Insert the regression equation for the line of best fit using the scatterplot from your Module Two assignment. Determine r and what it means, including determining the strength of the correlation and discussing how you determine the direction of the association between the two variables.

/in /by

Real estate

Summary Statistics for MAT 240 Real Estate Data (for dataset in Modules 2, 3, and 4)

n Mean Median Std. Dev. Min Q1 Q3 Max

Listing

price ($)

1,000 342,365 318,000 125,914 135,300 265,250 381,600 987,600

Cost per

square

foot ($)

1,000 169 166 41 71 139 191 344

Square

feet

1,000 2,111 1,881 921 1,101 1,626 2,215 6,516

 

This graph shows the frequency for listing price.

This graph shows the frequency for square feet.

Module Two Notes

Copy and paste any relevant information from your Module Two assignment here to assist you in completing this assignment.

Regression Equation

Insert the regression equation for the line of best fit using the scatterplot from your Module Two assignment.

Determine r

Determine r and what it means, including determining the strength of the correlation and discussing how you determine the direction of the association between the two variables.

Examine the Slope and Intercepts

Draw conclusions from the slope and intercept in the context of this problem and determine the value of only the land.

R-squared Coefficient

Explain what R-squared means in the context of this analysis.

Conclusions

Reflect on the relationship between square feet and sales price by addressing key considerations such as the comparison between your selected region and overall homes in the United States, as well as analyzing how the slope can help identify price changes, how the regression equation can help identify appropriate listing prices, and what square footage ranges the graph would be best used for.

 

 

Rubber sheet geometry says two objects are equivalent by distortion if we can stretch, shrink, bend, or twist one without cutting or gluing and deform it into the other. Review the shapes. Are these two shapes equivalent by distortion or not, and why?

/in /by

lbs 330 mod 4 db

Rubber sheet geometry says two objects are equivalent by distortion if we can stretch, shrink, bend, or twist one without cutting or gluing and deform it into the other. Review the shapes. Are these two shapes equivalent by distortion or not, and why?

Möbius strips are fascinating. Try this at home. Get a piece of paper, scissors, and tape. Cut a strip of paper, maybe an inch wide. How many edges does this piece of paper have? How many surfaces? Now twist one end and tape it onto the other end, making a Möbius strip. Now, trace the sides; how many sides? How many surfaces? How can you tell? Post a few photos of your Möbius strip!

Select either the minimum or maximum function. Identify a task – personal or professional – that could be modeled mathematically through your chosen function. Explain how the chosen function can be used in making good decisions.

/in /by

Calculus minimum or maximum function

Select either the minimum or maximum function. Identify a task – personal or professional – that could be modeled mathematically through your chosen function.

Explain how the chosen function can be used in making good decisions.

Tasks might be:

Make the largest garden possible using a given amount of fencing.

Configure an airplane to create the least amount of drag for an airplane in flight.

Be creative! Write a 300-word post (about 3 paragraphs) that includes your chosen function, shows an equation, and explains how it could be used to make good decisions.

 

Create a scatter plot of the data to compare the distance from CBD to the home price, and graph the trend line of the data.

/in /by

STAT 280 – Real Estate Market Valuation

 

Part 1.2 Real Estate Market Valuation Project

In TAB 2 of the Google Sheet, you will generate a simple random sample of 300 data values from the data set to be used for the remainder of this assignment.

 

Open your copy of Property Prices – Part 1 Data Template.

Copy the original data set provided for you (TAB 1) and paste that entire data set into TAB 2. To do this,

Select inside the blank box in the top left corner of screen. This will select all the cells.

Then, right-select to copy the data.

Paste the data by selecting “Paste” in cell A1 in TAB 2.

Once the random sample of 300 rows is generated, sort the data in TAB 2 by TYPE, since for some parts of this assignment you will be working with only homes or only townhomes or only units. To do this, Select Column B

Then select “Data” from the menu followed by “Sort Range”

>It is imperative that you sort the sheet by the range as opposed to sorting the column by just the range, as you need to make sure that the entire row is sorted, not just the column.

Then select “Data” as a header row checkbox to protect your header row from being sorted. Note that, if done correctly, you will notice the first number of rows correspond to data on HOME prices (h), the next number of rows correspond to data on TOWNHOME prices (t), and the last number of rows corresponds to data on UNIT prices (u).

Now that the rows of data in TAB 2 are sorted by TYPE, copy the rows corresponding only to HOME prices in TAB 2 and paste the rows in TAB 3.

Copy the rows in TAB 2 corresponding only to TOWNHOME prices and paste the rows in TAB 4.

Copy the rows in TAB 2 corresponding only to UNIT prices and paste the rows in TAB 5.

Then post a link to your Google Sheet or upload an excel version for grading.

 

Part 1.3

Use appropriate graphical displays, measures of central tendency, and measures of dispersion to summarize the following variables, TYPE, PRICE, DISTANCE, from your generated random sample of the Property Prices dataset.

TYPE, which records the property type (home, townhome, or unit). Since TYPE is a categorical variable, a pie chart will be used to model the data. Copy the TYPE column from your random sample in TAB 2 and paste the data into Column A of TAB 6: Graphical Display (Type). Select the data. Then, select “Insert” and then “Chart”.

A pie graph will automatically be generated from this data. Use the pie graph to verify or disprove that your randomly generated sample seems to be representative of the original data set. Given that, of the 2,355 properties in the original data set, 1,460 are homes, 282 are townhomes, and 613 are units, compare the percentage of each property type in your sample to the percentage of each property type in the original data set. Describe your results.

PRICE, which records the property price (in USD) – This task is two parts.

First, you will consider all of the property prices from your random sample. Select the PRICE column from TAB 2 (random sample), and copy the prices into Column A in TAB 7. Note that measures of central tendency, spread, and dispersion will automatically be generated. Create a histogram of the property prices by selecting “Insert” from the top menu, and then “chart.” A histogram is automatically generated. If a histogram is not automatically generated, open the “chart-type” drop down menu and select “histogram”. Google Sheets will automatically set the class width of the histogram. To change the class width, select Customize → Histogram → Bucket Size. Change the Bucket Size to 100,000. Note that 100,000 is not an option in the drop-down menu for Bucket Size, but you can type 100,000 in place of “auto.” To edit chart titles, select Customize → Chart & Axis Titles.

You will also create a boxplot of all of the property prices. To create a box plot, use the link provided in TAB 7 that says “BOX PLOT”. Copy the numerical data from column A in TAB 7 (do not include the column heading). Select the link. Select “sample” instead of population. Then, paste the data in the DATA box. You do not need to separate numbers by commas. Then, select “SUBMIT”. A box plot of your data will be generated. Take a screenshot of the box plot for your Google Slides.

Identify both the measures of central tendency and the measures of dispersion (standard deviation, IQR). Describe the trend in data, and highlight any information from the histogram or box plots that you deem important.

Second, you will consider home prices, townhome prices, and unit prices separately. For home prices, copy the prices data from Column C in TAB 3 and paste in Column A of TAB 8 – Graphical Display (HOMES only). For townhome prices, copy the prices data from Column C in TAB 4 and paste in Column A of TAB 9 – Graphical Display (TOWNHOMES only). For unit prices, copy the prices data from Column C in TAB 5 and paste in Column A of TAB 10 – Graphical Display (UNITS only). As in the previous part, create both a frequency histogram and a box plot to model each property type separately. For the histogram, use the same class width as the histogram for all property types combined. Identify both the measures of central tendency and the measures of dispersion (standard deviation, IQR). Describe the trend in data, and highlight any information from the histogram or box plots that you deem important.

Where specified in your Google Slides file, comment on the strengths and weaknesses of using a frequency histogram vs a box plot to model the property prices data. For what situations might a histogram be appropriate? For what situations might a boxplot be appropriate? Compare the data from the three different property types, identifying similarities and differences. Why might it be important in this case to look separately at property prices based on type instead of merely looking at all of the property prices lumped together, as in Part 1? For what specific situations might descriptive statistics be helpful in representing property prices?

DISTANCE, which records the distance (in miles) of the suburb from the central business district (CBD).

For this task, you will consider the distance of all of the properties from the Central Business District (CBD). Select the “DISTANCE” column from TAB 2 (random sample), and copy the distances into Column A in TAB 11. Note that measures of central tendency, spread, and dispersion will automatically be generated. Create a histogram of the distances by selecting “Data” and then “Chart.” A histogram is automatically generated. If a histogram is not automatically generated, open the “Chart-type” drop-down menu and select “histogram”. Google Sheets will automatically set the class width of the histogram. To change the class width, select Customize → Histogram → Bucket Size. Change the Bucket Size to 1. To edit chart titles, select Customize → Chart & Axis Titles.

You will also create a boxplot of all of the distances. To create a box plot, use the link provided in TAB 11 that says “BOX PLOT”. Copy the numerical data from column A in TAB 11 (do not include the column heading). Select the link. Select “sample” instead of population. Then, paste the data in the DATA box. You do not need to separate numbers by commas. Then, select “SUBMIT”. A box plot of your data will be generated. Take a screenshot of the box plot for your Google Slides.

Include both your histogram and box plot in your Google Slides Presentation. Identify the measures of central tendency and the measures of dispersion (standard deviation, IQR).

Describe the trend in data, and highlight any information from the histogram or box plots that you deem important. For what situations might it be handy to use descriptive statistics to describe the distance of a property from the CBD (downtown)?

Submit a written summary for TYPE and PRICE, and the updated Presentation slides for grading.

 

Part 1.4

You will specifically work with the variables PRICE and DISTANCE, looking at homes, townhomes, and units separately.

You will thoroughly assess the assumptions of your particular analysis, and include relevant graphs and tables to support your answers.

Copy the DISTANCE column from TAB 3 (random sample of homes only) and paste in column A of TAB 12 (regression – home). Similarly, copy the PRICE column from TAB 3 and paste in column B of TAB 12. Note that a regression analysis will automatically be generated for you.

Create a scatter plot of the data to compare the distance from CBD to the home price, and graph the trend line of the data. Include the scatter plot, equation of your trend line, and your r value in your Google Slides. Then, analyze your findings based on what you learned about regression in class.

Copy the DISTANCE column from TAB 4 (random sample of townhomes only) and paste in column A of TAB 13 (regression – townhome). Similarly, copy the PRICE column from TAB 4 and paste in column B of TAB 13. Note that a regression analysis will automatically be generated for you.

Create a scatter plot of the data to compare distance from CBD to home price, and graph the trend line of the data. Include the scatter plot, equation of your trend line, and your r value in your Google Slides. Then, analyze your findings based on what you learned about regression in class.

Copy the DISTANCE column from TAB 5 (random sample of units only) and paste in column A of TAB 14 (regression – unit).

Similarly, copy the PRICE column from TAB 5 and paste in column B of TAB 14.Create a scatter plot of the data to compare distance from CBD to home price, and graph the trend line of the data. Include the scatter plot, equation of your trend line, and your r value in your Google Slides.

 

Then, analyze your findings based on what you learned about regression in class.

Is there a significant association between the property price and distance from the CBD based on your analyses? Are your results expected or surprising? What are some considerations in addressing this question?

Choose another numeric variable from your random sample to compare with the home PRICE to determine if there is an association between that variable and the price of a home. Copy the column of your chosen numeric variable from TAB 3 (random sample of homes only) and paste it in column A of TAB 15 (regression – $ vs student choice 1). Similarly, copy the PRICE column from TAB 3 and paste it in column B of TAB 15.

Be sure to thoroughly assess the assumptions of your particular analysis, and be sure to include relevant information to support your answers.

Choose one last numeric variable from your random sample to compare with the home PRICE to determine if there is an association between that variable and the price of a home. Copy the column of your chosen numeric variable from TAB 3 (random sample of homes only) and paste in column A of TAB 16 (regression – $ vs student choice 1).

Similarly, copy the PRICE column from TAB 3 and paste in column B of TAB 16. Be sure to thoroughly assess the assumptions of your particular analysis, and be sure to include relevant information to support your answers.

Provide a brief two- to three-sentence summary in the intro, the purpose of the body paragraphs is not to relate the plot to your readers; they are assumed to be familiar with the story.

/in /by

Literary devices

NO RESEARCH is to be done in order to complete the assignment, nor should any research be included in the essay for support of the discussion. Use ONLY the the assigned writings themselves for citations from the writing you choose.

Choose ONE of the short stories assigned in the Learning Activities link and explain how one or two key literary devices (symbolism, theme, tone, setting, irony, etc.) play a part in the story’s development; this is not the same as simply identifying the appearance of those devices. In other words, it will not be enough to note that an author uses symbolism and list the examples. Instead, use those examples to show how they contribute to the story’s progression, the character’s development, the overall theme of the story, etc. Your thesis should make this connection clear. In addition, this essay will not concentrate on or address “the reader”; we cannot assume to understand the author’s intentions; therefore, we cannot make statements such as, “The author uses imagery to create interest in the reader”. Instead, we can speculate that an author might use imagery to create a certain impression about a character or to enhance a theme, for an example. Finally, this is not an opportunity for plot summary. While you may provide a brief two- to three-sentence summary in the intro, the purpose of the body paragraphs is not to relate the plot to your readers; they are assumed to be familiar with the story.

Use appropriate transitions to move from one part of the essay to the next.

Is your browser running HTTP version 1.0 or 1.1? What version of HTTP is the server running? What languages (if any) does your browser indicate that it can accept to the server? What is the IP address of your computer? Of the gaia.cs.umass.edu server? What is the status code returned from the server to your browser?

/in /by

Supplement to Computer Networking: A Top–Down

Having gotten our feet wet with the Wireshark packet sniffer in the introductory lab, we’re now ready to use Wireshark to investigate protocols in operation. In this lab, we’ll explore several aspects of the HTTP protocol: the basic GET/response interaction, HTTP message formats, retrieving large HTML files, retrieving HTML files with embedded objects, and HTTP authentication and security. Before beginning these labs, you might want to review Section 2.2 of the text.1

1. The Basic HTTP GET/response interaction
Let’s begin our exploration of HTTP by downloading a very simple HTML file – one that is very short, and contains no embedded objects. Do the following:

1. Start up your web browser.

2. Start up the Wireshark packet sniffer, as described in the Introductory lab (but don’t yet begin packet capture). Enter “http” (just the letters, not the quotation marks) in the display–filter–specification window, so that only captured HTTP messages will be displayed later in the packet–listing window. (We’re only interested in the HTTP protocol here, and don’t want to see the clutter of all captured packets).

3. Wait a bit more than one minute (we’ll see why shortly), and then begin Wireshark packet capture.

4. Enter the following to your browser http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/HTTP–wireshark–file1.html Your browser should display the very simple, one–line HTML file.

5. Stop Wireshark packet capture.
1 References to figures and sections are for the 8th edition of our text, Computer Networks, A Top–down Approach, 8h ed., J.F. Kurose and K.W. Ross, Addison–Wesley/Pearson, 2020.

Your Wireshark window should look similar to the window shown in Figure 1. If you are unable to run Wireshark on a live network connection, you can download a packet trace that was created when the steps above were followed. 2 Figure 1: Wireshark Display after http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/ HTTP– wireshark–file1.html has been retrieved by your browser The example in Figure 1 shows in the packet–listing window that two HTTP messages were captured: the GET message (from your browser to the gaia.cs.umass.edu web server) and the response message from the server to your browser. The packet–contents window shows details of the selected message (in this case the HTTP OK message, which is highlighted in the packet–listing window). Recall that since the HTTP message was carried inside a TCP segment, which was carried inside an IP datagram, which was carried within an Ethernet frame, Wireshark displays the Frame, Ethernet, IP, and TCP packet information as well. We want to minimize the amount of non–HTTP data displayed (we’re interested in HTTP here, and will be investigating these other protocols is later labs), so make sure the boxes at the far left of the Frame, Ethernet, IP and TCP information have a plus sign or a right–pointing triangle (which means there is hidden, undisplayed information), and the HTTP line has a minus sign or a down–pointing triangle (which means that all information about the HTTP message is displayed).

2 Download the zip file http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/wireshark–traces.zip and extract the file http–ethereal–trace–1. The traces in this zip file were collected by Wireshark running on one of the author’s computers, while performing the steps indicated in the Wireshark lab. Once you have downloaded the trace, you can load it into Wireshark and view the trace using the File pull down menu, choosing Open, and then selecting the http–ethereal–trace–1 trace file. The resulting display should look similar to Figure 1. (The Wireshark user interface displays just a bit differently on different operating systems, and in different versions of Wireshark).

(Note: You should ignore any HTTP GET and response for favicon.ico. If you see a reference to this file, it is your browser automatically asking the server if it (the server) has a small icon file that should be displayed next to the displayed URL in your browser. We’ll ignore references to this pesky file in this lab.).

By looking at the information in the HTTP GET and response messages, answer the following questions. When answering the following questions, you should print out the GET and response messages (see the introductory Wireshark lab for an explanation of how to do this) and indicate where in the message you’ve found the information that answers the following questions. When you hand in your assignment, annotate the output so that it’s clear where in the output you’re getting the information for your answer (e.g., for our classes, we ask that students markup paper copies with a pen, or annotate electronic copies with text in a colored font).
1. Is your browser running HTTP version 1.0 or 1.1? What version of HTTP is the server running?
2. What languages (if any) does your browser indicate that it can accept to the server?
3. What is the IP address of your computer? Of the gaia.cs.umass.edu server?
4. What is the status code returned from the server to your browser?
5. When was the HTML file that you are retrieving last modified at the server?
6. How many bytes of content are being returned to your browser?
7. By inspecting the raw data in the packet content window, do you see any headers within the data that are not displayed in the packet–listing window? If so, name one.

In your answer to question 5 above, you might have been surprised to find that the document you just retrieved was last modified within a minute before you downloaded the document. That’s because (for this particular file), the gaia.cs.umass.edu server is setting the file’s last–modified time to be the current time, and is doing so once per minute. Thus, if you wait a minute between accesses, the file will appear to have been recently modified, and hence your browser will download a “new” copy of the document.

2. The HTTP CONDITIONAL GET/response interaction
Recall from Section 2.2.5 of the text, that most web browsers perform object caching and thus perform a conditional GET when retrieving an HTTP object. Before performing the steps below, make sure your browser’s cache is empty. (To do this under Firefox, select Tools–>Clear Recent History and check the Cache box, or for Internet Explorer, select Tools–>Internet Options–>Delete File; these actions will remove cached files from your browser’s cache.) Now do the following:
• Start up your web browser, and make sure your browser’s cache is cleared, as discussed above.
• Start up the Wireshark packet sniffer
• Enter the following URL into your browser

http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/HTTP–wireshark–file2.html

Your browser should display a very simple five–line HTML file.

• Quickly enter the same URL into your browser again (or simply select the refresh button on your browser)
• Stop Wireshark packet capture, and enter “http” in the display–filter–specification window, so that only captured HTTP messages will be displayed later in the packet–listing window.

• (Note: If you are unable to run Wireshark on a live network connection, you can use the http–ethereal–trace–2 packet trace to answer the questions below; see footnote 1. This trace file was gathered while performing the steps above on one of the author’s computers.)

Answer the following questions:
8. Inspect the contents of the first HTTP GET request from your browser to the server. Do you see an “IF–MODIFIED–SINCE” line in the HTTP GET?
9. Inspect the contents of the server response. Did the server explicitly return the contents of the file? How can you tell?
10. Now inspect the contents of the second HTTP GET request from your browser to the server. Do you see an “IF–MODIFIED–SINCE:” line in the HTTP GET? If so, what information follows the “IF–MODIFIED–SINCE:” header?
11. What is the HTTP status code and phrase returned from the server in response to this second HTTP GET? Did the server explicitly return the contents of the file? Explain.

3. Retrieving Long Documents
In our examples thus far, the documents retrieved have been simple and short HTML files. Let’s next see what happens when we download a long HTML file. Do the following:
• Start up your web browser, and make sure your browser’s cache is cleared, as discussed above.
• Start up the Wireshark packet sniffer
• Enter the following URL into your browser

http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/HTTP–wireshark–file3.html

Your browser should display the rather lengthy US Bill of Rights.
• Stop Wireshark packet capture, and enter “http” in the display–filter–specification window, so that only captured HTTP messages will be displayed.

• (Note: If you are unable to run Wireshark on a live network connection, you can use the http–ethereal–trace–3 packet trace to answer the questions below; see footnote 1. This trace file was gathered while performing the steps above on one of the author’s computers.)

In the packet–listing window, you should see your HTTP GET message, followed by a multiple–packet TCP response to your HTTP GET request. This multiple–packet response deserves a bit of explanation. Recall from Section 2.2 (see Figure 2.9 in the text) that the HTTP response message consists of a status line, followed by header lines, followed by a blank line, followed by the entity body. In the case of our HTTP GET, the entity body in the response is the entire requested HTML file. In our case here, the HTML file is rather long, and at 4500 bytes is too large to fit in one TCP packet. The single HTTP response message is thus broken into several pieces by TCP, with each piece being contained within a separate TCP segment (see Figure 1.24 in the text). In recent versions of Wireshark, Wireshark indicates each TCP segment as a separate packet, and the fact that the single HTTP response was fragmented across multiple TCP packets is indicated by the “TCP segment of a reassembled PDU” in the Info column of the Wireshark display. Earlier versions of Wireshark used the “Continuation” phrase to indicated that the entire content of an HTTP message was broken across multiple TCP segments.. We stress here that there is no “Continuation” message in HTTP!

Answer the following questions:
12. How many HTTP GET request messages did your browser send? Which packet number in the trace contains the GET message for the Bill or Rights?
13. Which packet number in the trace contains the status code and phrase associated with the response to the HTTP GET request?
14. What is the status code and phrase in the response?
15. How many data–containing TCP segments were needed to carry the single HTTP response and the text of the Bill of Rights?

4. HTML Documents with Embedded Objects
Now that we’ve seen how Wireshark displays the captured packet traffic for large HTML files, we can look at what happens when your browser downloads a file with embedded objects, i.e., a file that includes other objects (in the example below, image files) that are stored on another server(s).

Do the following:
• Start up your web browser, and make sure your browser’s cache is cleared, as discussed above.
• Start up the Wireshark packet sniffer
• Enter the following URL into your browser

http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/HTTP–wireshark–file4.html

Your browser should display a short HTML file with two images. These two images are referenced in the base HTML file. That is, the images themselves are not contained in the HTML; instead the URLs for the images are contained in the downloaded HTML file. As discussed in the textbook, your browser will have to retrieve these logos from the indicated web sites. Our publisher’s logo is retrieved from the gaia.cs.umass.edu web site. The image of the cover for our 5 th edition (one of our favorite covers) is stored at the caite.cs.umass.edu server. (These are two different web servers inside cs.umass.edu).

• Stop Wireshark packet capture, and enter “http” in the display–filter–specification window, so that only captured HTTP messages will be displayed.

In general, how long does it take a packet of length L to be delivered from the sending host to the receiving host over a link of distance d, propagating speed s, and transmission rate R bps?

/in /by

Assignment#1

MMIS 653 (Fall 2022)
Total points: 80
Due date: 9/11/22 11:59PM

Questions: (50 points)

1, (6 points) Suppose there are exactly two packet switches (switch#1 and switch#2) between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission rate between the sending host and switch#1 is R1, 200Mbps. The transmissions rate between switch#1 and switch#2 and between switch#2 and the receiving host are R2, 400Mbps and R3, 500Mbps, respectively. Assuming that the switches use store–and–forward packet switching, what is the total end–to–end delay to send a packet of length L, 1000 bytes?
(Ignore queuing, propagation delay, and processing delay.)

2, (8 points)
(a) In general, how long does it take a packet of length L to be delivered from the sending host to the receiving host over a link of distance d, propagating speed s, and transmission rate R bps (consider both transmission delay and propagation delay)?
(b) How many milliseconds (ms) does it take for a packet of length 1,000 bytes to be delivered from the sending host to the receiving host over a link of distance 2,000 km, propagation speed 2.5x108 m/s, and transmission rate 50Mbps (consider both transmission delay and propagation delay)?
(c) How many milliseconds does it take for the first bit of the packet to arrive at the receiving host (start to count the time when the sending host starts to transmit the first bit of the packet)?
(d) How many milliseconds does it take for the whole packet to be put on the link (start to count the time when the sending host starts to transmit the first bit of the packet)?

3, (6 points) Suppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host B. The path from Host A to Host B has three links, of rate R1=100Mbps, R2=500Mbps, and R3=200Mbps.
(a) Assume no other traffic in the network, what is the throughput for the file transfer?
(b) Suppose the file is 500MB (Assume 1MB= 106 bytes). Dividing the file size by the throughput, roughly how long will it take to transfer the file to Host B?

4, (4 points) What information is used by a process running on one host to identify a process running on another remote host? For a communication between a pair of processes, which process is the client and which is the server?

5, (8 points) True or false? Why?
a, A user requests a Web page that consists of some text and two images. For this page, the client will send one request message and receive one response message.
b, Two distinct Web pages (for example, www.nova.edu/resources/current_students.html and www.nova.edu/resources/faculty_staff.html ) can be sent over the same persistent connection.
c, With persistent connections between browser and origin server, it is possible for a single TCP segment to carry two distinct HTTP request messages.
d, The Date: header in the HTTP response message indicates the time and date when the HTTP response was last modified.

6, (8 points) What is an application–layer message? A transport–layer segment? A network–layer datagram? A link–layer frame?

7, (2 points) Consider a TCP connection between Host A and Host B. Suppose that the TCP segments traveling from Host A to Host B have source port number 10408 and destination port number 80. What are the source and destination port numbers for segments traveling from Host B to Host A on the same TCP connection?

8, (4 points) Suppose a process in Host C has a UDP socket with port number 8880, Suppose Host A and Host B each sends a UDP segment to Host C with destination port number 8880. Will both of these two segments be directed to the same socket at Host C? If so, how will the process at Host C know that these two segments originated from two different hosts?

9, (4 points) Suppose that a Web server runs in Host C on port 80. Suppose this Web server uses persistent connections, and is currently receiving requests from two different Hosts, A and B. Are all of the HTTP requests from Host A and B being sent through the same socket at Host C? If they are being passing through different sockets, do both of the sockets have port 80? Discuss and explain.

Wireshark Lab: HTTP (30 points)
Wireshark Lab – HTTP: Answer question 1–15 in this lab. (Listed in another file named
“Wireshark_HTTP_v8.0.pdf”). (2 points each)
For the Wireshark Lab questions, you should show me where you obtained your answers.

The following paragraph is taken from the Lab assignment:

“By looking at the information in the HTTP GET and response messages, answer the following questions. When answering the following questions, you should print out the GET and response messages (see the introductory Wireshark lab for an explanation of how to do this) and indicate where in the message you’ve found the information that answers the following questions. When you hand in your assignment, annotate the output so that it’s clear where in the output you’re getting the information for your answer (e.g., for our classes, we ask that students markup paper copies with a pen, or annotate electronic copies with text in a colored font).”

How many milliseconds (ms) does it take for a packet of length 1,000 bytes to be delivered from the sending host to the receiving host over a link of distance 2,000 km, propagation speed 2.5×108 m/s, and transmission rate 50Mbps?

/in /by

Wireshark Lab:

Questions: (50 points)

1, (6 points) Suppose there are exactly two packet switches (switch#1 and switch#2) between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission rate between the sending host and switch#1 is R1, 200Mbps. The transmissions rate between switch#1 and switch#2 and between switch#2 and the receiving host are R2, 400Mbps and R3, 500Mbps, respectively. Assuming that the switches use store–and–forward packet switching, what is the total end–to–end delay to send a packet of length L, 1000 bytes?

(Ignore queuing, propagation delay, and processing delay.)

2, (8 points)
(a) In general, how long does it take a packet of length L to be delivered from the sending host to the receiving host over a link of distance d, propagating speed s, and transmission rate R bps (consider both transmission delay and propagation delay)?

(b) How many milliseconds (ms) does it take for a packet of length 1,000 bytes to be delivered from the sending host to the receiving host over a link of distance 2,000 km, propagation speed 2.5x108 m/s, and transmission rate 50Mbps (consider both transmission delay and propagation delay)?

(c) How many milliseconds does it take for the first bit of the packet to arrive at the receiving host (start to count the time when the sending host starts to transmit the first bit of the packet)?

(d) How many milliseconds does it take for the whole packet to be put on the link (start to count the time when the sending host starts to transmit the first bit of the packet)?

 

3, (6 points) Suppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host B. The path from Host A to Host B has three links, of rate R1=100Mbps, R2=500Mbps, and R3=200Mbps.
(a) Assume no other traffic in the network, what is the throughput for the file transfer?
(b) Suppose the file is 500MB (Assume 1MB= 106 bytes). Dividing the file size by the throughput, roughly how long will it take to transfer the file to Host B?

4, (4 points) What information is used by a process running on one host to identify a process running on another remote host? For a communication between a pair of processes, which process is the client and which is the server?

5, (8 points) True or false? Why?
a, A user requests a Web page that consists of some text and two images. For this page, the client will send one request message and receive one response message.
b, Two distinct Web pages (for example, www.nova.edu/resources/current_students.html and www.nova.edu/resources/faculty_staff.html ) can be sent over the same persistent connection.
c, With persistent connections between browser and origin server, it is possible for a single TCP segment to carry two distinct HTTP request messages.
d, The Date: header in the HTTP response message indicates the time and date when the HTTP response was last modified.

6, (8 points) What is an application–layer message? A transport–layer segment? A network–layer datagram? A link–layer frame?

7, (2 points) Consider a TCP connection between Host A and Host B. Suppose that the
TCP segments traveling from Host A to Host B have source port number 10408 and
destination port number 80. What are the source and destination port numbers for
segments traveling from Host B to Host A on the same TCP connection?

8, (4 points) Suppose a process in Host C has a UDP socket with port number 8880, Suppose Host A and Host B each sends a UDP segment to Host C with destination port number 8880. Will both of these two segments be directed to the same socket at Host C? If so, how will the process at Host C know that these two segments originated from two different hosts?

9, (4 points) Suppose that a Web server runs in Host C on port 80. Suppose this Web server uses persistent connections, and is currently receiving requests from two different Hosts, A and B. Are all of the HTTP requests from Host A and B being sent through the same socket at Host C? If they are being passing through different sockets, do both of the sockets have port 80? Discuss and explain.

Wireshark Lab: HTTP (30 points)
Wireshark Lab – HTTP: Answer question 1–15 in this lab. (Listed in another file named “Wireshark_HTTP_v8.0.pdf”). (2 points each)
For the Wireshark Lab questions, you should show me where you obtained your answers.

The following paragraph is taken from the Lab assignment:

“By looking at the information in the HTTP GET and response messages, answer the following questions. When answering the following questions, you should print out the GET and response messages (see the introductory Wireshark lab for an explanation of how to do this) and indicate where in the message you’ve found the information that answers the following questions. When you hand in your assignment, annotate the output so that it’s clear where in the output you’re getting the information for your answer (e.g., for our classes, we ask that students markup paper copies with a pen, or annotate electronic copies with text in a colored font).”

What concerns do you have about taking an online, asynchronous class? What strategies will you employ to complete this class successfully?

/in /by

Statistics

FNET: Start of Semester Reflection

This assignment is due by 11 pm on September 8, 2022.

For the start-of-the-semester reflection, reflect on why you are taking this class, how you plan to complete it successfully, and what concerns you have. Topics to think about include:

  • How you feel about taking a statistics class?
  • Your behavior as a student in general and in online classes in particular.
  • What concerns do you have about taking an online, asynchronous class?
  • What strategies will you employ to complete this class successfully?
  • How will this statistics class help you complete your education goals?
  • How will this statistics class help you complete your career goals?
  • How this statistics class can help become a better member of society?

What information do you have and what information might you still need to solve this problem? What steps would you take to solve this problem? What formulas will you use? Explain how you would calculate the result. You can infer and add any additional details you feel you might need to create the calculation.

/in /by

Solving Real World Problems

Every day we are in situations where we need to apply math skills to solve problems. Being proficient with arithmetic and algebra can help you make decisions that could help you save money, maximize your time, and live a more productive life. For this assignment, we will assess your ability to use basic arithmetic and algebra to solve real-world quantitative problems.

Note: This assignment does not require research, but if you choose to use information from a source, be sure to cite it. To help make sure you are properly citing your sources, please review the Strayer Writing Standards. When you have answered all parts of the assignment, save the template with your completed responses as a Word document titled: Your Name_ MAT110_Week_7_Assignment and submit it in Blackboard in Week 7.

Question 1

Instructions

The real-life scenarios below represent the importance of using basic arithmetic and algebra to solve real-world quantitative problems. Choose two (2) of the given scenarios from the list (do not create your own). Complete each section below to apply your knowledge of this topic to each of your chosen scenarios.  For full credit you must have a complete response for all 4 questions below, per scenario. You may need to assume or infer additional information to complete the questions. For example, if you choose the gym scenario, you need to assume how many times you will visit the gym to calculate and compare.
 

Scenarios (choose two)

A.      Saving money at the grocery store by using unit pricing.

a.       Toilet paper A is 6 mega rolls for $4.59.

b.      Toilet paper B is 12 mega rolls for $9.02.

B.      Choosing a gym membership that fits my budget and lifestyle.

a.       Gym A has a monthly payment of $50.

b.      Gym B has a cost of $10 per visit.

C.      Choosing the best bank for a new savings account.

a.       Bank A charges a $35 fee if your balance drops below the monthly minimum of $500, but does not charge transaction fees.

b.      Bank B has no minimum monthly balance requirement, but only allows two transactions each month and charges $3.50 for each transaction over two.

D.      Determining the best job to take based on the pay. when considering a new job.

a.       Job A is 40 hours per week and pays $15 per hour (gross pay) with no tips.

b.      Job B is 30 hours per week and pays $5 per hour (gross pay) plus tips (which average $350 per week).

E.       Determining which vehicle to purchase based on monthly payment.

a.       Vehicle A has a final sale price of $25,000 at 5% interest and offers financing up to 60 months.

b.      Vehicle B has a final sale price of $29,000 at 4% interest and offers financing up to 72 months.
  A.      Scenario Choice 1: (enter your chosen scenario here)

Answer the questions below to explain how you would apply arithmetic or algebra to solve this problem. You can assume/infer anything you need to apply the scenario to your life (for example: how many times you would go to the gym each week if you chose that scenario).  Enter your answer below each prompt:

1)      What information do you have and what information might you still need to solve this problem?

  
  Type your response here:  
  2)      What steps would you take to solve this problem? What formulas will you use? (if applicable)  
  Type your response here:  
  3)       Explain how you would calculate the result. You can infer and add any additional details you feel you might need to create the calculation.  
  Type your response here:  
  4)      Explain your result in the context of your original situation/problem. (e.g., based on my calculations, I would choose B over A because…).  
  Type your response here:  
  B.      Scenario Choice 2: (enter your chosen scenario here)

Answer the questions below to explain how you would apply arithmetic or algebra to solve this problem. You can assume/infer anything you need to apply the scenario to your life (for example: how many times you’d go to the gym each week if you chose that scenario).  Enter your answer below each prompt:

1)      What information do you have and what information might you still need to solve this problem?

  
  Type your response here:  
  2)      What steps would you take to solve this problem? What formulas will you use? (if applicable)  
  Type your response here:  
  3)       Explain how you would calculate the result. You can infer and add any additional details you feel you might need to create the calculation.  
  Type your response here:  
  4)       Explain your result in the context of your original situation/problem. (e.g., based on my calculations, I would choose B over A because…).  
  Type your response here:  

When you have answered all parts of the assignment, save the template with your completed responses as a Word document titled: Your Name_ MAT110_Week_7_Assignment.  Make note of the folder you save your file in and submit it in Blackboard in Week 7.