Describe what the data show and provide some discussion of how each of the costimulatory ligands (B7.1, B7.2 and CTLA-4) influence T cell activation.

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This is an essay-type assignment so we require you to introduce, present and interpret and discuss your data in the format you would see in a published research article. (An example article is Yang et al., 2018, Immunology 155, 263-272 but clearly this has a lot more results than you have.) This needs to be submitted in a word document/PDF via MyAberdeen (max word count 2000).
1. Provide an abstract (summary) and an introduction with some background on T cell activation and the need for costimulation. Also include a section on why IL-2 is a useful cytokine to measure as a marker of T cell activation.
2. Write out the methods as you would see written in a research paper.
3. Results: Construct a standard curve using 4 cycle semi-log graph paper (provided). Use the X axis for IL-2 concentration (pg/mL) and the Y axis for the spectrophotometer values (label the axis OD450 nm).
4. Use the standard curve to calculate how much IL-2 has been produced in each of your treatment samples. You can combine replicate samples to provide a mean and SEM for each sample.
5. Plot the data as a bar chart so that each treatment can be compared.
6. Describe what the data show and provide some discussion of how each of the costimulatory ligands (B7.1, B7.2 and CTLA-4) influence T cell activation. Suggest other experiments that might be used to examine T cell activation.
7. Provide a references section
i have atteched files contain Perfect data RESULT for the ELISA in order to Construct a standard curve using 4 cycle semi-log graph paper (provided). Use the X axis for IL-2 concentration (pg/mL) and the Y axis for the spectrophotometer values (label the axis OD450 nm). Also, the detail of assignment information.

Write a description of team leadership and its characteristics.

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This is for a Dr. PH Public Health Leadership and Systems Thinking course

Write a description of team leadership and its characteristics. Then, describe two challenges teams may face when leading an organization. Finally, explain whether team leadership is an effective approach. Justify your response.
Please use ch 6 or 8 from the textbook and one additional resource from below
Resources
Nahavandi, A. (2014). The art and science of leadership (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. (Ch 6 & 8)
Anonson, J. M. S., Ferguson, L., Macdonald, M. B., Murray, B. L., Fowler-Kerry, S., & Bally, J. M. G. (2009). The anatomy of interprofessional leadership: An investigation of leadership behaviors in team-based health care. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(3), 17–25.
Ilgen, D. R., Hollenbeck, J. R., Johnson, M., & Jundt, D. (2005). Teams in organizations: from input-process-output models to IMOI models. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 517–543.
van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228–1261.

Briefly describe evidence-based practice (EBP) and the part played by research in EBP

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ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Introduction (suggest approximately 400 words)
• Introduce a research article that is applicable or potentially applicable to your individual
practice
• Outline the relevance of the article to your present or future practice
• Explain why the topic being addressed in the article is important
• Evidence Based Practice
• Evidence Based Practice (suggest approximately 300 words)
• Briefly describe evidence-based practice (EBP) and the part played by research in EBP
• Explain why EBP is important to patient/client care as well as your profession and
professional identity
Literature Search Strategy Example
A literature search strategy using Medline, Cinahl Plus and the Cochrane Library for the time
period 01-01-2007 to 01-01-2017, using the search terms [Child OR Paediatric] AND [Febrile
illness OR Pyrexia] AND [Emergency Care], yielded 35 clinical papers, of which, on reading
the abstracts, only five studies were clinically relevant to the subject area.
6
A further manual search of profession specific journals (the Journal of Paramedic Practice
and the Emergency Medicine Journal) was done for the same time period and a further two
articles were found to be clinically relevant to the subject chosen.
All seven are included in the assignment to support the discussion.
Main body
• Main body (approximately 1800 words)
• Identify the critical appraisal tool (critiquing framework) that you will be using to critique
the article
• Explain why you have chosen that tool
• Use the framework or tool to help you identify strengths and weaknesses in the research
article – i.e. what makes it a good or bad example of that type of research
• Outline, analyse and evaluate the main identified strengths and weaknesses of the
research article
• Demonstrate an understanding of ethical principles in relation to the research article
• Could this piece of research
influence your practice?
• Could this piece of research influence your practice? (approximately 300 words)
• What are the most significant factors that would enable this piece of evidence to be
used in (or inform) your actual practice?
• What are the most significant factors that would prevent this piece of research from
being used in (or informing) your actual practice?
• Conclusion
• Conclusion (approximately 300 words)
• Summarise the key points and make a judgement about the value of the article.
• Evaluate the usefulness of the findings in relation to your practice.
• Important
•
Throughout the essay:
• Demonstrate an understanding of research terminology.
• Demonstrate wide reading and familiarity with other research papers.
• Demonstrate an understanding of ethical principles.
•
Critique
A research critique is not just a summary of a study but rather a careful appraisal of its
merits and flaws. Its function is not to hunt dogmatically for and expose mistakes. A
good critique objectively identifies areas of adequacy and inadequacy, virtues as well
as faults
Polit and Beck (2006, p.437)
Ethical understanding
• Demonstrate an understanding of ethical issues and principles throughout the
essay

Create a flow chart using Microsoft® Word that illustrates the sequence of basic steps in the collections process.

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Imagine you work at a local medical office and have been asked to train the new billing specialist on the collections process.
Create a flow chart using Microsoft® Word that illustrates the sequence of basic steps in the collections process.
Write a 350- to 700-word script below your flow chart that could be used for a short instructional video to accompany the flow chart. The script must provide an overview of how to use the flow chart when handling a collections account. Include details about what to do at each step in the flow chart.
Cite any sources. For additional information on how to properly cite your sources, utilize the Reference and Citation Generator.

List any specific barriers that will need to be assessed and eliminated.

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This is for part 3 of the capstone project.
Write a paper of 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page) paper for your proposed evidence-based practice project solution. Address the following criteria:
Proposed Solution
Describe the proposed solution (or intervention) for the problem and the way(s) in which it is consistent with current evidence. Heavily reference and provide substantial evidence for your solution or intervention.
Consider if the intervention may be unrealistic in your setting, too costly, or there is a lack of appropriate training available to deliver the intervention. If it is, you may need to go back and make changes to your PICOT before continuing.
Organization Culture
Explain the way(s) in which the proposed solution is consistent with the organization or community culture and resources.
Expected Outcomes
Explain the expected outcomes of the project. The outcomes should flow from the PICOT.
Method to Achieve Outcomes
Develop an outline of how the outcomes will be achieved. List any specific barriers that will need to be assessed and eliminated. Make sure to mention any assumptions or limitations which may need to be addressed.
Outcome Impact
Describe the impact the outcomes will have on one or all of the following indicators: quality care improvement, patient-centered quality care, efficiency of processes, environmental changes, and/or professional expertise.
Paper Guidelines
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required for the individual sections, but is required for the final paper.

What cognitive and emotional developmental issues are at play when tweens and teens make the decision to have sex?

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Adolescent Sexual Activity Rates: Many young people engage in sexual risk behaviors that can result in unintended health outcomes. For example, among U.S. high school students surveyed in 20151
41% have had sexual intercourse.
30% have had sexual intercourse during the previous 3 months, and, of these
43% did not use a condom the last time they had sex.
14% did not use any method to prevent pregnancy.
21% drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse.
Only 10% of sexually experienced students have ever been tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).*
CDC data show that lesbian, gay, and bisexual high school students are at substantial risk for serious health outcomes(https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/smy.htm).
Sexual risk behaviors place teens at risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancy:
Young people (aged 13-24) accounted for an estimated 22% of all new HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2015.2
Among young people (aged 13-24) diagnosed with HIV in 2015, 81% were gay and bisexual males.2
Half of the nearly 20 million new STDs reported each year were among young people, between the ages of 15 to 24.3
Nearly 230,000 babies were born to teen girls aged 15–19 years in 2015.4
To reduce sexual risk behaviors and related health problems among youth, schools and other youth-serving organizations can help young people adopt lifelong attitudes and behaviors that support their health and well-being—including behaviors that reduce their risk for HIV(https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html), other STDs, and unintended pregnancy(https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/index.htm). The National HIV/AIDS Strategy calls for all Americans to be educated about HIV. This includes knowing how HIV is transmitted and prevented, and knowing which behaviors place individuals at greatest risk for infection. HIV awareness and education(https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/hecat/pdf/hecat_module_sh.pdf) should be universally integrated into all educational environments.
CDC recommends(https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/guidelines/index.html) all adolescents and adults 13-64 get tested for HIV at least once as part of routine medical care.
Questions:
Should high schools be able to dispense contraceptives to students? Why or why not?
What cognitive and emotional developmental issues are at play when tweens and teens make the decision to have sex?
Should school address these issues if they are going to give our contraceptives? If so how should they do this?
What role should parents play in sex education, including pregnancy and HIV?
Support your answer with a solution to the societal problem.
Note: Remember to cite a source in your post.

Discuss the implications of what you learned about environmental injustice in siting of hog ILOs from the article and your own results.

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Please see the documents.
Answer from the Required Information the parts that are highlighted in blue.
. An explanation of the meaning of income or race to health in the context of North Carolina, as well as potential meanings of income and race to swine ILO siting decisions. For instance, consider access to health-promoting resources, land-use policy, historical context, and exposure comorbidities.
3. Information about the relationship between race or income and swine ILO locations.
. Discuss the implications of what you learned about environmental injustice in siting of hog ILOs from the article and your own results.
a. Make specific public health recommendations—for example for future research, policy, programs, or interventions—related to race or income and swine ILOs. –

How quickly did the MA hospitals and nursing staff adopt the new policy change?

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Elizabeth S

  1. Evaluation Plan
    1. Measure Cumulative Progress
  1. How quickly did the MA hospitals and nursing staff adopt the new policy change?
  2. Utilization of the new implementation (quarterly)
    1. Use anonymous individual surveys to ask the nursing staff/ MA hospitals how they are liking the new implementation
    2. Suggestion box for obtaining feedback
  • How proficient are staff becoming with implementing the new policy?
  1. Compare before and after infection rates w/ new implemented plan in place
  2. Benchmarks
  3. Nurses are implanting the new policy successfully
    1. Should see a significant decrease in CLABSI rates with new implementation
  4. MA hospitals will be followed for 1 year
    1. Obtain accurate data
      1. Monthly checks for infection rates
      2. Check staff compliance
    2. Continue to gather data on CVC placement and line days
  • Continue to track admissions, discharges and CLABSI related deaths
    1. Follow up with patients who are d/c’d home with CVC lines
      1. Checking for patient compliance with CVC care
      2. Checking to see if infection occurred after discharge home with a CVC
      3. EMR should have information on CVC insertion and removal dates
    2. Determine if implementation is working
      1. Was there a reduction in CLABSI with new implementation?
      2. Drop in CLABSI rates over a 1-year period = success
      3. Success = keeping the new initiative in place
    3. Offer hospitals an incentive for CLABSI reduction
  1. Feedback
  2. Utilization of catheter caps
  3. Promote success by sharing data
  • Asking/ receiving nursing staff and MA hospital administrators and stakeholder input
  1. Providing information to patients and families about CVC care and new policies
    1. To ensure that they are aware of the process to promote change and reduce infection rates
    2. Assessing barriers
      1. Maintaining open communication
      2. Plan for any negative feedback or resistance
        1. Handle pushback by continuing to focus on the issue at hand
        2. Grow a culture of trust

 

What are the ocular effects expected on the structures of the eye and the systemic effects.

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TItle: a brief title of the experiment (20 words)
Introduction: (200 words) discuss breifly why we may use these two drugs in optometry (not opthamology) include which mechanism of action is used for each drug (transmitter and receptor)
what are the ocular effects expected on the structures of the eye and the systemic effects.
Hypothesis (100 words): breif hypothesis of what could happen in the experiment: write a null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis.
Materials and methods: (200 words)
The method was breifly discussed at the beginning: the materials :
to test visual acuity: thompson test chart
To test pupil response: pen torch
to test amplitude of accommodation RAF rule
To measure pupil size: ruler
to measure refraction and intraocular pressure: autorefractor was used.
Results (300 words) (for both tests) these arent included in word count
include the raw data tables I provided but also proivde graphs using the data
1) time Vs pupil size
2)time Vs amplitude of accommodation
3) time Vs visual acuity
Please also make a table with the data that includes a P value and note next to p value if it is stastcally significant ( can be out through a google program to find this) and also a T test value. Don’t discuss the results just present all data.
a very breif desription of a T test and P value.
Discussion (400 words)
Discuss the signifcance of the results with reference to literature (what was expected vs what actually happened) dont just repeat the results. what do they mean and what can be concluded from the data. dicuss changes that could be improved (for example regulating drop size of eye drop)
discuss any potential limitations inlcuding human error in measuring and putting in the drop ETC
Concclusion (100 words)
summarise experiment and what was found. include important findings and take home message of lab. refer to null hypothesis and alternate and discuss if null can be rejected or accepted.
quick summary of limitations.
references:
vancouver
I will also add an example of this report USE ONLY AS A GUIDE DO NOT COPY ANY

Write a 1000 word essay on the Benefits and drawbacks of the DSM classification system.

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Write a 1000 word essay on the Benefits
and drawbacks of the DSM classification
system.