How has each source been impacted by the current crisis, and what should policy makers do to address the shortfall in receipts that is likely to occur in the upcoming fiscal years?   How does the provision below that was included in the American Recovery Plan impact these choices? What are at least two things that you believe are measured currently in your local district.  In thinking about the impact of the corona virus on lower education across the country, how do you think these validation measures could/should change?  In your answer, you should address the Lindahl theory of benefit taxation – ie. What are you willing to pay for through a property tax?  

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Summer 2022  ECO 356

Instructions:  You should answer 5 out of the following 10 questions, each will be worth 20 points.  You may use your notes, slides, and any additional sources available to support your answer.  I will be looking for you to demonstrate that you understand these issues, the fundamentals or policy behind each, how they will shape what we can anticipate from policy makers, and/or what you believe should be done.   The links included in the questions are intended to be a guide.  Feel free to find other sources to support your answer.  Include your sources as a link, formal citation is not necessary for your additional sources but you should include links to the articles.

Save this document and answer directly following the question. Final exams should be returned to me via Blackboard  by Saturday July 2 at 1159 pm.

(1)  TAX = EXP.  From day one of this class, we discussed how the study of State and Local finance is inherently different from the issues addressed by Federal Government in their respective budgets.    The first article below is a great example of the fiscal choices that State/Local governments make.  How States and localities will manage through this crisis is dependent upon their prior fiscal choices.  What are the differences between what the Federal government can do, and what the states and localities can do?  What are the implications? You should discuss why these differences matter.

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2020/04/24/states-take-early-steps-to-manage-covid-19-budget-fallout?utm_campaign=2020-04-29+Rundown&utm_medium=email&utm_source=PewT

The recent American Recovery Plan addressed some of the above issues, as seen in the article below – what remains to be done from your perspective?  Provide examples and your justification or support.

https://taxfoundation.org/american-rescue-plan-covid-relief/#:~:text=The%20American%20Rescue%20Plan%20contains,in%202020%20from%20income%20taxes.&text=It%20only%20applies%20to%20individuals,federal%20revenue%20by%20%2424.9%20billion.

(2) Richard Musgrave’s 3-part definition of the “role” of government provides us with the rationalization for many of the policies enacted by Federal, State, and Local governments.  Please describe each and provide an example of how a government program (or policy) enacted to date to address the COVID crisis help accomplish each of the three roles.   You should have a recent example for each role.

 

https://www.usa.gov/coronavirus

 

https://www.gao.gov/coronavirus

(3)  The United States recently participated in the democratic tradition that stretches back to the founding of the republic: the once-a-decade census of its population.  From 1790 (U.S. population: 3.9 million) to 2010 (U.S. population: 309 million), the decennial census has changed alongside the nation itself. From the territory it covers, to the questions it asks, to how it collects the information, the census has reflected evolution in technology, the role of the federal government, and the size of the country itself.    The stakes are high for States, local governments, and regions across the country, which depend on a full and accurate count of their populations to ensure their fiscal health and political strength.   How has the current crisis impact this vital account of the US population?  What are areas of fiscal health that the States and local governments should be concerned about?   What will be some of the challenges?

https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.html

https://2020census.gov/content/dam/2020census/materials/partners/2020-01/Uses-of-Census-Bureau-Data-in-Federal-Funds-Distribution.pdf

(4) As we discussed in class, grants from the Federal government are generally provided through three different types.  Please describe the four elements that support grant policy and the three types of grants that the Federal government utilizes.  The article below discusses some of the outstanding issues relating to the need for additional funds from the Federal governments for the states and localities, as well as a second article which describes the most recent package signed by President Biden last month.   Based on your knowledge of why grants exist, and how they are calculated, how would you alter some of the formulas being used to distribute aid?  What recommendations should policy makers consider ensuring that the States that have been hardest hit by the crisis are compensated?  Alternatively, if you believe it is not up to the Federal government to support these states with additional relief, defend your position and offer alternatives for revenues that the State should consider.

https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-need-significantly-more-fiscal-relief-to-slow-the-emerging-deep

https://taxfoundation.org/biden-stimulus-american-rescue-plan/

(5)  Fiscal choices determine the mix of revenues that a State relies on to fund their budget on an annual basis.  Describe the primary sources of revenues that the States rely on, noting if they are progressive, regressive or proportional (explaining each).  How has each source been impacted by the current crisis, and what should policy makers do to address the shortfall in receipts that is likely to occur in the upcoming fiscal years?   How does the provision below that was included in the American Recovery Plan impact these choices?

https://taxfoundation.org/arpa-state-tax-cuts-limitation/

(6) When looking at the amount and proportion of state/local dollars that are spent annually on education, it is easy to see why there is a concern regarding the question of declining performance – that is, why, despite the investment by States/localities, scores for exams such as the SAT’s have remained constant over the last several years.  Describe the relationship between inputs and outputs or outcomes in the production of education.  What are at least two things that you believe are measured currently in your local district.  In thinking about the impact of the corona virus on lower education across the country, how do you think these validation measures could/should change?  In your answer, you should address the Lindahl theory of benefit taxation – ie. What are you willing to pay for through a property tax?

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2021/03/12/coronavirus-and-schools-reflections-on-education-one-year-into-the-pandemic/

https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/covid-analysis-american-rescue-plan-act-2021

(7)  New York State recently enacted its State fiscal year budget for 2022-23.   It was based on several assumptions and included several provisions relating to borrowing by the State to provide a source of funds for in the upcoming fiscal year.  The article below describes most of the debt related provisions included in the last year’s budget. What are the three primary reasons that State and local governments borrow?  What are the two types of debt which is utilized?  What is the difference in growth rate between the two?  Using the article below and other sources give me an example of each type of debt, and why the issuance of debt is supportable for this purpose.   Do you agree with further increasing our debt burden?  Support your position.   Alternatively, if you do not agree with these choices, defend your position, and offer alternatives for revenues that the State should consider.

https://www.empirecenter.org/publications/new-yorks-proposed-state-budget-calls-for-a-huge-debt-hike/

 

(8) Please provide an overview of the role of the Federal Government in Transportation Financing (as it relates to State & Local Governments).    What funding streams are used to finance these projects?  What is the basis for the difference in level of funding between transportation modes (highways, mass transit, rail, air & water)?  Identify the rationale behind the Federal government’s level of involvement historically. What are the current transportation issues facing New Yorkers (specifically those downstate in the NYC metropolitan region)? How will the current economic crisis affect these revenues? What additional issues do you foresee in the future?

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/05/04/coronavirus-transportation-officials-urge-federal-aid-roads-bridges/3005467001/

 

https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/495998-additional-federal-funding-for-new-yorks-transportation-system

https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2020/04/coronavirus-cases-new-york-subway-infection-riders-mta/610159/

 

http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/180480.aspx

 

https://www.rtands.com/passenger/new-york-state-comptroller-says-mta-debt-levels-threaten-capital-program/

 

(9) Economic Development is a significant programmatic area in the States, as they (i.e. the States) compete against each other to attract new businesses and the accompanying jobs in a specific state.  In addition to comparison of tax rates, there are essentially two types of incentives offered by the states – please define and explain the primary differences between the two approaches.  Your answer should include two examples of each.  Which approach do you believe is most effective why?  In light of the current crisis, what would you change or recommend as an alternative economic development program?

 

https://www.newsweek.com/why-us-economy-may-never-same-again-after-coronavirusanalysis-1501830

(10)  The COVID-19 crisis has impacted certain individuals and family units more than others.  The strain on the traditional safety net programs can be seen from an analysis of the preliminary data.

https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/tracking-the-covid-19-recessions-effects-on-food-housing-and

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2020/04/30/american-workers-safety-net-is-broken-the-covid-19-crisis-is-a-chance-to-fix-it/

Using the three roles of R. Musgrave, what would you recommend to the both the Federal & State government amend, expand or enact to correct for these inequities?  For each of the three roles, you should develop a proposal (supported by data) which you support and justify.

 

 

List each of the key financial statements and identify the kinds of information they provide to corporate managers and investors. Estimate a firm’s free cash flow and explain why free cash flow has such an important effect on firm value. List the five groups of ratios and identify, calculate, and interpret the key ratios in each group.

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FI360 Unit 2 Discussion

ULO 1- List each of the key financial statements and identify the kinds of information they provide to corporate managers and investors (CLO 2 and 3).
ULO 2- Estimate a firm’s free cash flow and explain why free cash flow has such an important effect on firm value (CLO 1 and 3).
ULO 3- List the five groups of ratios and identify, calculate, and interpret the key ratios in each group (CLO 3).

How has each source been impacted by the current crisis, and what should policy makers do to address the shortfall in receipts that is likely to occur in the upcoming fiscal years?   How does the provision below that was included in the American Recovery Plan impact these choices?  What are at least two things that you believe are measured currently in your local district.  In thinking about the impact of the corona virus on lower education across the country, how do you think these validation measures could/should change? 

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Summer 2022  ECO 356

Summary: Every semester when I start this class, my goal is to teach each of my students how the theory that is presented in the textbook operates in the real world of fiscal policy.  My hope is that you will have a better understanding of how and why you should stay informed, and most importantly engaged in the process that involves how your Federal, state, and local government spend your money each day. Understanding the context of how these fiscal decisions are made helps you become better informed taxpayers and citizens.

 

How the Federal, states and localities have responded to the events of the past two years & will continue to respond should be based on some historical context.  It should also be based on the theories we have been discussing throughout this course.  This final project is intended for you to show me that you have gained the knowledge necessary to analyze what government at all levels has done for you as taxpayers, and what they should focus on in years to come.

 

Instructions:  You should answer 5 out of the following 10 questions, each will be worth 20 points.  You may use your notes, slides, and any additional sources available to support your answer.  I will be looking for you to demonstrate that you understand these issues, the fundamentals or policy behind each, how they will shape what we can anticipate from policy makers, and/or what you believe should be done.   The links included in the questions are intended to be a guide.  Feel free to find other sources to support your answer.  Include your sources as a link, formal citation is not necessary for your additional sources, but you should include links to the articles.

Save this document and answer directly following the question. Final exams should be returned to me via Blackboard by Saturday July 2 at 1159 pm.

(1)  TAX = EXP.  From day one of this class, we discussed how the study of State and Local finance is inherently different from the issues addressed by Federal Government in their respective budgets.    The first article below is a great example of the fiscal choices that State/Local governments make.  How States and localities will manage through this crisis is dependent upon their prior fiscal choices.  What are the differences between what the Federal government can do, and what the states and localities can do?  What are the implications? You should discuss why these differences matter.

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2020/04/24/states-take-early-steps-to-manage-covid-19-budget-fallout?utm_campaign=2020-04-29+Rundown&utm_medium=email&utm_source=PewT

The recent American Recovery Plan addressed some of the above issues, as seen in the article below – what remains to be done from your perspective?  Provide examples and your justification or support.

https://taxfoundation.org/american-rescue-plan-covid-relief/#:~:text=The%20American%20Rescue%20Plan%20contains,in%202020%20from%20income%20taxes.&text=It%20only%20applies%20to%20individuals,federal%20revenue%20by%20%2424.9%20billion.

(2) Richard Musgrave’s 3-part definition of the “role” of government provides us with the rationalization for many of the policies enacted by Federal, State, and Local governments.  Please describe each and provide an example of how a government program (or policy) enacted to date to address the COVID crisis help accomplish each of the three roles.   You should have a recent example for each role.

 

https://www.usa.gov/coronavirus

 

https://www.gao.gov/coronavirus

(3)  The United States recently participated in the democratic tradition that stretches back to the founding of the republic: the once-a-decade census of its population.  From 1790 (U.S. population: 3.9 million) to 2010 (U.S. population: 309 million), the decennial census has changed alongside the nation itself. From the territory it covers, to the questions it asks, to how it collects the information, the census has reflected evolution in technology, the role of the federal government, and the size of the country itself.    The stakes are high for States, local governments, and regions across the country, which depend on a full and accurate count of their populations to ensure their fiscal health and political strength.   How has the current crisis impact this vital account of the US population?  What are areas of fiscal health that the States and local governments should be concerned about?   What will be some of the challenges?

https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.html

https://2020census.gov/content/dam/2020census/materials/partners/2020-01/Uses-of-Census-Bureau-Data-in-Federal-Funds-Distribution.pdf

(4) As we discussed in class, grants from the Federal government are generally provided through three different types.  Please describe the four elements that support grant policy and the three types of grants that the Federal government utilizes.  The article below discusses some of the outstanding issues relating to the need for additional funds from the Federal governments for the states and localities, as well as a second article which describes the most recent package signed by President Biden last month.   Based on your knowledge of why grants exist, and how they are calculated, how would you alter some of the formulas being used to distribute aid?  What recommendations should policy makers consider ensuring that the States that have been hardest hit by the crisis are compensated?  Alternatively, if you believe it is not up to the Federal government to support these states with additional relief, defend your position and offer alternatives for revenues that the State should consider.

https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-need-significantly-more-fiscal-relief-to-slow-the-emerging-deep

https://taxfoundation.org/biden-stimulus-american-rescue-plan/

(5)  Fiscal choices determine the mix of revenues that a State relies on to fund their budget on an annual basis.  Describe the primary sources of revenues that the States rely on, noting if they are progressive, regressive or proportional (explaining each).  How has each source been impacted by the current crisis, and what should policy makers do to address the shortfall in receipts that is likely to occur in the upcoming fiscal years?   How does the provision below that was included in the American Recovery Plan impact these choices?

https://taxfoundation.org/arpa-state-tax-cuts-limitation/

(6) When looking at the amount and proportion of state/local dollars that are spent annually on education, it is easy to see why there is a concern regarding the question of declining performance – that is, why, despite the investment by States/localities, scores for exams such as the SAT’s have remained constant over the last several years.  Describe the relationship between inputs and outputs or outcomes in the production of education.  What are at least two things that you believe are measured currently in your local district.  In thinking about the impact of the corona virus on lower education across the country, how do you think these validation measures could/should change?  In your answer, you should address the Lindahl theory of benefit taxation – ie. What are you willing to pay for through a property tax?

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2021/03/12/coronavirus-and-schools-reflections-on-education-one-year-into-the-pandemic/

https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/covid-analysis-american-rescue-plan-act-2021

(7)  New York State recently enacted its State fiscal year budget for 2022-23.   It was based on several assumptions and included several provisions relating to borrowing by the State to provide a source of funds for in the upcoming fiscal year.  The article below describes most of the debt related provisions included in the last year’s budget. What are the three primary reasons that State and local governments borrow?  What are the two types of debt which is utilized?  What is the difference in growth rate between the two?  Using the article below and other sources give me an example of each type of debt, and why the issuance of debt is supportable for this purpose.   Do you agree with further increasing our debt burden?  Support your position.   Alternatively, if you do not agree with these choices, defend your position, and offer alternatives for revenues that the State should consider.

https://www.empirecenter.org/publications/new-yorks-proposed-state-budget-calls-for-a-huge-debt-hike/

 

(8) Please provide an overview of the role of the Federal Government in Transportation Financing (as it relates to State & Local Governments).    What funding streams are used to finance these projects?  What is the basis for the difference in level of funding between transportation modes (highways, mass transit, rail, air & water)?  Identify the rationale behind the Federal government’s level of involvement historically. What are the current transportation issues facing New Yorkers (specifically those downstate in the NYC metropolitan region)? How will the current economic crisis affect these revenues? What additional issues do you foresee in the future?

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/05/04/coronavirus-transportation-officials-urge-federal-aid-roads-bridges/3005467001/

 

https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/495998-additional-federal-funding-for-new-yorks-transportation-system

https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2020/04/coronavirus-cases-new-york-subway-infection-riders-mta/610159/

 

http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/180480.aspx

 

https://www.rtands.com/passenger/new-york-state-comptroller-says-mta-debt-levels-threaten-capital-program/

 

(9) Economic Development is a significant programmatic area in the States, as they (i.e. the States) compete against each other to attract new businesses and the accompanying jobs in a specific state.  In addition to comparison of tax rates, there are essentially two types of incentives offered by the states – please define and explain the primary differences between the two approaches.  Your answer should include two examples of each.  Which approach do you believe is most effective why?  In light of the current crisis, what would you change or recommend as an alternative economic development program?

 

https://www.newsweek.com/why-us-economy-may-never-same-again-after-coronavirusanalysis-1501830

(10)  The COVID-19 crisis has impacted certain individuals and family units more than others.  The strain on the traditional safety net programs can be seen from an analysis of the preliminary data.

https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/tracking-the-covid-19-recessions-effects-on-food-housing-and

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2020/04/30/american-workers-safety-net-is-broken-the-covid-19-crisis-is-a-chance-to-fix-it/

Using the three roles of R. Musgrave, what would you recommend to the both the Federal & State government amend, expand or enact to correct for these inequities?  For each of the three roles, you should develop a proposal (supported by data) which you support and justify.

Analyze and integrate concepts from the course for optimum benefits of debt over equity such as cash management, inventory control, lease financing, and mergers and acquisitions perspective should be deployed. Critically evaluate how this trend can be integrated into the current operation of an organization.

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Managerial finance

Requirements

Assess how and why corporations make specific decisions in the areas of capital budgeting, raising capital, and propose the best Debt/Equity ratio suitable for an internationally recognized stock listed enterprise (i.e. NYSE, SME, etc).

Analyze and integrate concepts from the course for optimum benefits of debt over equity such as cash management, inventory control, lease financing, and mergers and acquisitions perspective should be deployed.

Critically evaluate how this trend can be integrated into the current operation of an organization. All selected organizations must be approved by the course instructor.

Evaluate the creditworthiness of commercial lending transactions across all lending platforms including in depth analysis of Real Estate, C&I, Private Banking, and international portfolios.

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Personal Statement Essay

  • Evaluate the creditworthiness of commercial lending transactions across all lending platforms including in depth analysis of Real Estate, C&I, Private Banking, and international portfolios.
  • Mitigate potential credit problems by calculating and monitoring limit exceptions, portfolio deterioration, and rating migrations.
  • Recognized for strong ability to analyze financial statements, calculate ratios, draw credit conclusions, and make recommendations and presentations to senior management.
  • Perform complex quantitative and qualitative analysis of key metrics and model output related to credit loss forecasting
  • Strong IT and data management skills including experience with relevant software packages such as MS Office (Excel, PowerPoint), VBA, Alteryx, and Tableau
  • Theoretical and practical knowledge of risk management techniques, specifically within credit risk and stress testing
  • Strong knowledge in Regulatory reporting such as CCARR and BASEL III.

Choose a country that has a national innovation policy and critically evaluate it. Critically analyze the methods by which a company can recognize opportunities and generate ideas for new products.

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Entrepreneurship & Innovation Assessment-2022

The coursework report requires you to focus on any ONE of following tasks, A or B.

Task A
A. Drawing on the knowledge gained from this module and relevant readings, critically evaluate the applicability of Innovation by a company of your choice – this could include your current or target employer or your own company). You are required to examine how innovation-oriented the business is, providing apposite justification based on sound readings. Further, you shall cover innovation concepts on the TWO following aspects:
• Use of Business Models – explain the purpose of business models and critically evaluate their application in the case of your chosen business
• Marketing Challenges associated with innovative businesses and methods to overcome them.

Task B
B. Drawing on the knowledge gained from this module and relevant readings, critically evaluate the following:
a) Choose a country that has a national innovation policy and critically evaluate it.
AND
b) Critically analyze the methods by which a company can recognize opportunities and generate ideas for new products.

Higher marks are typically awarded to well-structured, finely presented answers which demonstrate a good understanding and application of the concepts covered up until the submission deadline for this assignment, including indicating how these concepts might help the company sustain itself in the long run. Reports that merely describe are unlikely to earn a high mark. Your report should be no more than 2,500 words long (including executive summary, BUT excluding references), and the submission deadline will be advised by the Course Team

Use economic theory and the evidence provided in the case study material to assess the effects on the banking system of a central banker that acts as the lender of the last resort. Discuss whether regulations in addition to a lender of the last resort are needed for the efficient operation of the financial system.

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Interbank Contagion during the Depression

https://voxeu.org/article/interbank-contagion-during-depression

After reading the case study material “Interbank Contagion during the Depression and its implications for Regulation today” answer the following questions:
1. Drawing on the details in case study material, explain how interbank connections can affect the exposure of individual banks and the banking system to liquidity risk.
2. Use economic theory and the evidence provided in the case study material to assess the effects on the banking system of a central banker that acts as the lender of the last resort.
3. Discuss whether regulations in addition to a lender of the last resort are needed for the efficient operation of the financial system.

What is the purpose of capital budgeting and how does it align to the corporate or finance strategy? What are the expected capital expenditures for your company for this year? What are they investing in capital assets?

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Response:

Write a RESPONSE to the classmate’s discussion post below, analyzing their answer and findings. 10 -12 sentences.:

1. What is the purpose of capital budgeting and how does it align to the corporate or finance strategy?

The purpose of capital budgeting to determine which major projects or investments a company should pursue. During this process, the firm is analyzing whether or not the project/investment will provide significant returns compared to the initial cash spent on the project/investment. This type of analysis involves using present value, discounted cash flow, and payback analysis, all of which we are currently learning. The purpose of capital budgeting aligns with ADP’s strategy because ADP’s strategy consists of heavy talk about growth. The firm looks to grow its offering in HCM solutions, HR outsourcing solutions, and global solutions. Essentially, ADP’s strategy aims to continue to innovate and develop new softwares that will make ADP stand out among competitors. Therefore, capital budgeting aligns with the firm’s strategy because capital budgeting is a necessary process in fostering growth and innovation. Big projects and firm-changing investments are the steps that evetnually need to be taken in order to grow the company on a significant scale.

2. What are the expected capital expenditures for your company for this year? What are they investing in capital assets?

The expected capital expenditures for the year 2022 are estimated to be somewhere between $200 million and $225 million. In terms of capital assets, the firm is mainly investing in its Employer Services sstrategic business unit. For the year 2021, $50,279.3 million were invested in Employer Services.

2. In the 10-K Item 6 Selected Financial Data – Review some interesting events that impacted the financial statements of the company?

Under Item 6 for ADP’s 10-K, it states that this section is not applicable for ADP. However, in Item 7, there is some talk about how ADP’s strategy and offering is evolving as the world of work evolves. The pandemic has had a mjor effect on what is considered to be “normal work operations”. Now, so many people work from home and other significant changes in the world of work have been made. Item 7 discusses how ADP has had to account for these changes in its HR offerrings sich HR practices are changing with the world of work. These events would have an effect on the company’s overall financials as it supports the fact that ADP is facing a growth phase.

3. In the 10-K Item 3 Review some of the more interesting legal proceedings against the company.

Item 3 does not contain a lot information for ADP. In fact, this section only has 2 sentences for the firm. Essentially, what these sentences are saying is that ADP is not majorly concerned with the impact of legal proceedings on its overall health. The firm knows legal proceedings are possible, but it states they have strong defenses in place in the case that something does come up. The firm states that its financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows are not threatened by potential legal proceedings.

Review the annual report, paying particular attention to the financial statements and the notes to the financial statements. How are their financial statements similar and different from those presented in the text? Describe the differences, if any, and explain why you believe the differences exist.

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A Company annual report

Choose a publicly traded company that you are familiar with. Go to the selected company’s website and look at their annual report (10k). If you prefer, you may also go to the Securities Exchange Commission’s EDGAR database and download the annual report.

Review the annual report, paying particular attention to the financial statements and the notes to the financial statements. How are their financial statements similar and different from those presented in the text? Describe the differences, if any, and explain why you believe the differences exist. As a potential investor, what areas do you think you should be most concerned with, if any, based upon the notes? Assuming you had unlimited funds, would this be a company you would invest in? Why or why not?

Outline the process of buying a home and identify at least 3 ways math is important during that process. Explain why math is important in each of those cases and illustrate your point by using math in some examples.

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Housing – Outline the process of buying a home and identify at least 3 ways math is important during that process. Explain why math is important in each of those cases and illustrate your point by using math in some examples (e.g., “If I would like to put at least 20% down on a house that costs $____, then I know I should save at least ____.”)

Vehicles – Outline the process of buying a new or used vehicle and identify at least 3 ways math is important during that process. Explain why math is important in each of those cases and illustrate your point by using math in some examples (e.g., “If I would like to put at least 35% down on a new car that costs $____, then I know I should save at least ____.”)

Nutrition – Pick a nutritional goal (such as a decrease in calories, an increase in fiber, etc.). Identify at least 3 ways math helps you reach that goal. Be sure to illustrate your point by using math in some examples (e.g., “If I don’t want to eat more than 10g of sugar for my dessert each evening and a serving of gelato contains 24g of sugar, I know I can only eat ____% of a serving.”)