Using a critical incident approach critically appraise applicable infection prevention and control protocols, taking account of contemporary issues and debates in this field.

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Infection Prevention Control

Using a critical incident approach critically appraise applicable infection prevention and control protocols, taking account of contemporary issues and debates in this field.

Your essay should be structured in a formal academic manner with an Introduction, Main Body discussion and Conclusions, followed by a Reference List and (if necessary) Appendices. The Reference List and any Appendices are excluded from the word count.

Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released. Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state.

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Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric Emergencies

2–3 pages, address the following:

Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released.

Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state.

Explain the difference between capacity and competency in mental health contexts.

Select one of the following topics, and explain one legal issue and one ethical issue related to this topic that may apply within the context of treating psychiatric emergencies: patient autonomy, EMTALA, confidentiality, HIPAA privacy rule, HIPAA security rule, protected information, legal gun ownership, career obstacles (security clearances/background checks), and payer source.

Identify one evidence-based suicide risk assessment that you could use to screen patients.

Identify one evidence-based violence risk assessment that you could use to screen patients.

Who would be the ideal candidate(s) from whom to elicit information during the requirements gathering and analysis phase of the database project? Explain why.

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2DQ1-2-650

DQ1

Who would be the ideal candidate(s) from whom to elicit information during the requirements gathering and analysis phase of the database project? Explain why.

DQ2

Typically, a patient staying in a hospital receives medications that have been ordered by a particular doctor. Because the patient often receives several medications per day, there is a 1:M relationship between patient and order. Similarly, each order can include several medications, creating a 1:M relationship between order and medication.

Identify different entities from this scenario.

Create an entity-relationship diagram illustrating 1:1 and 1: many relationships.

Compare your ERD with another classmate’s and discuss the differences each of you had.

Draw a Venn diagram indicating how the care plans for the clients will compare and contrast.

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Written Assignment

A nurse is caring for two clients. Draw a Venn diagram indicating how the care plans for the clients will compare and contrast.

•A pregnant woman is in immense pain and is expecting a baby within the next couple of days. She has been given proper medication; however, she did not have adequate sleep the previous night.

•The second client was in a car accident and has been operated on for broken bones in the hands and legs. The bones are healed now and the plaster casts are removed. The hand and leg muscles have become stiff and the client cannot move them. In addition, the client cannot walk and needs a wheelchair.

Demonstrate how you would test out a small scale service improvement applying appropriate theoretical and service models of change such as the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycles.

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Introducing a tool that improves communication between health care professionals, eg SBAR

The summative assessment for this module is a 4000 word essay based on a potential clinical service improvement initiative. No student should be introducing an actual service improvement in their clinical area.

The main focus of this assignment is the service improvement process which will help students to  become aware of the processes involved with improving practice and the relevant evidence that informs this process. The service improvement should be focused on improving the patient’s experience of care and must be managed in accordance with current improvement methodology. Students would be expected to explain the rationale for the required improvement and describe the evidence base underpinning this change.

Students would be expected to demonstrate how they would test out a small scale service improvement applying appropriate theoretical and service models of change such as the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycles.

 

Topic

  • Introducing a tool that improves communication between health care professionals, e.g. SBAR

Model frameworks for quality improvements

  • 1000 lives Quality Improvement Guide for educators and students.
  • http://www.1000livesplus.wales.nhs.uk/home
  • Model for Improvement Langley et al (1996, p28)
  • Institute Health Care Improvement ( ICI) Open School

Introduction

  • The Introduction must state clearly, the purpose and intentions of the essay
  • The introduction should contain definitions of any key terms used within the main body of the assignment and state the proposed service improvement to be discussed.
  • This is a theoretical service improvement so there should be no need for a statement of confidentiality.

Main body.

  • This should briefly set out the background to the proposed service improvement, providing the evidence base to support this change (no more than 250 words).
  • The student is expected to provide references to appropriate sources of literature including relevant published research, health policy documents, national guidelines and frameworks for practice.
  • The proposed framework methodology should be briefly introduced with a rationale. The framework can provide the structure of the remainder of the essay. For example the PDSA cycle.
  • Plan: what to do including how you propose to:
  • Identify stakeholders
  • Gain management permission and support
  • Educate stakeholders
  • Leadership styles
  • Ethical considerations
  • Manage resistance
  • Identify logistics/resources
  • Do: how you propose to manage the process and collect data?
  • Study: how do you propose to study the data, e.g. audit? What will you do following this stage?
  • Act: How will the change be evaluated: do we keep the change or adapt the change or abandon it? What else can be done?
  • use this structure to demonstrate how the proposed improvement to practice will be carried out. Evidence of critical appraisal of the methods to be used and the potential outcomes of the planned improvement project are expected.

Conclusion

  • This section should summarise the assignment as a whole.
  • It should indicate the main issues addressed, highlighting pertinent issues arising from the critical appraisal of the evidence base to support the change, the chosen improvement methodology and the application of this model to the change project discussed.

Provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of your studies that you are including in the literature review. Use the Moule (2018) tool to critically appraise your studies.

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Literature Review

1. You need to briefly set the scene by identifying the area of practice you are exploring. This will flow from the argument you have presented in your background/rationale section above. You will need to articulate a clear research question for your literature review.

2. You need to explain how you have searched and retrieved published evidence. You will document your search strategy ,e.g. using BNI,EBSCO,PROQUEST,MEDLINE(including search terms, Boolean operators and databases), your inclusion and exclusion criteria, and how you have arrived at the 8-10 studies you have selected to review.

3. You will provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of your 8-10 studies that you are including in the literature review. You will use the Moule (2018) tool to critically appraise your studies. Your critical appraisal must include consideration of ethical principles and best practice. It is important that you apply your writing about ethics to the studies you have reviewed. Your synthesis of the literature will identify relevant themes or issues that cut across the studies you have reviewed. This third section should contain up to 3,000 words

 

What adjustments or changes to nursing practice should be undertaken as informed by the research you have critically assessed? Are there any cautions to applying the knowledge to the various age-groups — does it apply to all or only to specific groups? Are there any caveats to applying the knowledge because of the quality of the evidence?

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A critical assessment of the quality of research study into…

Once you have outlined the intentions of your essay and introduced the reader to the topic area and the research study you should start to critically examine the research study you have selected, using the tool you have chosen.

• Use your appraisal tool checklist to help you evaluate the quality of the study: For example, if the study uses a quantitative method, how was the sample of participants selected? Did this impact on the representativeness of the participants? How were participants blinded and allocated to the experimental and control groups? Etc.

• Apply the checklist to the whole research study and discuss the quality of the study/research in relation to this.

• Make sure you also present the results of the study and what this means for how nursing care should be delivered to the relevant client groups across the life-span.

• The essay is 2500 words, your analysis must be concise. • Use supporting evidence to defend your critique — this will add weight to your argument. CONCLUSION All essays, should have a beginning, a middle, and an end. Your conclusion should provide the reader with a brief summary and key points to consider. No ‘new’ information should be introduced during this section

. • What have you learned from the study and how does it apply to your nursing practice in the light of the quality of the research?

• Questions to consider may include:

• what adjustments or changes to nursing practice should be undertaken as informed by the research you have critically assessed?

• Are there any cautions to applying the knowledge to the various age-groups — does it apply to all or only to specific groups?

• Are there any caveats to applying the knowledge because of the quality of the evidence?

APPENDICES (optional)

An appendix isn’t compulsory, but it can assist the reader by providing supplementary information which supports your work. This needs to be made explicit in the text (‘see appendix 1’ etc). The appendices do NOT contribute to your word count, but you can make reference to the content of your appendices in the main body of your work. The appendices must be relevant and meaningful. Examples of things which can be included in the appendix are: • The completed CASP template or that of any other tool you choose to use • A summary of the results of studies (particularly if quantitative) using tables/diagrams. If tables are used they must be clearly and appropriately labelled, and cross-referenced accurately in the text

Explain the problem and the reason(s) a database is needed. Provide a conceptual data model for the planned database. Name all the entities planned for the database and justify their selection. Provide a recap of the paper and discuss insights on databases developed as a result of working on this assignment. Support all decisions from the scholarly literature.

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Course Project Data Base Plan

This 2-to-4 page paper presents a database plan for a nursing or healthcare problem dealt with in the past or active in the present. Explain the problem and the reason(s) a database is needed. Provide a conceptual data model for the planned database. Name all the entities planned for the database and justify their selection. In an appendix, provide an E-R diagram that shows each entity, names the identifier for each entity, and illustrates the relationships between each entity, noting the cardinality. In the paper, write a narrative explanation of key parts of the E-R diagram, including how you arrived at some of the decisions on relationships and cardinality. Include three questions planned for this database (the original questions from the discussion in week 1 may be used). Provide a recap of the paper and discuss insights on databases developed as a result of working on this assignment. Support all decisions from the scholarly literature.

Write a reflexive essay addressing an area of practice linked to a recent required changed in patient care delivery, to include underpinning theoretical principles.

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How Covid-19 Pandemic has impacted the NHS care in England .

Write a reflexive essay addressing an area of practice linked to a recent required changed in patient care delivery, to include underpinning theoretical principles.

Utilizes critical thinking skills in clinical decision making in the care of pediatric clients. Provides individualized comprehensive care for children and their families with multiple health problems in institutions and community care settings from birth through adolescence.

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Ethical Dilemma

Purpose
For this assignment, you will examine an ethical dilemma that exists in pediatric settings. You will examine the ethical dilemma from two opposing positions and consider ethical principles, conflict between the principles and the relationship of the ANA Code of Ethic’s provisions in relation to both positions. You will also discuss potential resources, possible outcomes of both positions and develop a plan for resolving the issue (for patient, family and the nurse). You will submit an individual paper grounded in scholarly sources with a reflection on your values. Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:

1. Provides individualized comprehensive care for children and their families with multiple health problems in institutions and community care settings from birth through adolescence. (PO 1)

4. Utilizes critical thinking skills in clinical decision making in the care of pediatric clients. (PO 4)

6. Utilizes legal, ethical, and professional standards and principles, including those related to child abuse recognition and intervention, as a basis for pediatric clinical decision‐making. (PO 6)

8. Utilize research findings as a basis for nursing interventions in pediatric healthcare settings and the development of professional nursing papers. (PO 8)

Preparing the assignment
Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions.

1) An ethical dilemma with opposing positions will be assigned by your instructor.

2) Although you may not agree with one of the positions, reflect on your views, respect other perspectives, and examine scholarly literature on both positions.

3) When faced with ethical dilemmas, nurses often find conflict or differences in values. It is important for nurses to explore their own values in order to respect other’s values and differences. A section for self‐reflection is included in this assignment as the last page of the paper and it will not be graded for APA style.

4) Write a 3‐5 page paper (not including the title page, reference page, and the reflection) using APA format.

5) Use this link to take you directly to the ANA website to access the Code of Ethics. When prompted, choose “No I do not wish to register at this time. Take me to the Code now.” https://www.nursingworld.org/practice‐policy/nursing‐excellence/ethics/code‐of‐ethics‐for‐nurses/

6) For APA, formatting, or grammar assistance visit the APA Citation and Writing page in the online library.

7) Include the following sections (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric):

a. Introduction ‐10 points/10%
• Description of the dilemma is clear.
• Statistical significance to Pediatric nursing is included.
• Pro and con positions of the dilemma are presented.
• A brief fictional case is used to illustrate the dilemma.

b. Ethical Principles ‐20 points/20%
• Brief description of ethical principles (may cite textbook).
• Applicable ethical principle(s) to support the pro position are used.
• Applicable ethical principle(s) to support the con position are used.
• Discussion of which, if any, ethical principles are in conflict with the opposing positions.
• Discussion supported by scholarly sources.