Searching for a new hire and interviewing potential candidates. When is the candidate good enough? What’s the stopping criteria?

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HW# The Hiring Problem Mathematically

The problem. Searching for a new hire and interviewing potential candidates. When is the candidate good enough? What’s the stopping criteria?

Formalize an abstract problem. Let us consider each candidate as an integer, the integer representing a ranking criterion. For example: nine candidates whose rank = {1,3,7,5,8,3,1,9,4}.
This problem would be trivial, just pick the element with maximum value, if it weren’t for two properties.
There is no look-ahead. When I’m selecting any one candidate, you are unable to look forward into the future and consider who you will select in the future. No crystal ball.
There is no undo. If you select a candidate and after a while decide to fire them in a misguided attempt to find someone better, there’s a good chance this person will be unavailable in the future gone working for a competitor.
We can think of it visually as a machine which is fed a tape of integers. It has two actions:
it can either stop; or
it can consider the next integer.

The machine’s objective is to stop on the highest integer.
Real world problem. At the heart of the hiring problem is conflict. Do I reject the current possibility in hopes of landing something better if I keep looking, or do I stick with what I have? Can be applied to almost anything a selection choice decision is required. Take it or leave it?
Solving the hiring problem analytically.
Random selection. Choose the 7th element in the list. No reason just 7th element in the list.
The probability, then, of picking the best element from an integer sequence of length N with this random pick rule is (1 divided by N).
To improve on this random selection strategy, search for a while, gain some insight, determine your options, and then choose the next best element that presents itself. In terms of the hiring problem, such a strategy would be to scan through the first r integers and then choose the first option that is greater than any of the integers in [1,r].

How does this new strategy compare to random selection? The above image is a prop to help understand the discussion that follows. Assume that i, is the greatest integer, occurs at n+1.

In order for this strategy to return the maximum integer, two conditions must hold:
1. The maximum integer cannot be contained in [1,r]. Our strategy is to scan through [1,r], so if the solution is in [1,r], we necessarily lose. This can also be stated as n≥r.
2. Our strategy is going to select the first integer, i, in [r,N] that’s greater than max([1,r]) Given this, there cannot be any integers greater than i that come after i, otherwise the strategy will lose. Alternatively put, the condition max([1,r])==max([1,n]) must be true.

Thus, to calculate the effectiveness of our strategy, we need to know the probability that both of these will hold. For some given n, this is: (r divided by n) multiplied by (1 divided by N). (1 divided by N) is the probability that i occurs at n+1 (remember, this is the probability for some n, not the n), while (r divided by n) is a consequence of the second condition, the probability that the condition max([1,r])==max([1,n]) is true.

To calculate the probability for some r, P®, not for arbitrary n, but for everything, we need to sum over n≥r:

This is a Riemann1 approximation of an integral so we can rewrite it. By letting
Now, we can find the optimal r by solving for P′®=0.
By plugging roptimal back into P® we will find the probability of success.
What The Math Says
Well, the optimal solution is for us to estimate how many people we believe we might reasonably interview in the future, say 20. We plug this into the equation (N divided by e), where N=20, (20 divided by e) ≈7.
This result says that, if we want to maximize our probability of ending up with the best possible candite, we should interview 7 candidates and then, choose the next candidate who is better than all of those candidates.
1 Gary L. Miller. Riemann’s hypothesis and tests for primality. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 13(3):300–317, 1976.

However, the typical hiring problem maximizes the chances of landing the best candidate and considers all other outcomes equally bad. Most on the choosers are not thinking this way, they want to maximize the probability that they end up with a pretty good candidate. It is not all or nothing.

Maximizing the Probability of a Good Outcome
Fear not, there’s a modification of the hiring problem that maximizes the probability of finding a high-value candidate. Suffice it to say, the strategy is the same except we use a cutoff of √N rather than (N divided by e).

What Sort of Optimal?
At the end of the day, the secretary problem is a mathematical abstraction and fails to take into account much of complexity of, you know, reality.
The solution to the secretary problem suggests that the optimal hiring strategy is to estimate the maximum number of people you are willing to interview, N, and then interview √N people and hire the next person who is better than all of those. In laboratory experiments, people often stop searching too soon when solving searching problems. This suggests that the average person doesn’t search enough candidates prior to choosing.
At the end of the day, the hiring problem is a mathematical abstraction and there is more to finding the “right” candidate than interviewing a certain number of people.

Question: Existing assistant ranks 4. Quantity of thirty candidate elements each with a low- high ranking criterion 0-9. A Reject/Accept decision is to be made after the interview and cannot go back to a rejected candidate. Each scenario below, explain your method and who would you hire?

Scenario #1 Candidate Elements
3 8 3 9 2 3 8 5 1 4 2 7 9 2 4 4 9 7 1 0 1 7 4 2 1 8 1 9 5 1

Scenario #2 Candidate Elements
3 8 3 9 2 3 8 5 1 4 2 6 8 2 4 3 8 6 1 0 1 6 4 2 1 7 1 8 5 1

Describe the place and the atmosphere. Report on activities that could take place there. Argue why the chosen place would challenge and create special spooky experiences and should therefore be included in the catalog.

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Write a text about your chosen spooky place

Describe the place and the atmosphere.
Report on activities that could take place there.
Argue why the chosen place would challenge and create special spooky experiences and should therefore be included in the catalog.
Illustrate the text with pictures.

Observe and evaluate the students’ ability to use the phrases they learned in the practice and review portions of the lesson.

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ESL Question

Create a ESL Beginner class for Spanish speaking adults. Must be a PowerPoint that can be opened and edited in google slides. Must have a good design.

Here is an example of a framework you can use if you choose:Topic:

Greetings and Introductions

Level: Beginner

Objectives:

  • To learn common phrases for greeting and introducing oneself and others in English
  • To practice using these phrases in a variety of social situations

Materials Needed:

  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Handouts with example phrases and dialogues
  • Flashcards with pictures of people for practice

Procedure:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
  • Greet the students and introduce yourself.
  • Ask the students to introduce themselves to the class, stating their name and where they are from.
  • Explain that the focus of the lesson is on greetings and introductions in English.
  1. Presentation (15 minutes)
  • Present common phrases for greetings and introductions on the board or through a handout.
  • Go over the pronunciation and meaning of each phrase.
  • Demonstrate each phrase and have the students repeat after you.
  • Use flashcards with pictures of people to practice introducing others.
  1. Practice (20 minutes)
  • Divide the class into pairs or small groups.
  • Assign a specific social situation, such as meeting someone for the first time, greeting a friend, or introducing oneself in a job interview.
  • Have the students practice using the phrases they learned in each situation.
  • Walk around the room and provide feedback and assistance where needed.
  1. Review (10 minutes)
  • Call on a few students to practice greeting and introducing themselves or others in front of the class.
  • Provide corrective feedback and praise where appropriate.
  1. Wrap-up (5 minutes)
  • Summarize the key phrases and concepts covered in the lesson.
  • Encourage the students to continue practicing their English outside of class.

Assessment:

  • Observe and evaluate the students’ ability to use the phrases they learned in the practice and review portions of the lesson.

Identify the formal and informal norms held within that group. Discuss how you learned those norms. Who/what were the agents of socialization?

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DOING SOCIOLOGY PAPER 1

Essay Prompt
Choose a group you are a part of (cultural group, gender, athletic team, workplace, family, education, etc.) and explore the norms, sanctions, and socialization process of that group.

In your paper you should:
• Identify the formal and informal norms held within that group.
• Discuss how you learned those norms. Who/what were the agents of socialization?
• How are those norms enforced through sanctions and/or rewards? What types of sanctions are they (formal, informal, positive, negative)?
• Choose one of the major theoretical perspectives in Sociology. Explain those norms/sanctions or the socialization process of those norms from that perspective.

Make sure you engage with course materials. Citing outside sources is not required. If you would like to cite outside sources, please use valid and reliable sources such as academic articles, articles from established news organizations, etc. Please do not cite Google or dictionaries.

Choose between the two projects below. What is the EMV for each? Looking at your own personal Risk Utility Function, which project would you select and why?

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Problem Set #2: Decision Tree

This problem set covers material for Week 7, Risk Analysis. Decision Tree Analysis is an important aspect of Risk Management. It is mentioned, but not treated extensively in the text.


INSTRUCTIONS:

  • Review attached instructor video & slides for reference
  • Only problem #1 is required (#2 is optional)
  • Please show your work (and not just the answers) to get full credit.
  • Will review in week 7 class session.

Prob. 1. You must choose between the two projects below. What is the EMV for each? Looking at your own personal Risk Utility Function, which project would you select and why?Project 1 has a 70% chance of earning $500,000, and a 30% chance of losing $100,000. Project 2 has a 20% chance of earning $2 million, a 20% chance of earning $1 million, and a 60 percent chance of losing $500,000.

Prob. 2. You have $1,000,000 worth of equipment at the job site and wish to minimize your risk of direct property damage by taking out an insurance policy. The insurance company provides you with their statistical data as shown below.If the insurance company uses expected monetary value to calculate premiums, then how much would you expect the premium to be, assuming the insurance company adds on $300 for handling and profit? (Hint: Remember that translating a probability of 0.02% to a decimal equivalent equals 0.0002.)

Type of Damage Probability (%) Amount of Damage (Loss) ($)
Total 0.02 100
Medium 0.08 40
Low 0.10 20
No Damage 99.8 0

Describe what you believed the authors) main argument is. What does this article suggest about the necessities and goals of mathematics education? How can you connect your observations within your fieldwork placements to the teaching strategies shared in the article and/or reading.

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Blackboard Post

Read the article thoughtfully. Annotate and indicate elements that are new information for you in regards to the content of the article. Respond meaningfully to the article and/or course reading by sharing your initial thoughts, ideas, and understandings. Describe what you believed the authors) main argument is. What does this article suggest about the necessities and goals of mathematics education? How can you connect your observations within your fieldwork placements to the teaching strategies shared in the article and/or reading. Use APA 7 format in-text citations to support the evidence within the article that you are using to undergird your response.

Those are the chapters in order to do the assignment:

  • Zager – Chapter 2: What Do Mathematicians Do?
  • Content Reading: VDW Chapter 3: Teaching Through Problem Solving & Chapter 4: Planning in the Problem-Based Classroom

 

craft an infographic based on Motivation and applied to your organization (or one that you are familiar with). Specifically choose a theory, concept, or framework of Motivation.

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7.2 Infographic 2

For this assignment, you are tasked with crafting an Infographic.

Infographics are visual communication tools that use pictures, minimal textboxes, sometimes hyperlinks, space, and color to effectively and efficiently spread a message. Infographics are tailored to the experience, crafted for a specific reason, and are used to reach multiple audiences.

You will craft an infographic based on Motivation and applied to your organization (or one that you are familiar with).

Specifically choose a theory, concept, or framework of Motivation.

Put time, effort, and your creative mind into developing an infographic that effectively communicates one of the theories of Motivation that has been discussed in this module.

For example, you may want to highlight current research on motivation as an informational infographic or provide an equity model infographic applied to a specific situation or depict the basic goal-setting model.

You may choose any concept of Motivation that we have reviewed in this module.

You can create your infographic through any platform, but here are a few suggestions: Piktochart, PPT, Publisher. Make sure that you can save your infographic as an image.

 

Provide three (3)key takeaways from this week’s readings. Provide three (3) different things you learned from the readings this week that you did not know before.

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8.4 Vlog: Key Takeaways from the Module Readings

  • Three (3)key takeaways from this week’s readings.
  • Three (3) different things you learned from the readings this week that you did not know before.

These are the readings

 

Identify three challenges when it comes to traditional performance appraisals or employee evaluations from a manager’s perspective. How would those challenges be different when evaluating employees who work remotely?

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8.3 – Module 8 Discussion

The way we work, where we work, the environment we work in, and how we communicate with coworkers have changed dramatically over the past few years. Work that was traditionally performed in a building surrounded by co-workers is now being performed remotely or in our house. Technology has been a big part of this change and has allowed us to communicate with others across the globe from our home office, while also being able to collaborate with multiple people at the same time via a computer. There are also challenges with this new work situation such as time management, isolation, self-discipline, and trust from leadership that work will get done without direct supervision. With all of these changes in the work environment, the way an employee’s work is evaluated and performance appraised should be re-examined as well.

 

The original posting or answer to the questions must go well beyond a one or two worded response. Each challenge should be written with multiple sentence answers.

  • This week’s discussion has two parts:
  • 1) Identify three challenges when it comes to traditional performance appraisals or employee evaluations from a manager’s perspective.
  • 2) How would those challenges be different when evaluating employees who work remotely?

 

Provide examples of which skills work and why you believe that to be? Why is skim/scan, slow down, and drawing diagrams easy to apply to learning? Why would summarizing/paraphrasing and group study/teaching each other be difficult to apply to learning?

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Metacognition study skills

This paper is about the 10 metacognition study skills. They are skim/scan, slow down. Activate prior knowledge, fit ideas together, draw diagrams, active reading, summarizing/paraphrasing, group study/teaching each other, making connections, and seek out/use feedback. Provide examples of which skills work and why you believe that to be? Why is skim/scan, slow down, and drawing diagrams easy to apply to learning? Why would summarizing/paraphrasing and group study/teaching each other be difficult to apply to learning? Also this needs to be in the paper.

Processing and organizing information are two challenges due to having ADHD.