Briefly summarize the main topics/trends/events happening in each of those three sections. In a brief paragraph, based on the information from this reading, summarize how the Industrial City differed from the Mercantile City.

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GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN DIVERSITY

Read Michael Conzen’s ‘The Impact of Industrialism and Modernity on American Cities, 1860-1930’ and then respond to the prompt.

This reading is divided into three sections: SHAPING A NATIONAL CITY SYSTEM, THE TRANSFORMATION OF SPACE and THE MOUNTING PROBLEMS OF URBANISM.

  • Briefly summarize the main topics/trends/events happening in each of those three sections. Your summary can be a bullet pointed list; though each point should consist of complete, well-written sentences.
  • In a brief paragraph, based on the information from this reading, summarize how the Industrial City differed from the Mercantile City. Try to paint a broad picture of the industrial city, focusing on the big changes that occurred both in the urban system and within the city.

Identify a claim in the first article and fact check it using a scientific article or reputable news outlet or report. List the claim, summarize the research you did to fact check (and include links to any resources you used), and provide your assessment of the validity of that claim.

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Assignment Details Environmental Science (GE01330, Spring 2023)

ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Read the following articles providing perspectives for and against fracking:
• Supportive: https://clearpath.org/energy-i 01 /how-fracking-strengthens-america/ • Opposed: [LINK] or [PDF]
Answer the following questions in complete sentences and proofread your responses.

Questions:
1. What are two arguments in favor of fracking?

2. How credible did you find these arguments and the first article? Please justify your answer.

3. Identify a claim in the first article and fact check it using a scientific article or reputable news outlet or report. List the claim, summarize the research you did to fact check (and include links to any resources you used), and provide your assessment of the validity of that claim.

4. What are two arguments against fracking?

5. How credible did you find these arguments and the second article? Please justify your answer.

6. Identify a claim in the second article and fact check it using a scientific article or reputable news outlet or report. List the claim, summarize the research you did to fact check (and include links to any resources you used), and provide your assessment of the validity of that claim.

7. After reading these articles and doing some additional research, how did your views towards fracking change or stay the same, and why?

 

Describe, explain, and analyze the post-World War II origins of the European Union. In what ways was this origin rooted in American Open Door foreign policy?

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Essay number 6

Describe, explain, and analyze the post-World War II origins of the European Union. In what ways was this origin rooted in American Open Door foreign policy? Describe, explain, and analyze the foundational roots of Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms. What was Gorbachev trying to do with these reforms? Describe, explain, and analyze how bureaucratic states become non-innovative over time? Describe, explain, and analyze the meanings of perestroika and glasnost. Your essay should be approximately 1500 words in length.

Identify the type of agriculture practiced in this region. Explain the impact of the type of agriculture practiced in this region. Describe the Köppen climate classification system.

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Middle East FRQ

  • Identify the type of agriculture practiced in this region.
  • Explain the impact of the type of agriculture practiced in this region.
  • Describe the Köppen climate classification system.
  • Identify the climatic zone in which this region is located.
  • Explain the relationship between the region’s climate and the type of agriculture it practices.
  • Define regional agricultural interdependence.
  • Explain how regional agricultural interdependence relates to this region.

What is deforestation? What is the causes deforestation? Where has deforestation affected the most? Why is deforestation happening?

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Deforestation

What is deforestation?
What is the causes deforestation?
Where has deforestation affected the most?
Why is deforestation happening?
How many trees have been cut down?
Why is deforestation bad?
What are the environmental impacts?
What are the social impacts?
What are the economic impacts?
What will happen if we don’t stop deforestation?

Imagine you are the Director of Environmental Safety for a major city in the United States. As the director, you have been asked to educate the public on chemical and mechanical weathering of national monuments, such as the limestone buildings in Washington, DC, or important tombs made of limestone throughout the country. Create an educational brochure.

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Educational brochure

Imagine you are the Director of Environmental Safety for a major city in the United States. As the director, you have been asked to educate the public on chemical and mechanical weathering of national monuments, such as the limestone buildings in Washington, DC, or important tombs made of limestone throughout the country. Create an educational brochure that includes the following information:

  • Definitions of both mechanical and chemical weathering
  • Descriptions of frost wedging, frost heaving, salt-crystal growth, and exfoliation
  • Descriptions of hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation
  • Explanation of the relationship between chemical and mechanical weathering
  • Explanation of how human activity affects chemical and mechanical weathering

 

Explain what stimulus diffusion is as a type of cultural diffusion. Explain how stimulus diffusion is seen in Mexico and Japan. Give clear and informative examples.

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Stimulus cultural diffusion in Mexico and Japan

Explain what stimulus diffusion is as a type of cultural diffusion. Explain how stimulus diffusion is seen in Mexico and Japan. Give clear and informative examples.

Within the Pacific Standard Time Zone, Los Angeles (based on 118˚ W) reports sunrise at 6:20 A.M., what time will the sun rise in San Bernardino (based on 117˚ W)?

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Part 1: Location

Exercise 3.1:

On the World map located at the end of this lab, plot the following coordinates with a dot. Label each dot with the corresponding letter:

  • Point A- 20˚ N, 60˚ E
  • Point B- 60˚ S, 90˚ E
  • Point D- 20˚ S, 120˚ W
  • Point E- 30˚ N, 90˚ W

On the World map located at the end of this lab, draw and label the following important lines of latitude and longitude:

  • North Pole (90˚ N)
  • Arctic Circle (66.5˚ N)
  • Tropic of Cancer (23.5˚ N)
  • Equator (0˚)
  • Tropic of Capricorn (23.5˚ S)
  • Antarctic Circle (66.5˚ S)
  • South Pole (90˚ S)
  • Prime Meridian (0˚)

 

If you began a trip at 60° east, 20° south and traveled 120° farther east and 60° north, your new position would be

  1. A) the International Dateline at 80° south latitude.
  2. B) the International Dateline at 40° north latitude.
  3. C) the Greenwich meridian at 80° south latitude.
  4. D) the Greenwich meridian at 40° north latitude.
Exercise 3.2:

Open the Lab 2 Digital Map: and answer the following questions. To determine the latitude/longitude coordinates of a place, use the Location tool found under Measure.

You may also access this map from Canvas.

Use the search bar to look up these locations. Remember that by convention, latitude is always listed first, longitude second.

 

LOCATION LATITUDE & LONGITUDE
New York City  
Buenos Aires, Argentina  
Brussels, Belgium  
Jakarta, Indonesia  

 

  1. Based on your answers to Question 1, complete the following sentences.
    Locations in the northern hemisphere have a _____________ (positive or negative) coordinate, while locations in the southern hemisphere have a ______________(positive or negative) Locations in the Eastern hemisphere have a_______________ (positive or negative) coordinate, while locations in the Western hemisphere have a _______________ (positive or negative) coordinate.

 

 

  1. Use the search bar to answer these questions. Note: when using the search tool, you must enter longitude first and latitude second. There is no need to include the degree sign (°), but you must use the correct positive or negative signs (See Question 2). You may need to zoom out a bit once you enter the coordinates.

 

For example, to find Orange, Ca enter these coordinates: -117.85, 33.79

 

LOCATION TYPE LATITUDE LONGITUDE
  major city 31.19˚ N 29.92˚ E
  major city 12.05˚ S 77.02˚ W
  country 30˚ S 25˚ E
  major city 61.22˚ N 150.05˚ W
  1. Find your current location by using the compass on your phone or by dropping a pin on your phone’s map app. How does your location compare to the following location: 33.8121° N, 117.9190° W? Are you close by this location? How far away are you in terms of latitude/longitude? Are you north or south of this location? East or west? Be as specific as possible when describing your current location in relation to this location.

 

Exercise 3.3:
  1. Convert the following locations in Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds to Decimal Degrees. Show Work.

 

LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Decimal Degrees Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Decimal Degrees
35° 40’ 60” N   139° 39’ 58” E  
30° 2’ 20” S   25° 28’ 30” E  

 

  1. Convert the following locations in Decimal Degrees to Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds. Show Work.

 

LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Decimal Degrees Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Decimal Degrees
  12.0433° S   77.0283° W
  59.8581° N   17.6447° E

 

  1. You are considering your next vacation. One possibility is Location A at 17.6626° N and the other is Location B at 17.7589° N. Assuming that 1° of latitude is approximately 69 miles on Earth’s surface, Location A is how many miles closer to the equator than Location B?
 

 

Part 2: Time– “Sun” time versus ”Clock” time

Exercise 3.4:

 

  1. Within the Pacific Standard Time Zone, Los Angeles (based on 118˚ W) reports sunrise at 6:20 A.M., what time will the sun rise in San Bernardino (based on 117˚ W)?
  2. Within the Pacific Standard Time Zone, Victorville (based on 117˚ W) reports sunset at 6:36 p.m., what time will the sunset in Santa Barbara (based on 120˚ W)?
  3. On July 25, Dover, Delaware experienced sunrise at 5:56 am. Elsewhere in the Eastern Standard Time Zone, City A (at a similar latitude) experienced sunrise at 6:36 am.
  4. Is City A west or east of Dover? Explain your reasoning.
  5. How many degrees of longitude separate these two locations?

Part 3: Time–  Standard Time

 

Exercise 3.5:

Use the longitude of the time zone’s controlling meridian (which has been provided for you) to answer the following questions.  I have also included a blank diagram to help you visualize time zones.

 

  1. If it is 7:00 P.M. in Houston (based on 90˚ W), what time is it in New York City (based on 75˚ W)?
  2. If it is 8:00 A.M. Thursday in Denver, Colorado (based on 105˚ W), what time and day is it in Beijing, China (based on 120˚ E)?
  3. At Location A (based on 120˚ W), it is 1:00 P.M. Tuesday, elsewhere at Location B it is 11 P.M. on Tuesday. What is the longitude of Location B?
  4. Your plane leaves Seattle, Washington (based on 120˚ W) at 10:00 P.M. on Friday, bound for Orlando, Florida (based on 75˚ W). The flight takes 6 hours. What is the time and day when you arrive in Orlando? Hint: Calculate difference in time then add flight time.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Your plane leaves Los Angeles (based on 120˚ W) at 11 P.M. on Monday bound for Sydney, Australia (based on 150˚ E). The flight takes 13 hours. What is the time and day when you arrive in Sydney? Hint: Calculate difference in time then add flight time.

 

 

 

 

  1. On your return flight from Sydney, you leave at 3 P.M. on Sunday. The flight takes 14 hours. What time and day is it when you arrive in Los Angeles? Hint: Calculate difference in time then add flight time.

 

 

 

How does the earth formed ? After the great explosion what happened next ?

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Theory behind big bang

How does the earth formed ? After the great explosion what happened next ?

 

Write an essay integrating climate and satellite remote sensing data for predicting county-level wheat yield in China using machine learning methods

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Integrating climate and satellite remote sensing data for predicting county-level wheat yield in China using machine learning methods

Early and reliable crop yield prediction on a large scale is imperative for making in-season crop management decisions as well as for ensuring global food security. The integrated use of climate and remote sensing data for predicting yield at regional and national scales has been previously investigated in various parts of the world. However, such attempts for national scale yield prediction, particularly in different planting zones in China have been rarely reported. For this purpose, this study explored the potential of nine climate variables, three remote sensing-derived metrics, and three machine learning methods (random forest, support vector machine, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) for predicting wheat yield based on data acquired during 2002–2010from 1582 counties across China’s three wheat planting zones. Our results illustrated large spatial divergences for yield prediction.

The best performance (R2 = 0.79 and R2 = 0.66) was achieved for the northern winter wheat and northern spring wheat planting zones, respectively. Water-related climatic variables outperformed temperature-related variables, with the best individual predictive performance (R2 = 0.67). Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence had better performance (R2 = 0.60) for predicting the crop yield than NDVI and EVI. Climate data across the whole growing season has provided additional information for yield prediction as compared to remote sensing data. The additional contribution for yield prediction in winter wheat planting zones benefiting from climate data decreased from sowing to maturity, which was the opposite in remote sensing data.

Typically, the support vector machine outperformed other models and the prediction in winter wheat planting zones performed better than the spring wheat planting zone. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating climate and remote sensing data for accurate county-level yield prediction in China. These kinds of simple and scalable machine learning methods could be targeted for further work by agricultural researchers and advisors.