Archive for category: Health and medicine

HIIT 140 Health Law and Information Governance.

After completing the reading for Module 9, write a well-organized, detailed essay for each topic listed below.  You may key your essays directly below each of the topics presented.  Proofread your work carefully as points will be lost for errors in spelling and grammar.  Save the document as Last Name Mod9Assn.  Submit this assignment using the assignment submission link.

Your answers are not confined to the space provided beneath each topic and may wrap to a second page if needed.

1. Provide a diagram and describe a typical organizational structure for implementing DG. Describe the functions, responsibilities, and relationships among each of the participating parties in your diagram.

 

2. Provide a list of key factors for DG program success and explain why each is critical for achieving a viable DG program.

A “white paper” is an informational document written to promote or highlight a topic of interest. These may be considered “marketing papers” since they are used to persuade or entice public opinion. These are not “brochures” but are fact-based, well researched documents which use words, numbers, graphs to persuade the reader.

The paper will be written in APA format and must be between 9 and 11 pages of text plus references and citations and visuals such as graphs and charts to illustrate your points.

My topic is based on ” Universal Health Care for all Americans”
the directions below will help you understand how the paper should flow.
Who am I writing for?

Your target audience is an elected official who is about to make a decision regarding a policy issue that is important to you. You can assume a certain level of governmental knowledge, but it is your job to fully brief the official so that they can make a well-informed choice.

Format:

Summary:

A one paragraph description of the policy issue and a summary of your recommendation.

Why is this so important? What should be done about it?

Current Situation

The development of this policy issue, within a historical, political and factual framework.

Describe the issue in detail and then give the reader some background. How long have people been working on this? Who is involved in this issue? What has been tried already? What is currently being done about it?

Proposed changes

An outline of the policy options which are being discussed.

What actions are being discussed (or enacted) to address this problem? Lay the options out, one by one, with a brief, un-biased description.

Effect of proposed changes

An outline of the policy options which are being discussed.

How will each of the options change things? Will they work? Why or why not? Use studies and statistics (the best available factual information) to back up your case.

Political Implications

A discussion of groups or individuals who are in support or in opposition.

Who loves it? Who hates it? Why do they take these positions? Is there a compromise that might make everyone content? What will happen to the politician(s) you are trying to influence if they choose one side or the other? Who will they befriend? Who will they antagonize?

Fiscal Impact;

A presentation of the potential costs and/or revenues which are associated with the policy issue.

How much will this cost? Where will it come from? Who will paying for it or lose budget as a result of it? What kind of secondary consequences are there for doing or NOT doing a particular option?

a) Define and discuss the major public health nutrition issues in Australia todayDefine and discuss the major public health nutrition issues in Australia today, addressing high risk population groups affected., addressing high risk population groups affected.
b) By interpreting the literature, investigate the culture,food and culinary choices of a range of key ethnic groups, including Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and discuss their impact on health.
c) Analyze the role of personal values, culture, religion, gender, power, economics and politics in food choice of different societies.
d) Identify and evaluate the social and ecological factors affecting food behaviours and health outcomes.
e) Articulate the social determinants of health from a nutritional perspective.

Instructions​: Your Individual Final Paper has 4 components: 1) rationale for the health issue;
2) overview of theoretical constructs; 3) critique of the reviewed article; 4) Healthy People 2020 and
Interventions. The individual final paper should be approximately 10 pages, double spaced, using
12-point font, Times New Roman, with one inch margins. No quotes should be used while writing your
final paper. Paraphrase and summarize as necessary. Each component of the final paper is
outlined below:
Section Requirements: ​Rationale for the health issue – 2 pages (15 points)
O Provide a strong rationale for why public health should address this health issue or behavior
(include at least 5 references)
O Use epidemiological data or other statistical information on incidence and prevalence
O Discuss the consequences (e.g., physical, mental, economic), impact, and behavioral risk factors
related to the health issue or behavior.

O Identify the priority population from your article.
O Discuss why this health issue or behavior is of importance among this population
Overview of Theory – 2 pages (20 points)
O Provide a brief historical overview of the theory.
O Describe the theory and define its major constructs or components (Not in context of the article
solely the theory on its own)
O Be sure to cite proper references (i.e., the textbook!)
Critique of reviewed article – 3 pages (30 points)
O Provide a critique of your article. Your summary should include the following:
O A clear “stand-alone” description of the theory and DEFINITION of its major constructs
(NOT in context of the study).
O How the theory was applied/measured: A description of the operationalization and/orapplication of theory constructs within the study (i.e., provide specific examples in the program
or items on the surveys that described how the constructs were operationalized or what
activities were used)
O Brief results (were study aims achieved? Why/Why not?)
O Strengths & weaknesses of applying this theory. Consider: Other constructs the study could
have applied. Different operationalization of constructs. Do NOT focus on limitations of the study
design! Think about the theoretical application!
O Also include the appropriate article citation as a reference.
Healthy People 2020 & Interventions – 3 pages (25 points)
O Research the same health issue/behavior in Healthy People 2020.
O Identify a specific objective of HP2020 and discuss whether your article addresses this objective.
Be detailed and specific (include baseline & target values)

O Using CHInav, HP2020, Google, or other sources, discuss two (2) programs/interventions that
address this HP2020 objective & your health topic. (look for “independent” studies!)
O Be sure to cite your sources!
O Consider if you were to apply your theory to the two (2) above interventions: discuss how you might  apply or incorporate the theory constructs (a select few or all) to each intervention.
O Discuss the public health implications of applying this theory in each intervention/program
(what impact does this theory have on the overall health topic & population?)
Writing format (10 points)
O Paper includes headings reflecting required paper elements
O Paper follows the current edition APA style citations.
O Paper includes citations where appropriate and a reference list.
O Paper is free from errors of spelling, mechanics and grammar.

PRISMA 2009 Checklist
Section/topic # Checklist item Reported on page # TITLE Title 1 Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both. ABSTRACT Structured summary 2 Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; systematic review registration number.
INTRODUCTION Rationale 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known. Objectives 4 Provide an explicit statement of questions being addressed with reference to participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design (PICOS).
METHODS Protocol and registration 5 Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g., Web address), and, if available, provide registration information including registration number.
Eligibility criteria 6 Specify study characteristics (e.g., PICOS, length of follow-up) and report characteristics (e.g., years considered, language, publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale.
Information sources 7 Describe all information sources (e.g., databases with dates of coverage, contact with study authors to identify additional studies) in the search and date last searched.
Search 8 Present full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated.
Study selection 9 State the process for selecting studies (i.e., screening, eligibility, included in systematic review, and, if applicable, included in the meta-analysis).
Data collection process 10 Describe method of data extraction from reports (e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators.
Data items 11 List and define all variables for which data were sought (e.g., PICOS, funding sources) and any assumptions and simplifications made.
Risk of bias in individual studies 12 Describe methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies (including specification of whether this was done at the study or outcome level), and how this information is to be used in any data synthesis.
Summary measures 13 State the principal summary measures (e.g., risk ratio, difference in means). Synthesis of results 14 Describe the methods of handling data and combining results of studies, if done, including measures of consistency (e.g., I2) for each meta-analysis.

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PRISMA 2009 Checklist
Section/topic # Checklist item Reported on page # Risk of bias across studies 15 Specify any assessment of risk of bias that may affect the cumulative evidence (e.g., publication bias, selective reporting within studies).
Additional analyses 16 Describe methods of additional analyses (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression), if done, indicating which were pre-specified.
RESULTS Study selection 17 Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram.
Study characteristics 18 For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and provide the citations.
Risk of bias within studies 19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12). Results of individual studies 20 For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for each intervention group (b) effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot.
Synthesis of results 21 Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency. Risk of bias across studies 22 Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15). Additional analysis 23 Give results of additional analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression [see Item 16]). DISCUSSION Summary of evidence 24 Summarize the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their relevance to key groups (e.g., healthcare providers, users, and policy makers).
Limitations 25 Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review-level (e.g., incomplete retrieval of identified research, reporting bias).
Conclusions 26 Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research. FUNDING Funding 27 Describe sources of funding for the systematic review and other support (e.g., supply of data); role of funders for the systematic review.