Write an essay scoping around human’s responsibility for the potential actions of AI, specifically Apple’s Siri or other AI assistant system.

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Human’s responsibility in creating and operating AI systems

This will be an essay scoping around human’s responsibility for the potential actions of AI, specifically Apple’s Siri or other AI assistant system

This can be designed to prevent unforeseeable future including and not limited to AI purposefully designed for criminalities, the misuse of AI (e.g. for organized crimes), AI acting out of control and caused harmful or potentially disastrous effects.

Some examples can be included: Information manipulation by AI providers, AI operators set their AI to benefit them more instead of customers, etc.

Further discussion can be made of how this can limit the development of AI technology and when can human’s responsibility can be exempt (e.g. when AI achieve full consciousness).

Some sources:

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3857504

https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en-au/knowledge/publications/dfbc5dc8/european-commission-considers-new-civil-liability-rules

https://www.brookings.edu/research/products-liability-law-as-a-way-to-address-ai-harms/

Demonstrate skills such as logical argumentation; presentation; independent research and analysis of evidence and data. Recognise and describe basic concepts of the UN and regional human rights system and law. Explain and classify key features of the UN and regional human rights law.

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Human Rights Treaties

A significant feature of International Human Rights Law is the list of state reservations to Human Rights Treaties. It is claimed that state reservations to treaties avoids conflict with national laws, secures widespread state participation, achieves consensus, and ensures sovereign interests will not be damaged. Discuss.

Demonstrate skills such as logical argumentation; presentation; independent research and analysis of evidence and data.

Students should:
•Recognise and describe basic concepts of the UN and regional human rights system and law.
•Explain and classify key features of the UN and regional human rights law.
•Critically evaluate aspects of the UN and regional human rights law and its application to concrete cases.

 

Why is the work of your project important? What is the history of work in this area? What is the future? Pick one or two events or incidents within your project work, and critically evaluate them. What legal issues were raised? What other challenges were there? How did you deal with the challenges? Would you have done anything differently in hindsight?

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Clinical Legal Education – Employment law Clinic

Portfolio

For your portfolio, you are encouraged to consider the following headings:

Introduction to your clinical role – what the clinic/project does, and your role within it.

Placing your project within a wider access to justice context – Why is the work of your project important? What is the history of work in this area? What is the future?

Case study – Pick one or two events or incidents within your project work, and critically evaluate them. What legal issues were raised? What other challenges were there? How did you deal with the challenges? Would you have done anything differently in hindsight?

Evaluation – In what ways does your project work well? In what ways could it be improved?

Personal reflection – State what you have taken from the project, and how it might influence you in the future.

Identify at least ONE learning outcome for each task. Identify learning outcomes related to your current or future career, legal or otherwise, and or those related to further academic study.

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Advocacy in Criminal Trial

Answer BOTH of the following questions.

1. Using the R v ? brief, in a separate X-page document, complete THREE of the following tasks (a)-(e).

You should support your answers to this part of the assessment with any relevant law and references to commentary, including but not limited to works on the module’s Reading List.

(a) State a persuasive Case Theory for the Defence.

Justify the effectiveness of your case theory addressing the Prosecution’s case.

(b) Plan a Crown’s Opening Speech, i.e., how the Prosecution might introduce its case to the jury at the start of the trial.

Your speech may be note-form or full-form and should be accompanied by a commentary.

(c) Plan a Cross-examination of

  • I. Wit 1, or
  • II. Wit 2.

Accompany your plan with a commentary justifying it in light of theories of cross-examination and advancing your client’s best interests in an ethical fashion.

(d) Plan an Examination-in-chief of the Defendant.

Accompany your plan with a commentary justifying it in light of theories of examination-in-chief and advancing your client’s best interests in an ethical fashion.

(e) Plan a Defence Closing Speech, i.e., how you expect the Defence to close its case to the jury at the end of the trial.

Your speech may be note-form or full-form and should be accompanied by a commentary.

2. Complete a Reflection table for each of the THREE tasks completed in part 1.

You should identify at least ONE learning outcome for each task. You may identify learning outcomes related to your current or future career, legal or otherwise, and or those related to further academic study.

You may use the tables below or adopt your own layout.

Based on the information presented, do you think investigators need these tools, or is this just another example of our Constitutional Rights being gradually eroded? Where do you draw the line, or do you believe that line has already been crossed? Which type of technology do you think you feel could be the most significant concern to American citizens?

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Forum

Review the attached material presented; after doing so, answer the following forum questions:

Multiple examples have been introduced which demonstrate how biometrics are being implemented throughout law enforcement in the United States. Based on the information presented, do you think investigators need these tools, or is this just another example of our Constitutional Rights being gradually eroded? Where do you draw the line, or do you believe that line has already been crossed? Which type of technology do you think you feel could be the most significant concern to American citizens?

Critically analyse the key arguments advanced by Leggett and justify and evidence your argument as to whether you agree or not with his conclusion.

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Derroux case.

ASSESSMENT QUESTION  

 Zach Leggett in his case comment, .Leggett Z. Court of Appeal: Theft: Appropriation through submitting false claims? Darroux v R [2018] EWCA Crim 1009. The Journal of Criminal Law. 2018;82(4):287-291, discusses the case of Darroux and the issue of appropriation of property.

Critically analyse the key arguments advanced by Leggett and justify and evidence your argument as to whether you agree or not with his conclusion that:

Ultimately, the decision in Darroux takes a narrow view of appropriation which sits uneasily with cases such as Gomez and Hinks….It seems that the Court of Appeal is minded to create a distinction between theft and fraud and is reluctant to use s. 1 of the Theft Act 1968 as a catch-all offence. If the suggestion from Catherine Elliott is that R v Williams closed off some of the problematic loopholes created in Preddy, then by taking a strict approach in the current case, the Court of Appeal is potentially opening them back up again.

Children should have the right not only to consent to medical treatment, but to refuse it, even if this is deemed to be contrary to their best interests. Critically discuss

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UK Family Law

1. Children should have the right not only to consent to medical treatment, but to refuse it, even if this is deemed to be contrary to their best interests.

Critically discuss

2. In the 21st century, It is no longer appropriate to make a distinction between mothers and fathers when it comes to granting automatic parental responsibility for a child.

Critically discuss

3. Fault should not be relevant in the law of divorce because it causes unnecessary hostility. For that reason, the Divorce Dissolution and Separation Act 2020 represents a huge step forward for English family law.

Critically discuss why

Critically analyse to what extent the Fraud Act 2006 has been a success.

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The Fraud Act 2006

The Fraud Act 2006 represents the most radical change in the law of criminal fraud since 1968…Although it is a short Act it will have the effect of significantly altering the way in which the criminal courts deal with fraud.” Farrell S et al, Blackstone’s Guide to The Fraud Act 2006 (OUP 2007)

Critically analyse to what extent the Fraud Act 2006 has been a success.

Discuss how sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 affect a decision maker’s approach to the deportation of a foreign criminal. In your opinion, should sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 be repealed or amended and why?

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Immigration Law

Discuss how sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 affect a decision maker’s approach to the deportation of a foreign criminal.

Consider what human rights arguments immigration practitioners can make on behalf of their foreign criminal clients who face deportation.

In your opinion, should sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 be repealed or amended and why?

In preparing your report you need to address all the following areas.

1. The purpose of and justification for sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002.

2. How sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 affect a decision maker’s approach to the deportation of a foreign criminal.

3. The human rights arguments immigration practitioners can make on behalf of their foreign criminal clients who face deportation.

4. Your proposals and rationale for repealing or amending sections 117A, 117B and 117C of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002.

To what extent does the accession process and the membership criteria itself safeguard the values of the European Union set out in Article 2 TEU after a Member State has joined the EU? Is there sufficient accountability of EU Member States?

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EU LAW

QUESTION ONE

When a candidate country applies to join the European Union, it works with the EU to ensure it can fulfil certain criteria. The Copenhagen Criteria 1993 sets out the political, economic and legal criteria. Alongside this, during the accession process, candidate countries have to demonstrate their willingness to engage with EU aims and values.

To what extent does the accession process and the membership criteria itself safeguard the values of the European Union set out in Article 2 TEU after a Member State has joined the EU? Is there sufficient accountability of EU Member States?

QUESTION TWO

Helene, a French national, has recently set up an online company which makes and sells homemade alcohol products. Helene grows the fruits organically on her farm in Provence and makes a range of goods, including raspberry vodka and blackberry gin. Part of her recipe is to include one-third fruit, one-third sugar and one-third alcohol. Helene’s local customers really love the products and have encouraged her to expand the business. Helene investigates her options for selling her drinks more widely within the EU and approaches you for legal advice on the following matters.

Use relevant EU law to advise Helene on the issues.

1) Helene has heard from a contact in Estonia that when goods that fall within the ‘food and drink’ category cross the border there has been a small charge of 10 Euros that is imposed. It is thought that this covers personnel at the border carrying out a brief quality check on any perishable goods to make sure they are directed to retailers in good time.

2) In Belgium, Helene is made aware of an annual tax – the ‘sugar tax’ – which is imposed on any product with a sugar content of over 20%. The annual tax adds 3% on to the cost of the goods but is applied to all products sold in Belgium. Helene cannot see any particular difference in the burden of this tax between her goods and those produced domestically but she is not sure what her options would be if there was a difference.

3) When Helene sought advice from a friend in Germany about possibly importing her drinks there she was told that there had been some restrictions on the alcohol content of goods sold. In Germany, it has been the case that alcohol sold could not have an alcohol content higher than 30%. Helene’s drinks have an alcohol content of 35% but she knows these are legal in France.

4) Helene would like further advice about whether she can choose how her goods are marketed in the Member States she imports to. She would like to have her goods advertised on television alongside domestic goods but is not sure whether there are any restrictions on this.