and the parents not consenting to it due to their Jehovah Witness beliefs.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of act-utilitarianism and virtue ethics. Which do you think is the better theory? How would you combine the two approaches to fashion a better theory?

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Topics for your Essay, Choose one

Topic A:

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of act-utilitarianism and virtue ethics. Which do you think is the better theory? How would you combine the two approaches to fashion a better theory?

Topic B:

Suppose you have an opportunity to either: (1) send $800 to an area suffering from famine to save a dozen people from starvation or (2) give the money to your little sister to buy books for college. Which would you do? Why? Explain which moral theory aligns with your decision making process.

Topic C:

According to Kant, why is breaking a promise or lying immoral? Do you agree with his reasoning? Why or why not? Can you imagine a case where one ought to lie or break a promise? Explain.

Choose either Topic A, Topic B, or Topic C. To answer these topics completely, it takes a minimum of 350 words. Use the topic questions and the scoring rubric to see if your draft responds fully to all parts of the question. A complete thoughtful answer is more important than word count.

Write a short, objective summary of 250-500 words which summarizes the main ideas being put forward by the author in this selection.

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Instructions:

After reading all of Chapter 6, please select ONE of the following primary source readings:

  • “Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals” by Immanuel Kant (starting on page 146)

Write a short, objective summary of 250-500 words which summarizes the main ideas being put forward by the author in this selection.

  1. All reading summaries must follow standard formatting requirements. (That is, standard margins, font size, and paragraph spacing is observed. Students cannot manipulate font size, margins, and paragraph spacing to meet length requirements.)
  2. Reading Summaries require that you read a primary source selection from the end of each chapter, then write a short summary that identifies the thesis and outlines the main argument. Reading summaries are not about your opinion or perspective – they are expository essays that explain the content of the reading.All reading summaries must include substantive content based on the students reading of the material.
  3. When writing Reading Summaries, you may not quote the author without proper citations. In other words, if you use the exact words of the original author (copy-paste) you MUST do a proper citation. Similarly, if you use any other website (such as Wikipedia, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, etc.) you must cite the source. Failure to cite sources properly is in violation of Student Rights and Responsibilities Manual which may result in grade penalties.

    When in doubt, quote/cite your sources. All quotes, references, and ideas lifted from any source – including internet sources MUST be properly cited in MLA/APA format.