Explain the basic principles and tools of budget and resource management

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Public health organizations at the local, state or regional, and governmental levels provide services to and/or engage with many community members. This week, you explore how leaders and managers work within public health departments seek to fund all of the many programs and initiatives they provide, from immunizations to surveillance for communicable and infectious diseases to screenings and food safety and inspections. Leading and managing such responsibilities is no small feat, especially in an environment of fiscal scarcity. Public health services, like most public services, are almost always provided within a financially constrained environment, one that is vulnerable to economic shifts. With limited funds come many choices: Focus on prevention or promotion? If cuts are needed, what should go first? Facilities improvements? Salaries? Personnel? Supplies? Programs themselves?

In the course text, Shi and Johnson (2014) define public health finance as “A field of study that examines the acquisition, utilization, and management of resources for the delivery of public health functions and the impact of these resources on population health and the public health system” (p. 181). Thus, the skillset involved in obtaining funds (acquisition) is absolutely critical to public health leadership. Obtaining funds without the context around what funds are needed, why, and how funding will address specific community health problems is a hollow task, however. Public health leaders need to be well versed in budgeting, applying strategies for funding, and analyzing variations in public health funding. Fortunately, tools exist that aid in the process of determining funding and devising strategies for funding.

For this week’s Assignment, review the budget worksheet provided in the EMAIL. In addition, in the media titled “Public Health Finance”, reflect on the insights a finance director from the Howard County Health Department provides regarding challenges and strategies related to funding programs.

With the budget worksheet in mind, review the Learning Resources. Research other resources providing information on funding public health initiatives. Access the national websites to search for funding for public health and other initiatives: Explore your state, local, and regional health-related funding organizations’ websites. Research these organizations’ targeted grant opportunities.

The Assignment:

Write a 5 page paper, plus the budget worksheet appendix, to include the following sections

  • Explain the basic principles and tools of budget and resource management
  • Describe two specific examples of principles and/or tools that relate to your selected public health project. You must support why you are using these tools and principles and describe how they will be used to address your selected public health leadership issue
  • Explain the funding issues related to your selected public health project, including whether these issues are long- or short-term, how urgent they are, and state which stakeholders might be most affected and why
  • Based on the Learning Resources and your research, as well as the information included in the budget worksheet, recommend some potential funding sources and explain why you recommend them. In your explanation, include variations in funding and how these variations influenced your decision making
  • Complete the provided budget worksheet indicating the funding opportunities and costs related to the chosen project and copy it into an appendix at the end of the paper

 

–Selected Public health leadership issue Please pick a leadership issues that relates to this topic

– Selected Public Health Project mental health and maternal disorder screening treatment with the health objective of 2020. The main focus has been maternal, infant and child health. Please pick a leadership issues that relates to this topic

Select and describe one function or paradigm of play. Integrating course materials, research, and knowledge of play theory, analyze the impact of this function/paradigm on the hospitalized child

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For this assignment students will consider the importance of play for the child impacted by illness, injury, and/or hospitalization. More specifically, a paradigm/function of play will be explored.
Select and describe one function or paradigm of play. Integrating course materials, research, and knowledge of play theory, analyze the impact of this function/paradigm on the Select and describe one function or paradigm of play. Integrating course materials, research, and knowledge of play theory, analyze the impact of this function/paradigm on the hospitalized child
Using APA format, students must include citations from at least 5peer reviewed articles, published within the last 10 (preferably 5) years. The paper should be 7-10 pages, double spaced, and typed using 12 point font.
Total page count includes the title and reference pages.

Identify the issues surrounding Physical Activity and Primary Prevention of Obesity in Adults.

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Leadership Essay Instructions

Instructions:

This is a major course paper assignment to be submitted in the final week of instruction.  The goal of this essay is to demonstrate a scholarly understanding of the theories, complexities, challenges, and practices of leadership in the public health professions.

Week 3 Topic Proposal:

  1. Identify a topical practice health challenge, leadership theme, public health issue, leadership theory or any other leadership topical themethat is appropriate to scholarly analysis, description, exploration and demonstration in the professional field of public health.
  2. Propose the theme, with a brief abstract (50 words or less)that describes the intention for the full paper and submit it as this week’s essay development assignment.
  3. The instructor will provide comment and approval of the theme or possibly suggest some modification or change to the proposed submission. For instance, a suggestion might be made that the theme is too broad and will likely not be covered satisfactorily within the guidelines for this assignment, or that the proposed topic may be too narrow, or any other possible recommendation might arise.

NOTE: STUDENTS MUST MEET ALL THE REQUIREMENTS ABOVE

Requirements for this submission of the final essay (full paper):

  1. This essay is to be original and scholarly,
  2. a table of contents,
  3. an Introduction (an abstract is optional),
  4. a Background section/literature review (may have an alternative title),
  5. a section for analysis and/or discussion,
  6. a conclusion or summary statement,
  7. and at least 15 in-text citations and references [peer-reviewed articles as primary sources are best] ARE REQUIRED (avoid anything older than 5 years unless it’s a seminal work).
  8. It is to be in APA style.
  9. It is to be approximately ten pages(not counting Table of Contents, and References pages; however, the number of pages is less important than the actual content and educational value. A 12-page paper with valid and essential content is fine, the same with an 8-page paper that covers all the required elements for the assignment and is very well-written.

Based on the information above, these are

Leadership Essay Proposal Follow the instructions on the first page based on this guided abstract

Recommendations for writing based on professors approval below

Abstract

  • This paper aims to identify the issues surrounding Physical Activity and Primary Prevention of Obesity in Adults.
  • The paper will look at the Social Determinants of Health, its causes, and how that affects obesity in adults and children.
  • The paper will look at the leadership model that can bring change to the current health crisis

 

Critique the sources of information—what are the strengths and weaknesses of these sources?

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Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply epidemiology to a public health problem or issue. This assignment addresses all three of your course learning objectives and will help you synthesize what you’ve learned in this class.

Directions

Choose a public health-related state or event that interests you. The problem can be a disease, injury, or other health-related behavior. The primary requirement for choosing your problem is that it needs to have current epidemiological research conducted (current is defined as within the past ten years, preferably in the past five years). This includes both descriptive and analytic studies.

Components of the paper are as follows (be sure to use headings in your paper):

  • Background and operational definition(5 points):
    • Describe the problem you are addressing, including an operational definition. This may be a formal definition that exists within the public health field, or in the absence of a formal definition, it may be your own. For example, if the problem is a disease like diabetes, what are the clinical criteria that determine whether a person has the disease? If the problem is a behavior like smoking, what constitutes whether someone is a smoker (i.e., smoke daily, smoke a pack a day, or smoke a certain number of cigarettes per day)? Do all of the research studies use the same definition of the problem? The reader needs a clear understanding of the problem you are presenting. If there are controversies within the field regarding definitions, include this here. This background and definition should be 1-2 paragraphs.
  • Descriptive epidemiology(15 points):
    • What is the current state of the problem with respect to person, place, and time? All three of these descriptors need to be included. Provide information that gives the rate of occurrence of this problem, citing appropriate sources. Critique the sources of information—what are the strengths and weaknesses of these sources?
  • Analytic epidemiology (20 points):

Review 5-10 (minimum of five, maximum of ten) analytic epidemiological studies that address this problem. These must be primary epidemiological studies from the past 5-10 years; not review articles or meta-analyses. Use the table below to

Identify, develop, and discuss strategic issues in planning a model by prioritizing issues facing a community when dealing with a natural disaster using the four MAPP assessments that align with the shared community mission.

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From the perspective of a health care administrrato, identify, develop, and discuss strategic issues in planning a model by prioritizing issues facing a community when dealing with a natural disaster using the four MAPP assessments that align with the shared community mission. Lastly, explain how you would promote collaborations among clinical professionals, explain methods that encourage physician leadership in patient care enhancement, and explain quality initiatives that reduce organizational risk and support patient safety.
Must use text as one of the resources
Fallon, F. L., Begun, J. W., & Riley, W. (2013). Managing health organizations for quality and performance. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu

Which (if any) social determinants of health do the authors describe as contributing factors to disparities?

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The first section of the course has introduced you to key concepts, research methods, and theoretical approaches in medical anthropology and public health that shape research and public discourse on health disparities.  This paper is designed for you to apply these concepts, methods, and approaches to the analysis of contemporary news articles and reports on health disparities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

For the paper, you will select a population group of interest to you and examine how COVID-19 is exacerbating or producing health disparities for them. You may use the conventional U.S. census racial/ ethnic categories (e.g., Hispanic, Black/African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, or White) or you may wish to examine subgroups within them (e.g., Latinx immigrants, Chinese Americans., Navajo tribal members). You can choose to explore social categories beyond race/ethnicity like socioeconomic status, gender, gender identity, sexuality, disability, or immigration status or even intersectional identities (e.g., LGBTQ youth). Looking beyond these identity categories, you could explore how rural folks or older Americans are being disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, or how COVID-related disparities are playing out in a specific geographic location (e.g., Baltimore). I’ve presented these options, but please choose a topic of particular interest to you.

Once you have selected your population group, conduct a simple google search (or use another search engine) using key search terms like “COVID-19” or “health disparities” and the name of your group. I would like you to find and analyze at least five stories or research reports focused on that group. In your analysis, consider the following questions, emerging from our readings:

What terminology do the authors use to describe health disparities/inequalities/inequities, and is their choice of terminology significant?

Do the authors take more of an ethnocentric or culturally relative approach to describing the circumstances of this population group?

Which (if any) social determinants of health do the authors describe as contributing factors to disparities? Do they go “upstream” enough in identifying these factors? What social determinants/structural influences do you think merit further investigation?

Which of the following frameworks do the authors draw from in explaining COVID-19 risk (even if inadvertently): behavioral, cultural, or structural? How do you know?

How do the authors describe health care systems articulating with COVID-related disparities?

Does the article address the role of the health care safety net in buffering the effects of COVID-19 disparities? Or does it describe other emergent forms of social support?

Do the authors grapple with questions about whose responsibility health care is (the personal responsibility of the individual versus the role of the government)? If so, which perspective does it favor?

How do the authors present information/data (in more of a quantitative or qualitative form)? Do they present numbers, charts, and tables, or draw from stories that foreground lived experience? Is their presentation style effective?

Do the authors provide the proper cultural, political, and historical context to truly understand the topics presented?

What theoretical approaches from public health or anthropology (e.g., behavior change, intersectionality, critical race, cultural interpretive, critical medical, embodiment of inequality) might be most useful if you were to examine this topic more academically?

You do not necessary need to go through and answer these questions one by one; rather, they are meant to stimulate your thinking about the topic through the lens of this class. In fact, you could choose to center your entire analysis on just one of these questions or several of them. In your analysis, please provide evidence from the articles/reports to back up your assertions (e.g., choice of terminology, data presented), quoting directly from them. I would also like you revisit the course readings and draw from them to support your points, citing them appropriately.

Your paper should be structured with an introduction, body paragraphs (analyzing the content of the articles/reports), and a conclusion. You can choose how you structure your analysis (organizing it by key questions addressed, themes emerging from the articles/reports, or by article) but make sure that you have organized it intentionally and logically. Your introduction should clearly lay out the structure of the paper, and your conclusion should synthesize your analysis and perhaps suggest productive future research directions. Use of first person (“I argue…”) is not only acceptable in Anthropology, but is strongly encouraged. (I realize this is quite different for many of you, especially those of you coming from more biomedical backgrounds.)

Please also include a bibliography, following the Chicago Manual of Style (Links to an external site.), 17th edition. References should be compiled in one list at the end and formatted as follows:

Book

Buchbinder, Mara, Rivkin-Fish, Michele, and Rebecca L. Walker. 2016. Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice: New Conversations Across the Discipline. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Book Chapter

Weber, Lynn. 2006. “Reconstructing the Landscape of Health Disparities Research.” In Gender, Race, Class, and Health: Intersectional Approaches, edited by A.J. Schultz and L. Mullings, 21-59. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Journal Article

Dressler, William, Kathryn Oths, and Clarence Gravlee. 2005. “Race and Ethnicity in Public Health Research: Models to Explain Health Disparities.” Annual Review of Anthropology 34: 231-252.

Online Article

Seervai, Shanoor. 2017. “How Hurricane Maria Worsened Puerto Rico’s Health Care Crisis.” The Commonwealth Fund website, December 18. Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/other-publication/2017/dec/how-hurricane-maria-worsened-puerto-ricos-health-care (Links to an external site.)

Papers should be 3-5 pages, double-spaced, 12-point standard font (Times New Roman, Calibri, or Garamond), with 1” margins.

The rubric for the assignment is as follows:

Introduction [10 points] Give an overview of your paper topic with a clear thesis statement describing how the paper is organized

Analysis [30 points] Perform an analysis of the articles/reports, grounding it in course readings and examples from them

Conclusion [10] Summarize and synthesize your key points and suggest future research directions (as relevant)

Organization [10] Ensure that the paper is clearly organized with smooth transitions between paragraphs

Writing Style [15] Make sure that the paper has good sentence structure and appropriate word choice, does not contain incomplete or run-on sentences, and is spell-checked

What blood test will be ordered for the patient in the Emergency Room given his signs and symptoms?

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Module 3 Written Assignment:

The written assignment for this module is a modified version of the “Real-Life Challenge: Diabetes Mellitus”. Please read the challenge and then answer the 11 questions that follow the challenge. Please submit the assignment as a Microsoft Word document in the correct format: Lastname_assignmentname.docx and submit to the dropbox.

Remember to list all the resources used to complete this assignment. DO NOT CUT AND PASTE YOUR ANSWERS.

Real-Life Challenge: Diabetes Mellitus

Adopted from Frazier and Drzymkowski

A 50-year-old male patient after consuming a large meal at home began exhibiting symptoms of lethargy and drowsiness. The patient’s skin was dry to touch but appears flushed. The patient family noted a fruity odor to the patient’s breath. Approximately 30 minutes after he began exhibiting symptoms, the patient became difficult for the family to arouse. The family called 911. The paramedics arrived within minutes and transported the patient to the Emergency Room.

Upon arrival at the Emergency Room, the patient was awake and able to answer the physician’s questions. The patient was asked if he was experiencing any new symptoms or problems. The patient stated he is experiencing extreme thirst, increased hunger, and frequent urination. The patient recently has been treated for acute bronchitis but is finding the bronchitis is taking a long time to clear up.

The physician is ordering blood and urine tests on the patient. The ER physician is almost certain the patient has Type II Diabetes.

Please answer the following questions using the information given above.

  1. What blood test will be ordered for the patient in the Emergency Room given his signs and symptoms? This patient has NOT previously been diagnosed with any condition related to his current signs and      symptoms.
  2. What is a normal glucose level when a patient is fasting?

What is the normal non-fasting glucose level? Fasting means they have had nothing by mouth overnight or for several hours prior to the blood test.

  1. a. Give three possible causes of Type I Diabetes

b .Give three possible causes of Type 2 Diabetes. These are different diseases. Do not give the same causes to both types.

  1. Explain the differences between Type I Diabetes and Type II Diabetes.
  2. Why is it important for diabetic patients to monitor their glucose on a regular basis?
  3. What role does diet play in helping to maintain a diabetic patient’s blood sugar?
  4. Explain what insulin is and how it works with your blood sugar.
  5. How does an oral hypoglycemic agent such as metformin (Glugophage) reduce a patient’s glucose levels? What are the side effects the patient should be aware of when they are taking metformin?
  6. What lifestyle changes do you think the patient in our scenario challenge will need to make to control his Type II Diabetes?
  7. Consider some of the new medications available for Type II Diabetes such as Victoza (brand name) liraglutide (generic). Do you feel the patient in the scenario is a candidate for this type of medication? Please state why or why not. Give two clear reasons for your opinion.
  8. One treatment for patients with diabetes is an implantable insulin pump. What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages to an implantable insulin pump. In your opinion, do you feel an implantable insulin pump is better for a patient with Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes? Why? Give 2 reasons for your opinion.

Identify a state or federal agency whose work influences some aspect of health care.

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Identify a state or federal agency whose work influences some aspect of health care. Locate and visit the website. Provide the name of the agency, its mission, and a brief overview of its activities. Discuss how this organization participates in the U.S. health care system. Seek out additional resources to support your initial
Expectation: Initial posting demonstrates analysis of ideas and perspectives from discussion and readings, builds on ideas of others. Postings responds effectively to most but not all of the questions posed, requires additional development. Ideas supported with resources which are properly cited.

Demonstrate an understanding of age demographics, stereotyping and thenormalphysiological changes with aging

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5 2. Module enhancementThis is the first run of this module, so we will value your feedback.3. Module specific informationThe UWE module specification can be found at http://info.uwe.ac.uk/modules/specification.asp?urn=2136683&file=UZYRR8-15-2_Emergency_Care_of_the_Older_Adult_v1.pdfSUPPORTLEARNING OUTCOMESOn successful completionof this module students will be able to :

1.Demonstrate an understanding of age demographics, stereotyping and thenormalphysiological changes with aging

2.Develop an understanding of the common problems older adults presentwithin urgent and emergency care, considering how these illnesses affectservice usersin the community

3.Critically evaluate strategies for communication and the application ofinterpersonal skills

4.Critically evaluate end-of-life care issues and the role of the paramedic inproviding holistic, patient focused care

5.Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how to undertake a falls riskassessment and work interprofessionally to reduce the risk

6.Explore the issues surrounding polypharmacy and compliance in the olderadultincluding ways in which medications can be safely managed withcognitive decline

7.Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the Community Matron andextendedmultidisciplinary team in ensuring health and wellbeing in thecommunity

8.Recognise the risk and safeguarding factors when assessing the older adultand the physical and emotional signs of neglect and abuse

Find an example of an allosteric drug targeting some brain receptor that has been approved for the clinic (FDA-approved drug).

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Format: Written response; minimum two pages of text (but not more than 2.5 pages). One page per question. Times new roman 12 pts. One-inch margins around; Single Line spacing.
.** Use scientifically accurate terminology, not lay terms.

Allosteric modulators. (10 pts total)
a. Compare & contrast orthosteric (NOT orthostatic) and allosteric ligands (mechanism of action, possible functional outcomes of allosteric modulation, safety, etc.) (5)
b. Find an example of an allosteric drug targeting some brain receptor that has been approved for the clinic (FDA-approved drug). Name this drug and describe its mechanism of action. Cite this study. (5)