Explain the function of the immune system, the basic biology of major viral diseases and the biological basis for vaccination. Explain what a vaccine is and why we have effective vaccines for some infectious disease but not all.

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Immune system/vaccination

Research the literature and give a brief overview addressing each of the following

  • Explain the function of the immune system, the basic biology of major viral diseases and the biological basis for vaccination.
  • Explain what a vaccine is and why we have effective vaccines for some infectious disease but not all.
  • Identify key immune responses to pathogens, manipulation of immune response for vaccines or immunotherapy, and failure or aberrant immune responses.
  • Explain the biological principles and vaccination strategies that allowed smallpox eradication.
  • Describe the role, benefits, and limitations of vaccines in assuring the health of populations.

How did it feel to assess yourself?  Was it easy or hard to be honest? How safe did it feel to share your reflection with the instructor? How would you make it safe for someone else to share their reflections with you? How would you use skills of active listening and giving feedback to make the process easier? How has this course so far modelled professionalism, lifelong learning, and reflective practice?

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IPHE101 ORIANTATION TO CANADIAN HEALTHCARE

Module 4 – Professionalism, Reflective Practice and Lifelong Learning

1. Reflect on how you have participated as a student of this course. Consider your:

  • Diligence and self-discipline to completing the modules
  • Preparation for the assignments
  • Adherence to the deadlines to this point in the course
  • Commitment to your own learning

Prepare a brief description sharing your reflection.

How did it feel to assess yourself?

Was it easy or hard to be honest?

How safe did it feel to share your reflection with the instructor?

How would you make it safe for someone else to share their reflections with you?

How would you use skills of active listening and giving feedback to make the process easier?

How has this course so far modelled professionalism, lifelong learning, and reflective practice?

 

2. Explain what it means to say a profession is “self-regulating”.

Write a case study based on your own experiences or observations in which you describe one of the following events or communications in a hospital : a nurse-physician, nurse-patient, doctor-patient or healthcare administrator- patient. Explain how this event or communication can adversely affect patient. How does it affect the employee’s satisfaction with work.

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Hospital Case Study- Communication in the Healthcare Environment

  1. Write a case study based on your own experiences (or friend/family) or observations in which you describe one of the following events or communications in a hospital : a nurse-physician, nurse-patient, doctor-patient or healthcare administrator- patient. Explain how this event or communication can adversely affect patient. How does it affect the employee’s satisfaction with work.  (Give each person a first name) You could also create your own fictional scenario or describe an interaction from a movie or program.

 

  1. Tell the story….what happened?  Put details in about the workplace environment. (2 paragraphs)
  2. What are 2 negative possible outcomes of this interaction? (1-2 paragraphs)
  3. End the case study with asking the question: What should be done, and by whom, to resolve this problem?
  4. Apply 4 conceptsfrom the second half of the course ( chs 8, 9, 10, 12, 14) in your solution to the problem (part c)  underlinethem and cite the chapter the concept is from (Ch 10, p ?).

 

What is the difference between secondary analysis and primary research? What are the strengths and weaknesses of secondary analysis as a scientific inquiry?

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Discussion board

What is the difference between secondary analysis and primary research? What are the strengths and weaknesses of secondary analysis as a scientific inquiry? Read Table 5.3 on page 125. Pick one source and explore information that is contained in that source. What did you learn?

How are the concepts highlighted in these three modules different from your experience and education? How does this difference challenge you? What do you have to know or do differently to be successful in the Canadian health care system, culture, and context?

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ORIANTATION OR INTRODUCTION OF CANADAIAN HEALTHCARE

Complete this assignment within the Word document, saving it to your computer and then email to the instructor when all three sections have been completed.

Module 7 – Patient Safety, Workplace Safety and Electronic Health Records

1. You are going to read two scripts of health professional-patient interactions. You need to evaluate the interactions and assess both poor and good listening strategies. Reflect on the impact of the listening strategies of both the patient and the healthcare provider.

Active Listening Script A
C= clinician
P= patient

P – Enters
C – (On the phone). Looks up, motions patient to come in and sit down
P – Patient gingerly sits down
C – Finishes telephone conversation and turns to patient, glances back and forth from computer screen and patient. Through the entire interview, C works between the patient chart and the computer screen.
C – How are you today Mrs./Mr. Perez? How have you been since we last met?
P – Fine thank you.
C – Good. Are you following the diet sheets we gave you?
P – I’m trying to.
C – How is your wound healing?
P – The nurse comes to see me only once a week now.
C – Good. Any problem with your medications?
P – Yes, I think my medication is upsetting my stomach.
C – Yes, that sometimes happens, most of the time it goes away. Are you taking your meds with food?
P – Well, I try.
C – Good. How is the rehab program working out for you?
P – This getting better is hard work.
C – Yes, it is and you are quite capable. You are doing well.
P – Thank you.
C – Good, well, it looks like you are making good progress, let me examine you now.

Respond to the following questions:
a. Did the provider demonstrate good or poor listening skills?

b. Did the provider learn everything he or she needed to know to provide care?

c. How did the patient feel during the interaction?

d. How could the provider have improved his or her listening in this scenario?

 

Now that you have completed the questions on the first script, please read the next script.

Active Listening Script B
C – (talking on phone)
P – Enters
C – Looks up, and motions patient to come in and sit down.
P – Patient gingerly sits down
C – Finishes telephone conversation and turns to patient
C – How are you today Mrs./Mr. Perez? How have you been since I last saw you?
P – Fine thank you.
C – That’s good to hear. Tell me how you are making out following the diet sheets.
P – Well, I’m finding them hard to follow. I seem to be nauseous and have lost my appetite.
C – That can’t be good, tell me more.
P – Well, like I said, I’m having trouble following the diet because when it is time to eat, I’m either not hungry or nauseous, and by the time that goes away it is past the time the sheet says to eat my meals.
C – It sounds a bit like a scheduling nightmare. Tell me more about your nausea and loss of appetite. Does it occur all the time or just certain times of the day?
P – I think it’s about a half hour after I take my medication.
C – So you feel nauseous after your medication.
P – Yes.
C – Your medication could be upsetting your stomach. Could you try taking your medication a half hour after your meals instead of before?
P – Yes, I could try that.
C – Okay, good. Now, how is your wound healing?
P – The nurse is coming only once a week now.
C – And she is satisfied with your progress?
P – Yes, she seems to be.
C – That’s great. Have you started rehab yet?
P – Yes, I have.
C – And how is that going?
P – Well . . .
C – Waits for patient to continue.
P – They’re making me work awfully hard!
C – In what way?
P – Well, just a lot of repetitions.
C – Do you feel that it’s too much for you at this point?
P – Quite honestly, I do doctor. I didn’t want to say anything to them because I’m sure they know what they’re doing. But the day after physio, sometimes I feel like I’ve been in a train wreck.
C – Well, that’s not good. I want you to feel free to let the therapist know your limits.
P – Thank you, doctor. I’ll do that.
C – Is there anything else you wanted to discuss?
P – No, I think that’s all.
C – Good, then let’s examine you now.

Respond to the following questions:
a. What did the provider do differently?

b. What was the impact on the patient and on the provider?

c. Explain the concept of active listening.

d. What is the purpose of active listening?

e. What are some strategies for active listening?

2. Approach either a family member or friend to practice this active listening skill. Share these instructions with your family member or friend, as they will be the speaker.

“As the speaker, you will talk about a success that you have experienced in your life. Answer the following questions as you talk: What was your success? What challenges did you face? How did you meet those challenges? Why was it important to you? What factors account for your success?”

You (student of this course), as the active listener, will encourage the speaker to talk by using active listening techniques: appropriate body language, minimal responders, requesting clarification and expansion, summarizing/paraphrasing what the speaker has said, and expressing empathy. You need to time the conversation ensuring that you keep the speaker talking for a full 3 minutes, using the active listener techniques that you have learned.

Now that you have had the conversation with your family member or friend, write down the exact words that you used to keep the conversation going. You can ask your partner in the conversation to help you recall everything that you did to ensure you respond fully to this activity.

a. Record what body language you used.

b. Record any minimal responders that you used.

c. Record any requests for clarification.

d. Record any requests for expansion.

e. Record any expressions of empathy.

3. Case Study
You are a manager in your Canadian workplace. One of your staff members commits an error that has an impact on patient safety, and the patient is admitted to the intensive care unit. How would you let the staff member know what happened? The other members of your staff?

a. Write a script of the above scenario with speaking parts for the manager and employee. Include in your script the specific error that the health provider made.

b. Describe how it felt for the employee to receive the feedback (imagine you are the employee and the manager is sharing the information with you). What other emotions did you experience?

c. Now imagine yourself as the manager. Is it difficult to give feedback (as the manager in this scenario)? If yes, what makes it difficult? If no, why was this easy to do?

4. Provide examples of patient safety issues from your prior experience? What happened?
Was there a culture of patient safety?

5. Briefly describe one innovation in technology from your own profession.

Module 8 – Ethics and Liability

6. Review the code of ethics for your profession to determine how it relates to the ethical principles identified in module 8.

a. Are they aligned?

b. Are some missing?

7. Read the following three ethical dilemmas. Propose solutions to each of the ethical dilemmas. Identify the ethical perspectives you used in your solutions. Respond to these questions after each case study.

a. Case Study
A person with drug-resistant tuberculosis and a history of non-compliance arrives at the airport. Should they be quarantined?

b. Case Study
You notice your colleague has a lot of bruises on her arm when she pushes up her sleeves to wash her hands. When you mention them, she quickly hides her arms and says she was playing with her very active children. You have never heard her describe her children in that way before.

c. Case Study
You are a massage therapist. You have a long-time client with whom you developed a friendly relationship. You share many interests, especially hockey. She won tickets to a hockey game and invited you to accompany her.

8. Review each liability case study and establish the criteria for negligence in each case by answering the questions.

a. Case Study
A woman was helping her husband change position in bed after his surgery. As she was doing so, she noticed a sharp pain in her hand. She looked down and found a 22-gauge needle was stuck in her hand. She brought this to your attention.

• What was the duty of care owed to the patient?

• Did the professional carry out that duty? If not, what exactly did the professional fail to provide?

• Was the patient injured?

• Did the professional’s failure to carry out the duty cause the injury?

• In conclusion, through application of the criteria for determining negligence, was the professional negligent?

b. Case Study
A patient undergoes surgery for spinal decompression to alleviate pain. Before surgery, the patient demonstrated that he understood the risks and benefits of the surgery and was capable of giving consent. Nothing unusual happened during the course of care. The surgery did not resolve the issue and in fact made the condition worse.

• What was the duty of care owed to the patient?

• Did the professional carry out that duty? If not, what exactly did the professional fail to provide?

• Was the patient injured?

• Did the professional’s failure to carry out the duty cause the injury?

• In conclusion, through application of the criteria for determining negligence, was the professional negligent?

Module 9 – Pathways to Successful Employment

9. What are some of the skills that have been described in the Employability Skills Profile?

a. Fundamental skills:

b. Personal management skills:

c. Teamwork skills:

10. Given the techniques and information that you have learned in this module, prepare a resumé that you would give to a Canadian employer. Submit your resumé as a separate document attached to an email to your instructor.

11. How are the concepts highlighted in these three modules different from your experience and education?

12. How does this difference challenge you?

13. What do you have to know or do differently to be successful in the Canadian health care system, culture, and context?

What other relevant elements will you ask IT to include in the audit trail? Based on the audit trail, formulate an opinion on whether or not each of these employees may have violated the privacy policy.

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EHR Audit Trails

Review Case Studies 2.3 and 2.6 in your Case Study Textbook. Then answer the following questions for each case study:

Case Study 2.3
What other relevant elements will you ask IT to include in the audit trail?

Case Study 2.6
Based on the audit trail, formulate an opinion on whether or not each of these employees may have violated the privacy policy. Support your decision.
Propose the next steps to take if there was a concern that one or more the employees violated the privacy policy.

Write an essay on how disease recognition strategies can be utilized and/or improved and the potential impact on health and wellness. How education and/or prevention strategies/programs may promote improved health outcomes, relevent to your disease.

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Kidney Disease

Think about how you would give a presentation in front of a classroom. What visual components would you prepare? Be creative in your presentation.

Note: There is a MINIMUM of five academic/scholarly sources (beyond your textbook) required for this assignment. However, well supported presentations should go well beyond. Academic sources come from academic journals, .govs, .edu’s, etc. Popular websites (news websites, webMD.com, etc.) are not academic sources, though they can be used for additional information.

Critical Assignment Criteria:

Your critical assignment presentation, at minimum, should include the following:

1. Background and rationale for choosing the disease

2. An examination, analysis, and summary of how individual and/or public health is affected by the disease.

3. Etiology of the disease

4. Pathophysiology of the disease

5. Identification and discussion regarding relevent signs and symptoms

6. Current and possible future treatments/therapies

7. Identification and discussion regarding current disease recognition strategies (screening, etc.)

8. How disease recognition strategies can be utilized and/or improved and the potential impact on health and wellness

9. How education and/or prevention strategies/programs may promote improved health outcomes, relevent to your disease.

10. Resources currently utiilized and/or still needed to improve health outcomes via education and prevention

11. Recommendations

12. Applications/Relationships to the field of public health

13. Conclusion

14. References

Describe the true value or the extent to which each of the 3 proposed policies can improve (or worsen) the problem.

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Weigh the Outcomes

1. Describe the true value or the extent to which each of the 3 proposed policies can improve (or worsen) the problem.

EX: Which may be more cost-effective vs which may serve more people.

Identify how the concept of diversity is addressed in this plan. Describe how your selected program theory is being used to establish the program. Using SMART goals/objectives, create a logic model that outlines your plan, complete with anticipated outcomes.

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Program plan

Develop a plan
Identify how the concept of diversity is addressed in this plan.

Relevant program theories (Chapter 5)
Describe how your selected program theory is being used to establish the program.

Goals and objectives/ Logic Model (Chapter 6)
Using SMART goals/objectives, create a logic model that outlines your plan, complete with anticipated outcomes.

Program Implementation (Chapters 7 & 8)

Define the activities/strategies, staffing needs, and estimated budget needed to execute the program.
Provide an estimated timeline for the completion of each activity.

Explain how the implementation of the recommendation serves as a specific solution to a real health care problem that is facing the organization, and discuss elements of the proposed design that serve to improve balancing costs, quality, and access to care among all stakeholder groups.

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Implementation plan

After careful review of your Phase 4 report addressing compliance risks, the board has approved the implementation of the first recommendation that you provided in the report that you submitted in Phase 3. As part of the implementation plan, you have been asked to prepare the report that is outlined below.

The report needs to address the following areas:

Describe and assess the impact of the implementation of the recommendation on the organizational structure and performance relative to the forecasted demand for the services or products offered.

Explain how the implementation of the recommendation serves as a specific solution to a real health care problem that is facing the organization, and discuss elements of the proposed design that serve to improve balancing costs, quality, and access to care among all stakeholder groups (e.g., patients, providers, and third-party payers).

Present a forecasted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis for at least 3 internal and 3 external stakeholder groups relative to expected outcomes after full implementation of the recommendation.

Develop a strategic communication plan, including key messages, benchmarks, and approaches that can be used to communicate the change within the organization, and draft an external press release announcing the organization’s strategic initiative to the health care industry.