(a) What is the most important point raised in Auerbach’s article?
(b) Why do you think it is important as seen through the lens of any of our moral theories?
Prepare 250 or more words in Paragraph.
https://blog.apaonline.org/2018/11/08/philosophy-i…
(a) What is the most important point raised in Auerbach’s article?
(b) Why do you think it is important as seen through the lens of any of our moral theories?
Prepare 250 or more words in Paragraph.
https://blog.apaonline.org/2018/11/08/philosophy-i…
What does it mean to say that the conceptual fact of perfect circular motion in the heavens is inconsistent with the empirical facts of how the heavenly bodies are observed to move in the sky? Why is this important to the development of astronomy in the ancient and early modern periods?
Prompt:
Alphabet Inc. (Google’s parent company) has engineered a teleportation device that allows users to travel across the galaxy in nanoseconds. The teleportation device works by perfectly replicating your physical composition, atom by atom.
Questions have been raised regarding whether one’s “soul” also gets replicated. According to congressional representative Anita Herndandez, “There is more to the self than our physical composition—How do I know that the “me” entering the teleporter is the same “me” that ends up on the other end?”
However, Alphabet Inc has assured users that there is no need to worry: what matters is that your atoms (and thus, your memories) travel to the other end of the teleportation device.
In a paper, discuss the following:
What Descartes would think about the teleportation device and selfhood.
What the Buddha would think about the teleportation device and selfhood.
Whether you personally think the “you” that enters the teleporter is the same “you” that leaves. Explain and argue for your position using Parts 1 and 2.
Readings that should be cited:
1. The assignment we are concerned with is the “Philosophy First Essay” which is the following:
Write an essay that addresses a philosophic issue of your choosing. Your topic is any issue you would like to explore that Plato and Aristotle addressed. Find a philosophical issue/ idea developed by a PreSocratic philosopher utilized or challenged by Plato and or Aristotle. In this case, give at least two examples, one from Plato and one from Aristotle, where the PreSocratic philosopher’s ideas are utilized or modified by Plato and Aristotle.
This essay must be a minimum of 750 words but can be longer. The last paragraph or two should be your own ideas on how you might address the issues that you discussed earlier in the essay.
Be sure to show off your knowledge of Plato and Aristotle as well as at least two Presocratic philosophers or sophists that we have studied in the chapter assigned so far.
While investigating your topic, you should show off, show me that you understand the ideas of the philosophers as they pertain to your topic, showing off more philosopher ideas can earn additional points. We discussed philosophers from the PreSocratics onward through this week’s discussion of Plato and Aristotle.
The length should be at least 700 words and include any references used, of course.
2. Your four philosophers for this first essay should be from this list:
Aristotle, (must use) epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics
Plato (must use) epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics
Socrates Ethics (counts as part of knowing Plato)
Protagoras. epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics
Parmenides. epistemology, metaphysics
Democritus, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics
Parmenides, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics
Heraclitus, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics
Pythagorus, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics
Xenophanes, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics
Anaximander, epistemology, metaphysics
Thales, epistemology, metaphysics
3. Your topic should come from at least one of the following:
Epistemology; How we know what we claim to know?
Metaphysics: What there is?
Ethics: How should we live? What is good?
Aesthetics: What is Beauty?
Once you know your basic question, topic, then you need to find PreSocratic philosophers who have positions that may relate to your question and find out what Plato and Aristotle said about that issue . The philosopher list is meant to assist you in identifying available philosophers that you might use in your historical exploration of your question.
4. Your essay could be organized as follows: (not required just a suggestion for those new to such things.)
a) In the first paragraph put forth your question and why it is important to you.
b ) Explain which philosophers you will use and why
c) Take the earliest in time and present the position as it addresses the issue you are investigating. Be sure to show off your knowledge of that philosopher’s position as it pertains to your question.
d) Take the second in time and present the position as it addresses the issue you are investigating and show off as above.
e) Take Plato’s version and Aristotle’s version and present the position as it addresses the issue you are investigating and show off, as above.
f) Put forth your position about how you think the issue should be addressed. Give at least three reasons, or at least one or two, that support your position.
g) Consider any objections that others might make to your ideas and respond to them. For example, what would one or more of the four philosophers that you cite in your essay have to say about what you are arguing?
h) Summary statement and conclusion.
Bibliography of any resources used in developing the essay other than our textbook.
5. Three possible essay topics you might wish to use!
Some possible topics:
Possible Epistemology topic: How do we know what we think we know? Three philosophers might be a skeptic or a Sophist, such as Protagoras, an empiricist, such as Anaximander, and a rationalist like Parmenides, and connect them with the ideas of Plato and Aristotle on how they account for the question. Then provide your ideas that can agree with some, all or none of these.
Possible Metaphysics topic: What is there in the world? What is real? The two philosophers in addition to Plato and Aristotle, might be atomists such as Democritus, change is an illusion philosopher such as Parmenides, then account for how Plato and Aristotle address these issues. Then, your ideas that can agree with some, all or none of these.
Possible Ethics topic: How should we live? How should we act? Three philosophers might be a Sophists such as Protagorus, or Divine Command Theories such as Euthyphro (in the chapter on the Trial and Death of Socrates), then account for how Plato an Aristotle would address these issues. Then, your ideas that can agree with some, all or none of these.
1. The assignment we are concerned with is the “Philosophy Second Essay” which is the following:
In this essay you may select your own topic. It may relate to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics or any combination of these. In the Video Tutorial for today we will discuss a few possible topics and we may add that section to this page later.
While investigating your topic, you should show off your understanding of at least three philosophers we discussed from Descartes onward through this week’s discussion of Nietzsche. I am interested in at least one, or perhaps two, paragraphs worth of your own thoughts evaluating the ideas you are investigating.
The length should be at least 700 words and include any references used, of course.
2. Your three philosophers for the 2nd essay should be from this list:
Descartes:Epistemology: Foundationalist, rationalist, Metaphysics: dualist, body and mind Ethics: virtue ethics based on learning the control of emotion.
Hobbes: Epistemology: Empiricist Metaphysics: monist, materialist. Ethics: Contractarian ethics is simply fulfilling our contracts, social contracts
Locke: Epistemology: Empiricist Metaphysics: Dualist. Primary and secondary substances Ethics: Natural Rights
Berkeley: Epistemology: Empiricist Metaphysics: Monist, idealism
Hume: Epistemology: Empiricist Metaphysics: Ethics, moral sentiments
Kant: Epistemology: Kantian Metaphysics: Transcendental Idealism. Ethics: Categorical Imperative; Aesthetics are a means to intuit truth outside of categories
Hegel:Epistemology: Dialectic. Metaphysics: Absolute Idealism; Aesthetics are a means to view the absolute will at work.
Kierkegaard:Epistemology: Subjective Phenomenolgy Ethics: Existentialism; Aesthetics are a way to transcend the horrors of life.
Marx:Epistemology: dialectic. Metaphysics: materialism. Ethics
Utilitarians: Bentham, James Mill, J. S. Mill: Ethics: Utilitarianism
Nietzsche: Epistemology: Subjectivist Metaphysics:Eternal Recurrence Ethics: Nihilism/Existentialism
3. Your topic should come from at least one of the following:
Epistemology; How we know what we claim to know?
Metaphysics: What there is?
Ethics: How should we live? What is good?
Aesthetics: What is Beauty?
Once you know your basic question, topic, then you need to find philosophers who have positions that may relate to your question. The philosopher list is meant to assist you in identifying key positions of philosophers that you might use in your historical exploration of your question. If your topic is, say, in the category of the theory of knowledge, then you can see on the list the philosophers who have taken original positions in the theory of knowledge, epistemology, so they are good candidates for you to use in your essay.
4. Your essay could be organized as follows: (not required just a suggestion for those new to such things.)
a) In the first paragraph put forth your question and why it is important to you.
b ) Explain which philosophers you will use and why
c) Take the earliest in time and present the position as it addresses the issue you are investigating. Be sure to show off your knowledge of that philosopher’s position as it pertains to your question.
d) Take the second in time and present the position as it addresses the issue you are investigating and show off as above.
e) Take the third in time and present the position as it addresses the issue you are investigating and show off as above.
f) Put forth your position about how you think the issue should be addressed. Give at least three reasons, or at least one or two, that support your position.
g) Consider any objections that others might make to your ideas and respond to them. For example, what would one or more of the three philosophers that you cite in your essay have to say about what you are arguing?
h) Summary statement and conclusion.
i) Bibliography of any resources used in developing the essay other than our textbook.
5. Three possible essay topics you might wish to use!
Some possible topics:
How do we know what we think we know? Three philosophers might be a rationalist, such as Descartes, an empiricist, such as Locke, and a transcendental idealist, Kant. Then your ideas that can agree with some, all or none of these.
What is there in the world? What is real? Three philosophers might be a dualist, such as Descartes or Locke, a monist, such as Hobbes, Berkeley, or a transcendental idealists such as Kant who says we cannot know anything about the real world. Then, your ideas that can agree with some, all or none of these.
How should we live? How should we act? Three philosophers might be a Hobbes, a contractarian, Kant, Categorical Imperative Absolutist, and Kierkegaard, an existentialist. Then, your ideas that can agree with some, all or none of these.
ESSAY SET #2
Select two of the options below.
• Instructions, a grading rubric, and the submission upload link may be found in the “Essay Set #2” folder under “Assignments” in Blackboard.
• Essay Set #2 is due no later than 11:59 pm 10/18/2022.
1. What is Baldwin’s basic point in “A Talk to Teachers?” Explain. Why does he claim that “What does the Negro want?” is “perhaps the most asinine and perhaps the most insulting” question?
2. Explain Paley’s “Watchmaker Analogy.” What is the advantage of concluding God’s existence from our ordinary experiences in the world (as with the “Argument from Design”)? Are there disadvantages to this approach? Explain.
3. What is knowledge? How does it differ from belief? Give an example of something most people claim to know but which they actually do not. Explain how this mistake might occur and how it can be avoided.
4. Fully explain “the Euthyphro Problem.” If right and wrong are not determined by God’s commands, does morality become a matter of individual preference? If yes, how can we explain the apparently universal prohibition on killing one another? If no, on what might morality be based instead?
Explain.
ESSAY SET #2
Select two of the options below.
• Instructions, a grading rubric, and the submission upload link may be found in the “Essay Set #2” folder under “Assignments” in Blackboard.
• Essay Set #2 is due no later than 11:59 pm 10/18/2022.
1. What is Baldwin’s basic point in “A Talk to Teachers?” Explain. Why does he claim that “What does the Negro want?” is “perhaps the most asinine and perhaps the most insulting” question?
2. Explain Paley’s “Watchmaker Analogy.” What is the advantage of concluding God’s existence from our ordinary experiences in the world (as with the “Argument from Design”)? Are there disadvantages to this approach? Explain.
3. What is knowledge? How does it differ from belief? Give an example of something most people claim to know but which they actually do not. Explain how this mistake might occur and how it can be avoided.
4. Fully explain “the Euthyphro Problem.” If right and wrong are not determined by God’s commands, does morality become a matter of individual preference? If yes, how can we explain the apparently universal prohibition on killing one another? If no, on what might morality be based instead? Explain.
Identify one story from the Book of Zhuangzi that illustrates the Daoist sage. What are the virtues that are displayed by the Daoist Sage?
What is the Daodejing? What does the term “dao” mean as a cosmological term in this context? (3 sentences).
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