The UCP 600 introduced some welcomed changes from the previous version, UCP 500. However, it has failed to regulate the problem of fraud in documentary Letter of Credit transactions. Discuss and critically consider with reference to the common law and the UCP.

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LAW OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Assessment Instructions/Question
The assessment question paper will have TWO compulsory questions. The student will have to answer two compulsory questions, ie the student will have to answer Question One (worth 50% of this assessment) and Question Two (worth the other 50% of this assessment).

The TWO questions are as follows:

Question 1
The UCP 600 introduced some welcomed changes from the previous version, UCP 500. However, it has failed to regulate the problem of fraud in documentary Letter of Credit transactions.

Discuss and critically consider with reference to the common law and the UCP.

Question 2
Foresure Ltd, a British engineering company, agrees to sell precision designed metals to Ikram PLC in Tahriristan, a newly independent state outside of Europe. Tahriristan has a civil law legal regime rather than a common law legal regime. Ikram PLC does not have a place of business in England.

The contract was negotiated and signed in London. The price was payable in US dollars and due on delivery of the goods to Ikram PLC in Tahriristan. The contract provided that any dispute arising out of the performance of the contract should be submitted to the Tahriristan courts at the behest of Ikram PLC.

When the goods were delivered to Ikram PLC, they were alleged to be of inferior quality to those requested by the buyer. Foresure Ltd deny this and claim Ikram PLC are merely attempting to leverage a lower price for the metals. Foresure Ltd has major doubts about allowing the dispute to be heard in the courts in Tahriristan

The fair and equitable standard gives modern expression to a general principle of due process in its application to the treatment of investors and encapsulates the minimum requirements of the rule of law. Critically discuss by making reference to relevant case law.

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The fair and equitable standard gives modern expression to a general principle of due process in its application to the treatment of investors and [the standard] encapsulates the minimum requirements of the rule of law.  Critically discuss by making reference to relevant case law.

dentify and explain the key characteristics of different approaches/perspectives. Discuss the current status of academic legal scholarship and its use of the different approaches/perspectives. Critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of taking a variety of approaches/perspectives.

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EMA W820

Learning outcomes for the EMA

By successfully completing the EMA you will demonstrate you can:

Identify and explain the key characteristics of different approaches/perspectives.

Discuss the current status of academic legal scholarship and its use of the different approaches/perspectives.

Critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of taking a variety of approaches/perspectives.

Develop an argument relating to legal meaning.

IDENTIFY THE TREATMENT OF MIGRANTS IN UKRAINE PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO THE TREATMENT OF BLACK PEOPLE IN UKRAINE. CHOOSE A RIGHT THAT IS VIOLATED WITHIN THE UDHR THAT IS VIOLATED WHICH MAY LEAD TO FURTHER OUTLINING OF SUB-RIGHTS INCLUDING INHUMANE TREATMENT AND ARBITARY DETENTION.

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Regional and international human rights

To what extent are regional and international human rights documents effective in relation to the recognition and protection of the human rights of migrants?

IDENTIFY THE TREATMENT OF MIGRANTS IN UKRAINE PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO THE TREATMENT OF BLACK PEOPLE IN UKRAINE.

CHOOSE A RIGHT THAT IS VIOLATED WITHIN THE UDHR THAT IS VIOLATED WHICH MAY LEAD TO FURTHER OUTLINING OF SUB-RIGHTS INCLUDING INHUMANE TREATMENT AND ARBITARY DETENTION.

FOLLOW THE DETAILS!!!! IN THE FILE I NEED A GOOD GRADE FOR THIS IS WORTH 50%

1- CHOOSE ONE DOCUMENT TO FOCUS ON AND THAT IS THE UDHR MENTIONS RIGHTS STATED WITHIN FOR EXAMPLE RIGHT TO LIFE AND FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

2- BRING EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DOCUMENTS SUCH AS THE ICCPR AND ICESR, PRE-AMBLE AND AFRICAN CHARTER WHICH COVER ALL THREE GENERATIONAL RIGHTS

3- RECOGNISE HOW ARTICLES DRAFTED WITHIN THE UDHR DOCUMENT AND HOW IT WOULD BE USEFUL FOR MIGRANTS SEEKING TO DEFECT FROM THEIR ORIGINATING COUNTRIES. LOOK AT WHETHER RIGHTS ARE ABSOLUTE HOW WE INTERPRET THE USE OF WORDS USED WITHIN THE UDHR DOCUMENT.

4- HAVE A BALANCED ANALYSIS FOR EXAMPLE THE UDHR WHICH IS THE SOLE FOCUS CAN BE COUNTERED BY THE ARGUMENT OF THE FACT THAT THE UDHR AS A DOCUMENT WAS ONLY DRAFTED TO SET PRECEDENT AND ONLY PROVIDES A FOUNDATIONAL BASIS OF UNDERSTANDING RIGHTS INDIVIDUALS ARE ENTITLED TO/

Explain how the idea of patent bargain relates to the justification of patent law and critically discuss it in relation to the doctrine of insufficiency of disclosure in product patents.

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Patent bargain

The idea for a patent bargain is based off the erroneous assumption that the scope of the patent always corresponds to the breadth of the disclosure.

Explain how the idea of patent bargain relates to the justification of patent law and critically discuss it in relation to the doctrine of insufficiency of disclosure in product patents.

Write an essay on the study of terrorism or homeland security, it cannot be a general criminal justice, foreign policy or history paper.

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Bibliography assignment

RESEARCH PAPER: BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS

OVERVIEW:
Your paper must involve the study of terrorism or homeland security, it cannot be a general criminal justice, foreign policy or history paper. The topic must substantively address an issue related to terrorism so your sources must focus on and align to that topic. The information given in your bibliography must be sufficient to retrieve the source easily. You should follow APA format and leverage the Liberty APA resources page to guide your citations. Ideally you should use the Falwell Library and many available databases as your primary search tool to find relevant scholarly sources for your topic. Carefully research these sources to ensure they are scholarly.

Also, be sure to read the bibliographic references and use your wisdom. In addition, your sources should develop along a theme you have in mind for the paper so they should not be on many topics but aligned to a core direction for your paper.

INSTRUCTIONS
Submit a “References” page with the following:

 Current – majority of sources approximately 5 years or newer
 Relevant to the topic area
 Scholarly Sources from peer review journals or periodicals
 5-7 sources in current APA format.

All papers must use the following format: Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1” margins from left to right and top to bottom and be double-spaced.

One of the great strengths of UK company law is the reluctance of UK courts to lift the corporate veil except in the most exceptional of cases. Critically analyse this statement.

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Business Enterprises

You are required to submit a written coursework addressing the following question:

‘One of the great strengths of UK company law is the reluctance of UK courts to lift the corporate veil except in the most exceptional of cases’. Critically analyse this statement.

Guidance

1. Have regard to the assessment criteria.

2. In this coursework you are expected to engage with as follows:
• A discussion of the concepts of incorporation, separate legal personality and limited liability; and
• Notwithstanding the above, the exceptional circumstances where the ‘Corporate Veil’ may be lifted.

Provide a critique of the modern slavery Act 2015,and how it has applied so far,The main focus should be in section 54 of the Act [Transparency in the supply chain which precribes a reporting obligation for corporations.

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International Human Trafficking law

In the context of one of the area of human trafficking listed below, undertake a critical assessment of the effectiveness of transnational legal frameworks ,underpining the obligations of prevention, prosecution and protection

1. Choose any one among the five and also any country of your choice

  1. For sexual expoloitation
  2. For forced bonded labour or depth bondage
  3. For involuntary domestic servitude
  4. For forced conscription during times of war and political conflict
  5. For human organs and tissues

2 Provide a critique of the modern slavery Act 2015,and how it has applied so far,The main focus should be in section 54 of the Act [Transparency in the supply chain which precribes a reporting obligation for corporations

GUIDE for writing the assessment
1 For this purpose you can focus on any country of your choice

2 Draw upon the U S Department of state 2021 Trafficking in persons[TIP] report including the conutry narratives

Critically evalute the development of substantive Human Rights and or protective of Human Rights with particular focus on the jurisprudence.

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International Human Right Law

Critically evalute the development of substantive Human Rights and or protective of Human Rights with particular focus on the jurisprudence of one of the following

  1. The European court of human Right
  2. The united Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies
  3. The European court of Human Rights compared with the united nations Treaty monitoring Bodies useful materials to be used

1 P.Alston and R.Goodman,international Human Rights oxford university press Bantekas and L.oette,international Human Rights law and practice 2nd Edition cambridge university press

Useful site
The council of the Europe https;/www.coe.int/en/web/portal

https;The ECHR HUDOS database

United nations human right councils universal periodic review, http;/ Bodies/UPR/Pages/uprmain.aspx United Nations Human Rights council universal periodic review

‘Quistclose trusts are incapable of being reconciled with orthodox trusts principle in a coherent way. The recognition of such trusts may have been thought to be commercially expedient for policy reasons, but they should now be abolished.’ To what extent do you agree?

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Quistclose trusts

‘Quistclose trusts are incapable of being reconciled with orthodox trusts principle in a coherent way. The recognition of such trusts may have been thought to be commercially expedient for policy reasons, but they should now be abolished.’ To what extent do you agree?

Answer all parts of the question, critical analysis is a must. The different trust principles it does or does not align with? Does it do so coherently? Was it actually commercially expedient? Should it be abolished?

When discussing trust principles mention specifically express trusts, resulting trusts, and constructive trusts. Mention the central argument in the introduction.

Make the essay as nuanced as possible. Pinpoint Oscola referencing. Use names of commentators and academics in the essay.