Compose a 500-word personal statement on a subject of your choice. Many applicants write about their goals, achievements, influences, and their interest in our Law School.
The Climate Commission was created through the enactment of the Climate Change Act 2021 (fictitious). Section 5 of the Act gives the Climate Commission the power to fine any business operating within the United Kingdom that has a negative impact upon the government’s obligations under the Paris Agreement, where the greenhouse gas emissions for which they are responsible exceed an industry-based target. The Climate Change Act 2021 requires that the Secretary of State for the Environment approves any decision of the Climate Commission before issuing fines to any company.
Duff Beer is a brewery that operates within the UK brewing industry. The brewing industry has managed to keep within its agreed target for greenhouse gas emissions and Duff Beer have complied with their own targets for gas emissions. Moe Szyslak, the President of Duff Beer, learns that the Climate Commission intends to fine Duff Beer for failing to operate within their commitments for limiting the amount of gas emissions released into the air through their brewing operations.
Moe contacts the Climate Commission and sends them an independently audited report of Duff Beer’s greenhouse gas emissions. The report shows that Duff Beer is compliant and is operating within the targets. The report also includes an industry-wide report detailing that the whole brewing industry is compliant with the targets that have been set.
When the Climate Change Act 2021 was debated in Parliament, Moe appeared in television interviews to express his disagreement with the creation of the Climate Commission. He also organised several protests and petitions against the creation of the Climate Commission.
The Climate Commission’s decision to fine Duff Beer is authorised by the Secretary of State for the Environment following her meeting with the Prime Minister who reminds her that tighter control of greenhouse gas emissions was a fundamental principle of current government policy.
Advise Moe as to the potential grounds upon which he might apply for judicial review against the decision of the Climate Commission and the Secretary of State for the Environment
Sources in OSCOLA:
(https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_4th_edn_hart_2012quickreferenceguide.pdf )
In this second unit we review the rights and responsibilities of parties to construction contracts. For this week’s discussion, review the following questions from this week’s readings covering the main actors in contracts (Owner, Contractor & Design Professional). Select one question and provide a detailed response based on the readings and other resources (website, book, study aid, etc.).
What are the main differences between the CM agent and CM constructor delivery methods? Discuss advantages and disadvantages of each.
What is the difference between a performance bond, payment bond, and bid bond? When are each used and why?
What are the main categories of professional licensing laws and what do they entail? What is the principal sanction for unlicensed practice of architecture, engineering, or construction?
Your main post should be at least 250-300 words long. Be sure to provide APA format citations for the sources you use.
PART A
The question in this section is a compulsory question which you must answer.
Question 1
Andrew was a registered cat breeder who bred various types of cats for sale. He saw an advertisement for wet cat food on the website of Safefood Ltd. The advertisement said that the wet food made by Safefood Ltd was suitable for all breeds of cats and each pouch contained 80g of meat.
What attracted Andrew the most was the promise to provide a free gift, a large cat tree, if one purchased 1000 or more pouches of wet food from Safefood Ltd.. Therefore, Andrew purchased 1000 pouches of the wet food at a price of 1000 pounds in total and collected the tree happily.
Among all cats Andrew bred, there were three Kurilian Bobtail cats which were very rare. They were allergic to the wet food sold by Safefood Ltd., as the food contained corn products which caused those three cats to lose hair. However, cats of other breeds were not affected by the products. Also, Andrew found out that the weight of each pouch was only 79g instead of 80g. Moreover, what made him a bit annoyed was that the cat tree was not stable when cats climbed it; it fell down a few times in a day.
Andrew reported these issues to Safefood Ltd. and hoped the company could find solutions to the issues. However, the company defended that it was not responsible for the hair loss as Andrew did not inform the company of the rarity of the cat. Also, the differences of the weight of the pouches are negligible, so it should not be a problem. With regard to the cat tree, since it was free, so the company had no responsibility for the quality of it.
Andrew’s three Kurilian Bobtail cats were very popular and he had received orders from three buyers. Though the market price of each Kurilian Bobtail cat was around 1200 pounds, the buyers were all happy to pay 2000 pounds to buy one. It is clear that Andrew could not sell them without a treatment for the cats, which might cost around 300 pounds. Also, Andrew worried that the buyers would cancel the offers.
Advise Andrew as to whether Safefood Ltd is liable to his loss and which part of the loss he could recover.
40 marks
PART B
You must answer TWO questions from this section. There are five questions in this section from which to choose.
Question 2
Zelda was the director of a company named Warmth Ltd. The main business of the company was to sell and install underground heating systems. Zelda approached a customer, Link, at his home and persuaded him to enter into a credit sale agreement to replace the old heating system in Link’s house. Warmth Ltd would install a new one for him. Link agreed to pay a total amount of 8000 pounds and he could pay the bill in 36 instalments under the credit sale agreement.
Both signed the agreement and Link was informed of his cancellation rights. However, a week later, Link found a mistake in the agreement, as Zelda wrote a wrong figure for the cost of credit. Link decided to cancel the contract and he phoned Zelda to report the issue. Zelda agreed to rectify the mistake, but she believed that Link was bound by the contract.
30 marks
Question 3
Johnson was a successful businessman who owned a mansion in London. He contracted with a builder, Tom, to build a mini-golf course next to a beautiful private garden in the grounds of his mansion so that Johnson could show off his success to his friends while playing golf with them.
Tom built the mini-golf course in a slightly different location, which was 10 meters to the left of the agreed place. However, the quality of the work was satisfactory. The contract between them provided that Johnson should pay 30% of the construction costs in advance of the start of the building work, but Johnson did not pay anything prior to the completion of the golf course. After three months, the work was completed. When Tom tendered the final invoice to Johnson for payment, Johnson asked Tom to remove the complete golf course and to rebuild a new one in the right location. Tom told Johnson that it would be very costly to do that and he might have to close his business as a result of the cost of the extra work. Johnson insisted on his decision. Advise Tom as to whether he can defend Johnson’s specific performance claim successfully.
30 marks
Question 4
Critically discuss the rules on passing of property in specific or ascertained goods and unascertained goods.
30 marks
Question 5
The law of agency allows undisclosed principals to intervene contracts signed by their agents and the third parties. Discuss the justification of such intervention and examine the circumstances where intervention by undisclosed principals may not be available.
30 marks
Question 6
‘The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 satisfactorily solves the issues arising from the strict operation of the privity of contract doctrine.’ Critically discuss this argument alongside the common law solutions to the privity of contract doctrine.
30 marks
For the Unit 1 homework, review the scenarios listed at the beginning of each chapter in this week’s readings. Select one scenario and provide a summary along with your response to how you might resolve the situation. How did the readings this week help address the chosen scenario?
Submit the assignment as a Microsoft Word document at least 500 words in length. Conduct additional research outside the text and provide a minimum of two additional sources. Be sure to provide APA format citations for the sources you use.
For this assignment, you will take on the role of the newly appointed Special Assistant to the President of the United States on issues of cybersecurity for the White House. The President would like you to prepare a detailed report on the current state of challenges facing the United States concerning cybercrime. In the creation of this Report, it is paramount to include information in the form of peer-reviewed and/or scholarly research to support any statements made. You must research a minimum of five peer-reviewed articles and/or scholarly sources beyond those included in this course for this assignment.
In your report, make certain to include the following headings and content.
Section One: Problems (3-4 pages)
Describe the current nature and extent of the cybercrime problem in the United States.
Explain the ways in which businesses and individuals are affected by cybercrime.
Analyze the limitations of governmental investigation of cybercrime.
Evaluate how individual and business attempts to protect against cybercrime affect investigations.
Section Two: Strategies (3-4 pages)
Examine techniques utilized to protect potential targets of cybercrime.
Recommend an integrated set of strategies to combat the threat of cybercrime and protect the nation’s computers and the public.
Section Three: Rationale (3-6 pages)
Explain the basic legal rights of businesses and individuals who are affected by cybercrime.
Evaluate the ethical and legal issues inherent to techniques used to protect potential targets from cyber criminals.
Assess the technical issues relevant to cybercrime protection.
Analyze the cultural issues that may impact the protection of individuals and businesses against cybercrime.
Section Four: Summary (1 page)
Provide a summary of the major issues and elements identified in the larger report with a focus on two to three key takeaways or messages.
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read all of the required resources for this week. Review the instructions below and research a minimum of three additional scholarly sources in the UAGC Library that were published within the last 10 years to help support your statements. Be sure to include a reference list for your articles at the end of your post in APA format as outlined by the UAGC Writing Center.
Cyberattacks are a dangerous innovation in warfare and have become one of the greatest threats to national security since the turn of the 21st century. From a professional, evidence-based perspective, address the following.
Evaluate at least one key ethical and one key legal challenge pertaining to the United States government engaging in cyberattacks against other nations and entities.
Explain at least one technique that the United States currently utilizes to protect valuable data from potential cyberattacks from other nations and entities.
Analyze whether the technique you explained has any legal, ethical, or moral ambiguities.
Prior to beginning work on this interactive assignment, please read all of the required resources for this week. Review the instructions below and research a minimum of five additional peer-reviewed and/or scholarly sources in the UAGC Library that were published within the last 10 years to help support your statements.
For this week’s interactive assignment, you will be creating a 5-7 minute video speech presentation related to the topic of cyberbullying. (You may use any video capture software of your choice. A Screencast-O-Matic quick-start guide (Links to an external site.) including the ability to capture your webcam is provided for your convenience.) For your video presentation, prepare talking points that respond to each of the following topics.
Explain at least one of the basic legal rights of individuals who are impacted by cyberbullying.
Discuss one technique individuals, parents, or businesses can use to protect themselves or their children from cyberbullying.
Evaluate at least one ethical issue that parents, schools, or workplaces must consider when implementing a new technique to protect their children, students, and/or staff from cyber bullies.
Jane Smith in the UK asserts that she has been subjected to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment by a public authority. Although she is angry about this, she is unsure of what action she might be able to take or what rights she may have. She has heard of judicial review but doesn’t want to be a nuisance for the courts. Jane’s friend is not affected by the alleged rights violation but feels an injustice is occurring that needs to be addressed. She therefore wants to bring a judicial review claim to highlight the injustice and get remedy for Jane.
Question 1:
Set out in detail, using case law examples, the right and its scope that applies to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
Question 2:
Set out the process and conditions for bringing a judicial review claim, looking at both standing and merits.
Question 3:
Can Jane’s friend successfully bring a claim to highlight Jane’s situation and seek remedy? Explain your answer.
Question 4:
Would the position in Q3 be different if Jane was not willing to pursue judicial review based on her having a well-founded fear of persecution by the UK state? Could Jane’s friend, or any person or body other than Jane, now successfully bring a claim? Explain your answer.
Religion and politics have traditionally been highly debated topics in our society. Recently, the Pledge of Allegiance has added to this debate.
American citizens have generally recited the Pledge of Allegiance at important ceremonies ranging from presidential inaugurations to the beginning of the school day. The pledge has a great deal of sentimental value to many Americans, but also creates a great deal of controversy for others.
Review The History of Legal Challenges to the Pledge of Allegiance by reading the Supreme Court cases Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow and Jane Doe v. Acton-Boxborogh Regional School District, which highlights the debate.
Write a 2–3 page paper in which you:
Summarize the salient points of the Supreme Court case Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow and Jane Doe v. Acton-Boxborogh Regional School District.
Explain the decisions of the Supreme Court in these cases in brief.
Discuss whether or not you think public schools should require students to recite the pledge. Why or why not?
Provide three quality sources.
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