Write an email in a Word document to Michael, the son in which you offer your professional opinion.

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Word document to Michael

Mary, age 77, lives alone in the house where she and her now -deceased husband raised their only son, Michael. She remains close to a core group of friends, all of whom live within just a few miles of her home.

She volunteers at a local library and is actively involved at her church. Michael lives 4 hours away by car and keeps urging her to move into a condo down he road from his house so that he can keep an eye on her and help her if she needs it.

He is consulting you, a gerontology professional, about convincing his mother to move.

Instructions:

1. Write an email in a Word document to Michael, the son in which you offer your professional opinion.

Explain what variables are being analyzed, and then explain why you think the researchers decided to use p instead of r. If they used both, then explain which one resulted in a more significant coefficient and why you think that happened.

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Spearman’s Correlation

Pearson’s correlation coefficient is, by far, the most commonly used metric for the degree of correlation between two variables. But r has its limitations, the main one being that it assumes that both variables should be normally distributed (which might sound restrictive, but really just means that they behave in a “typical. random fashion”). But sometimes there are independent variables that aren’t distributed in this way, in which case r isn’t an appropriate measurement. Enter Spearman’s correlation coefficient (or Spearman’s rho), denoted by p or re.

a. First. review Spearman’s Rank Correlation e , from the University of Texas, which briefly defines Spearman’s correlation coefficient The first article begins with an in-depth discussion of Pearson’s r, which you may skip but I would recommend that you read, as it supplements our discussions of r from the lessons. About halfway down the page. you will find the section on Spearman Rank Correlation. and you should read from there to the end of the article. b. You may then review Schober, P. et al. (2018). The authors visually depict some of the main differences between Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients.

■ Schober. P., Boer, C., and Schwarte, L (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation . Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768. c. You may also review Hauke and Kossowski (2011): you may ignore the discussions on Kendall’s T.

■ Hauke. J., and Kossowski. T (2011). Comparisons of Values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient on the Same Sets of Data e . Quaestiones Geographicae. 30(2).
If you are still unclear about how Spearman’s p compares to Pearson’s r, you may want to search for more information yourself.

I would like you to find a healthcare-related paper that uses Spearman’s correlation coefficient. You may use. but are not limited to, the ProQuest database.

(Hint: search for “Spearman)

You should link to the paper, explain what variables are being analyzed. and then explain why you think the researchers decided to use p instead of r. If they used both, then explain which one resulted in a more significant coefficient (i.e.. which was closest to 1 or -1) and why you think that happened.

What is the experience of other health care organizations with nurse informaticists? How do these nurse informaticists interact with the rest of the nursing staff and the interdisciplinary team? What are the opportunities and challenges for nurses and the interdisciplinary team with the addition of a nurse informaticist role? How can the interdisciplinary team collaborate to improve quality care outcomes through technology?

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Nursing Informatics in health care

 

Instruction

For this assessment, you will assume the role of a nurse who realizes that your organization is undergoing many technological changes and could benefit from a nurse informaticist to enhance patient and organizational outcomes. You decide to pursue proposing a nurse informaticist role in your organization. While preparing your proposal. Remember, this should include evidence to convince the facility to create this new nurse informaticist role. This is not an essay; instead, it is a proposal to create a new Nurse Informaticist position.

Write a 4 page evidence-based proposal to support the need for a nurse informaticist in an organization who would focus on improving health care outcomes.

Scenario

For this assessment, assume you are a nurse attending a meeting of your state’s nurses association. A nurse informaticist conducted a presentation on her role and its impact on positive patient and organizational outcomes in her workplace. You realize that your organization is undergoing many technological changes. You believe this type of role could provide many benefits to your organization.

You decide to pursue proposing a nurse informaticist role in your organization. You speak to your chief nursing officer (CNO) and human resources (HR) manager, who ask you to prepare a 4 page evidence-based proposal to support the new role. In this way, they can make an informed decision as to whether the addition of such a role could justify the return on investment (ROI). They need your proposal before an upcoming fiscal meeting.​ This is not an essay, but instead, it is a proposal to create a new Nurse Informaticist position.

One important part of this assessment is the justification of the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization and references from relevant and timely scholarly or professional resources to support the justification for creating this nurse informaticist position. The term justify means to show or prove that the nurse informaticist position brings value to the organization. This justification must include evidence from the literature to support that this position will provide a return on investment for the organization.

Preparation

To successfully prepare for this assessment, you will need to complete these preparatory activities:

  • Review assessment resources and activities.
    • Conduct independent research on the nursing knowledge and skills necessary to interact with health information and patient care technology.
    • Focus your research on current resources available through peer-reviewed articles, professional websites, government websites, professional blogs, wikis, job boards, and so on.
  • Interview peers in your network who are considered information technology experts.
    • Ask them about how information technology advances are impacting patient care at the bedside, at the organizational level, and beyond

Proposal Format

The chief nursing officer (CNO) and human resources (HR) manager have asked you to include the following headings in your proposal and to be sure to address the bullets following each heading:

Nursing Informatics and the Nurse Informaticist

  • What is nursing informatics?
  • What is the role of the nurse informaticist?

Nurse Informaticists and Other Health Care Organizations

  • What is the experience of other health care organizations with nurse informaticists?
  • How do these nurse informaticists interact with the rest of the nursing staff and the interdisciplinary team?

Opportunities and Challenges

  • What are the opportunities and challenges for nurses and the interdisciplinary team with the addition of a nurse informaticist role?
    • How can the interdisciplinary team collaborate to improve quality care outcomes through technology?

Summary of Recommendations

  • What are 3–4 key takeaways from your proposal about the recommended nurse informaticist role that you want the CNO and the HR manager to remember?
    • This is the section where the justification for the implementation of the nursing informaticist role is addressed. Remember to include evidence from the literature to support your recommendation.

Additional Requirements

  • Written communication: Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Submission length: 4 double-spaced pages, in addition to title and references pages.
  • Font: Times New Roman, 12 point.
  • Citations and References: Cite a minimum of three current scholarly and/or authoritative sources to support your ideas. In addition, cite a minimum of one current professional blog or website to support your central ideas. Current means no more than five years old.
  • APA formatting: Be sure to follow APA formatting and style guidelines for citations and references. For an APA refresher, consult the Evidence and APA page on Campus.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

  • Competency 1: Describe nurses’ and the interdisciplinary team’s role in informatics with a focus on electronic health information and patient care technology to support decision making.
    • Define nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist.
    • Explain how the nurse collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care.
    • Justify the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization.
  • Competency 2: Implement evidence-based strategies to effectively manage protected health information.
    • Explain evidence-based strategies that the nurse and interdisciplinary team can use to effectively manage patients’ protected health information (privacy, security, and confidentiality).
  • Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient care technologies.
    • Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
    • Create a clear, well-organized, and professional proposal that is generally free from errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.

We just faced possibly the most significant pandemic of our lifetime; what challenges did you face while working as a healthcare provider, and what policies do you think should be changed to navigate better future pandemics we might meet?

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Module 4 Discourse Development – It’s All About Who You Know

Topic:

Nursing is the largest profession in healthcare, which should lend nursing to have the greatest impact in healthcare policy. What do you think prevents nurses from using their power to influence healthcare?

To get real-life insight on the topic mentioned above, I interviewed advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) through teleconference video call, the call was not recorded on the interviewee’s request, notes were taken, and her information is provided below

Interviewee – Dr. Erum Jiva – DNP, ARNP-BC, CLS

Dr. Erum Jiva initiated first lipid clinic in Ocala, FL. It is the only medical practice in the Ocala devoted exclusively to cholesterol disorders. Dr. Jiva is certified by the Accreditation Council for Clinical Lipidology (ACCL). she is active member of National Lipid Association, American Society of Preventive Cardiology, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurse Association and American Association of Nurse Practitioners.

The reason for selecting Dr. Jiva for this interview is that she has been an APRN for the last five years. She also had experience as a nursing faculty for almost seven years. Working as a self-employed APRN at her practice, she has experience guiding policies for her workplace and care as a whole.

Introduction:

As the largest healthcare profession worldwide, it is essential that nursing significantly impacts healthcare policy more than other healthcare professions. Advance practice registered nurses (APRNs) and registered nurses (RNs) should, therefore, use evidence-based knowledge to influence global healthcare policies (Abbasinia et al., 2020).

Policy Implication:

The primary role of a nurse involves giving care to the patients both during treatment and post-treatment periods. Hence, active participation in healthcare practice and delivery policy development at all government levels is needed. Nursing professionals should desist from receiving and adopting policies that are not pertinent to the issues affecting the healthcare sector. For instance, the local, state, and federal governments of the United States can improve their performance in the healthcare sector by involving RNs and APRNs in the policymaking process. However, the road to participation in policymaking at the government levels requires active participation in politics. Through the lobby groups such as professional nursing organizations at various government levels, nurses can present their opinions to the relevant policymaking bodies (E. Jiva, personal communication, June 26, 2022; Gerber, 2018). Apart from lobby groups, nursing professionals can actively participate in politics by assuming elective and appointive decision-making positions and help address healthcare issues at various levels of government (E. Jiva, personal communication, June 26, 2022).

In as much as nurses have the opportunity to represent the will of the patients in the policymaking chambers globally, few tend to contribute to the course actively. Factors such as inadequate opportunity awareness and limited healthcare policy education can cause inadequate participation of nurses in the healthcare policy and delivery decision-making (E. Jiva, personal communication, June 26, 2022; Godsey et al., 2020). Politics is an expensive venture that requires significant resources. The Healthcare sector is the least rewarding in the global economy. The situation makes it challenging for nursing professionals considering politics to pursue their dreams. They lack sufficient resources to participate in politics actively. Again, the community is not willing to provide the nursing professionals with sufficient financial resources to run for political offices. Lack of active political participation ensures that registered nurses and other nursing professionals do not present their opinions to the policymaking organs. Limited healthcare policy education is another factor that causes a lack of participation in the healthcare sector (E. Jiva, personal communication, June 26, 2022; Hajizadeh et al., 2021). Most registered nurses (RNs) lack awareness of the need for evidence-based policymaking in the sector due to the gaps in the nursing training curriculum. The nursing education program should include healthcare policy education to encourage the nursing students to develop an interest in politics (E. Jiva, personal communication, June 26, 2022)

Conclusion:

In response to the challenges mentioned above, nursing professionals can wisely use the legitimate power of politics by exhibiting increased creativity and energy towards advocating for patients’ rights and privileges. Therefore, investors and governments should provide nursing professionals with competitive remunerations and packages that allow for evidence-based practice and quality improvement in the healthcare sector. Furthermore, the healthcare work environment should also provide the nursing professionals with the necessary resources and financial support to actively participate in politics relating to healthcare policies (Safari et al., 2020). Finally, nursing professionals should encourage teamwork and collaboration at all levels through their lobby groups (E. Jiva, personal communication, June 26, 2022).

Follow-Up Question:

We just faced possibly the most significant pandemic of our lifetime; what challenges did you face while working as a healthcare provider, and what policies do you think should be changed to navigate better future pandemics we might meet?

References

Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2020). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019832950

Gerber, L. (2018). Understanding the nurse’s role as a patient advocate. Nursing, 48(4), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000531007.02224.65

Godsey, J. A., Houghton, D. M., & Hayes, T. (2020). Registered nurse perceptions of factors contributing to the inconsistent brand image of the nursing profession. Nursing Outlook, 68(6), 808-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.005

Hajizadeh, A., Zamanzadeh, V., Kakemam, E., Bahreini, R., & Khodayari-Zarnaq, R. (2021). Factors influencing nurses participation in the health policy-making process: A systematic review. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00648-6

Safari, M. B., Bahadori, M., & Alimohammadzadeh, K. (2020). The related factors of nurses’ participation and perceived benefits and barriers in health policy making. The Journal of Nursing Research, 28(4), e103. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000385

Declaration of Alma Ata (1978) stated that “Primary health care is essential health care…made universally accessible…at a cost that the community and country can afford…” with the goal of “Health for All” by 2000. As we know, this goal has yet to be achieved in 2022. What are 2-3 major obstacles that still remain, and why are they still an issue, even decades since this Declaration?

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Quiz 1

1. Declaration of Alma Ata (1978) stated that “Primary health care is essential health care…made universally accessible…at a cost that the community and country can afford…” with the goal of “Health for All” by 2000. As we know, this goal has yet to be achieved in 2022. What are 2-3 major obstacles that still remain, and why are they still an issue, even decades since this Declaration (4 points)?

1a. 2-3 obstacles that still remain (2 points)

1b. Why do these obstacles persist today? (2 points)

2. If you were currently the head of the World Health organization, these are two action items you would plan and implement to address these obstacles (6 points). Please provide 1 reference to support each action item proposed:

2a Action item #1 (action item 2 points; reference/rationale 1 point)

2b Action item #2 (action item 2 points; reference/rationale 1 point)

After learning more about what GCU is all about by reading the GCU doctrinal statement and Christian Identity and Heritage, how do you think GCU’s Christian heritage makes the GCU academic experience different than at a non-faith-based university? What value will this difference add to your educational experience?

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TOPIC 1 DQ2 DQ 3

1) After learning more about what GCU is all about by reading the GCU doctrinal statement and Christian Identity and Heritage, how do you think GCU’s Christian heritage makes the GCU academic experience different than at a non-faith-based university? What value will this difference add to your educational experience?

2) Review “Title IX” below and respond to the following: What is Title IX and how does it impact you as a student?

Title IX and Non-Discrimination Policy
Grand Canyon University, while reserving its lawful rights where appropriate to take actions designed to ensure and promote the Christian principles that sustain its mission and heritage, prohibits unlawful discrimination, including any form of harassment and/or retaliation, on the basis of age, disability, national origin, race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, veteran status or any other classification protected by applicable law, in its employment, admissions policies, educational programs or activities. It is the purpose of the university to pursue the highest of academic standards within a context that celebrates and extends the spiritual and ethical ideals of the Christian faith. This policy also complies with the Title IX requirements related to non-discrimination.

Grand Canyon University adheres to all federal, state and local civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination in employment and education. As a recipient of federal financial assistance for education activities, GCU is required by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to ensure that all of its education programs and activities do not discriminate on the basis of sex. GCU also prohibits retaliation against any person opposing discrimination or participating in any discrimination investigation or complaint process internal or external to the institution. Sexual harassment, sexual assault, dating and domestic violence and stalking are forms of sex discrimination, which are prohibited under Title IX and by university policy. Harassment or discrimination on the basis of any other classification protected by law is prohibited under university policy. Any member of the campus community, guest or visitor who acts to deny, deprive or limit the educational, employment, residential or social access, opportunities and/or benefits of any member of the GCU community on the basis of sex or other protected class status, is in violation of the Title IX and Non-Discrimination Policy. Any person may report sex discrimination, age, disability, national origin, race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, veteran status or any other classification protected by applicable law, in person, by mail, by telephone, by video or by email, using the contact information listed for the Title IX Coordinator (below).

How successful has the company been at creating new products, services, and business models? How effectively has the company adapted its legacy business to change and disruption, giving it new life? How have the firm’s growth, profits, and stock performance compared to a relevant benchmark during the transformation period?

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What the Best Transformational Leaders Do

Companies that claim to be “transforming” seem to be everywhere. But when you look more deeply into whether those organizations are truly redefining what they are and what they do, stories of successful change efforts are exceptionally rare. In a study of S&P 500 and Global 500 firms, our team found that those leading the most successful transformations, creating new offerings and business models to push into new growth markets, share common characteristics and strategies. Before describing those, let’s look at how we identified the exceptional firms that rose to the top of our ranking, a group we call the Transformation 10.

Whereas most business lists analyze companies by traditional metrics such as revenue or by subjective assessments such as “innovativeness,” our ranking evaluates the ability of leaders to strategically reposition the firm. Some companies that made the list were obvious choices; for example, the biggest online retailer now gets most of its profit from cloud services (Amazon). But others were surprising, given their states before embarking on transformation. The list includes a health care company that was once near bankruptcy (DaVita), a software firm whose stock price stagnated for a decade (Microsoft), a travel website that faced overwhelming competition (Priceline), a food giant that seemed to lose its focus (Danone), and a steel company that faced new pressure from lower-cost rivals (ThyssenKrupp). The team began by identifying 57 companies that have made substantial progress toward transformation. We then narrowed the list to 18 finalists using three sets of metrics:

New growth. How successful has the company been at creating new products, services, and business models? This was gauged by assessing the percent of revenue outside the core that can be attributed to new growth.

Core repositioning. How effectively has the company adapted its legacy business to change and disruption, giving it new life?

Financial performance. How have the firm’s growth, profits, and stock performance compared to a relevant benchmark (NASDAQ for a tech company, for example, or DAX Index for a German
firm) during the transformation period?

We recruited a panel of expert judges (see the list below), who evaluated the companies through the lens of their own expertise and gauged which transformations were most durable and had the highest impact in their industries. (For more on our methods, see the sidebars below.) With these criteria in mind, our final list is as follows: Our analysis revealed characteristics shared by the winning firm’s leaders as well as common strategies they employed.

Using the concepts of Coaching for Unending Change in Porter-O’Grady and Malloch, develop one strategy for each that will combat the barriers to effective coaching

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Coaching for Unending Change

Using the concepts of Coaching for Unending Change in Porter-O’Grady and Malloch, develop one strategy for each that will combat the barriers to effective coaching; Use of Power; Self Image; Knowledge; and Problem Solving. Use examples from your practice setting.

Explain what variables are being analyzed, and then explain why you think the researchers decided to use p instead of r. If they used both, then explain which one resulted in a more significant coefficient and why you think that happened.

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Spearman’s Correlation

Pearson’s correlation coefficient is, by far, the most commonly used metric for the degree of correlation between two variables. But r has its limitations, the main one being that it assumes that both variables should be normally distributed (which might sound restrictive, but really just means that they behave in a “typical. random fashion”). But sometimes there are independent variables that aren’t distributed in this way, in which case r isn’t an appropriate measurement. Enter Spearman’s correlation coefficient (or Spearman’s rho), denoted by p or re.

a. First. review Spearman’s Rank Correlation e , from the University of Texas, which briefly defines Spearman’s correlation coefficient The first article begins with an in-depth discussion of Pearson’s r, which you may skip but I would recommend that you read, as it supplements our discussions of r from the lessons. About halfway down the page. you will find the section on Spearman Rank Correlation. and you should read from there to the end of the article. b. You may then review Schober, P. et al. (2018). The authors visually depict some of the main differences between Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients.

■ Schober. P., Boer, C., and Schwarte, L (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation . Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768. c. You may also review Hauke and Kossowski (2011): you may ignore the discussions on Kendall’s T.

■ Hauke. J., and Kossowski. T (2011). Comparisons of Values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient on the Same Sets of Data e . Quaestiones Geographicae. 30(2).
If you are still unclear about how Spearman’s p compares to Pearson’s r, you may want to search for more information yourself.

I would like you to find a healthcare-related paper that uses Spearman’s correlation coefficient. You may use. but are not limited to, the ProQuest database.

(Hint: search for “Spearman)

You should link to the paper, explain what variables are being analyzed. and then explain why you think the researchers decided to use p instead of r. If they used both, then explain which one resulted in a more significant coefficient (i.e.. which was closest to 1 or -1) and why you think that happened.

Create a scatter plot of the data in Excel. Based on the scatter plot alone, does the (logistic) correlation between SBP and 10-year CHD appear strong or weak? Use the XLMiner app to determine the logistic correlation for the data. Does the p-value suggest a strong or weak correlation? Why do you think that the correlation looks weak in the scatter plot, when in fact the correlation is strong?

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Choosing Regression Models

For this assignment, download this Excel file and follow along with the questions below. Note that the table for the third question is on the second sheet of the Excel file. Click on the tabs to view the questions:

Assignment 11.1 Excel File (Links to an external site.)

Question 1

Use the table provided for Question 1 in the Excel file and answer the following questions:

  1. Using Excel’s trendline feature, find which type of model best fits the data, going by the r-value.
  2. Find the equation of the trendline and use it to predict the value of Y corresponding to an X-value of 2.5.

 

Question 2

Rhudy and France (2007)* studied the relation between obesity and the response to pain. Obesity was measured as the percentage over the ideal weight, and the response to pain as the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold. The results of the study appear in the table, labeled Question 2 in the Excel file. Based on that, answer the following questions:

  1. According to the scatter plot, which model explains better the relation of the response to pain on obesity: linear, exponential, quadratic, or logarithmic?
  2. According to the best regression model, what is the response to pain expected for a person with obesity of 50%? Is this prediction reliable?
  3. According to the best regression model, what is the expected pain threshold for a person with obesity of 4.5%? Is this prediction reliable?

 

Question 3

In the second sheet of the Excel file, you find a large data set comprised of two columns of data from the famous Framingham Heart Study*. The first column lists the systolic BP of the patients. The second shows a 1 if they developed coronary heart disease within the next ten years and a 0 if they did not.

  1. Create a scatter plot of the data in Excel. Based on the scatter plot alone, does the (logistic) correlation between SBP and 10-year CHD appear strong or weak?
  2. Use the XLMiner app to determine the logistic correlation for the data. Does the p-value suggest a strong or weak correlation?
  3. Why do you think that the correlation looks weak in the scatter plot, when in fact the correlation is strong?
  4. Use the output from Excel to determine the equation of the best-fit logistic curve. You may want to revisit the video(Links to an external site.) to see how to do this.
  5. Use the equation to estimate the probability of a patient developing CHD in the next ten years if their SBP is 133. You may need to use e≈2.718.