What is Aristotle’s definition of the soul? Clearly identify the definition, but also take care to sufficiently explain, in your own words, each technical term in the definition, and explain what implication this definition has for the question of what relation the soul has to the body.
Explain Aristotle’s “function argument” for identifying the chief good. That is, clearly state the argument and sufficiently explain it in your own words.
Explain Aristotle’s theory of the four kinds of cause. That is, explain in your own words what this is a theory about, what the four kinds of cause are, and provide an illustration of the analysis of something into each of its four kinds of cause.
Explain Aristotle’s distinction between the sublunary and the celestial spheres. That is, explain in your own words what this distinction is, why he makes it, and how motion works in each sphere.
Imagine that you are working with a group of young people who have physical disabilities and are experiencing social isolation. You have been asked to design a program that provides them with an opportunity to interact socially with other young people that have the same disabilities and find ways to communicate their experiences.
Write a report, which includes a program design that addresses the following issues:
Your report should seek to answer the following questions:
In order to pass this Assessment, your report should be at least 1,500 words and have appropriate headings to cover the above requirements. Your report should also include appropriate Appendices of workplace documentation used in the community services sector to demonstrate your understanding of developing, implementing and evaluating a service program.
The young people who have physical disabilities deserve an environment where they can interact socially with other young people who have similar disabilities and find ways to communicate their experiences. The program to be developed will include special education for them such that their inclusion is regarded a priority.
Need for the Client Group
In schools, students with physical disabilities significantly impact academic chores that need learning tasks requiring concentration and well-organized energy, such as comprehension, comprehensive studies, and diction, are not significantly impacted. If the student shows any of these symptoms and signs, then the right practices and interventions should be adopted (Halliday, 2017). The family has to play a role in identifying such a student. It can be overwhelming for the family members since they continuously touch all things, engage all people, and emotionally unstable. The family members have to be regularly alert in the presence of students that have such disorders. The family members frequently become reactive when such behaviors happen, and it does not change the students. It requires interventions and various practices to prevent such actions from occurring.
Program Resources
The program resources will be retrieved from the various stakeholders to participate in the program implementation. The teachers and parents have to develop a constant communication method if a student is identified to have physical disabilities. Although it may take time and reasonable effort to involve the parents and students, successful communication between home and school can facilitate better schooling for students with physical disabilities. They should collaborate in terms of goals and rewards in all backgrounds. Also, communal strategizing and assessment of various interventions should be done.
Firstly, parental involvement in this collaboration is vital because it is part of all assessment stages, identification, and the advancement of behavior strategies. Parents have also been included in the student’s multidisciplinary and individualized education program (IEP) partnerships; they have to be included in pre-referral and suitability meetings and create positive social interventions.
Implementation Systems and Procedures
School interventions have to comprise of team methods in several settings, comprising of preventive and intervention approaches. The interventions have to be oriented towards evaluation information that consists of data about the student’s abilities and requirements in conjunction with environmental conditions where the physical disabilities characteristics happen. The advancement assessments and plan modifications are vital in ensuring that the intervention plans are successful.
Academic Interventions
The beginning stage in making teaching space support for students with physical disabilities is assessing their abilities and desires. This can involve official and casual evaluation and partnerships with the educational experts and the student’s family members. If the student does not get better outcomes to behavioral approaches and interventions, more involving interventions, such as practical behavior valuation, may be used (Smith, 2004). There is no completely effective method that can be used for students with physical disabilities. Research-based and pioneering practices have to be encouraged for better effectiveness. Some of the academic interventions include:
Several scholars that have physical disabilities have a problem with following instructions. Various guidelines may be used to solve this problem. They include: giving minimal directions and providing directions in better steps or visual model form.
Numerous scholars with physical disabilities have some difficulties in printed assignments because they have motor problems, planning difficulties, and attention problems. The written assignments have to be divided into simple tasks that are more workable. Strategies that can be applied to solve such challenges include: Deconstructing tasks- The tasks have to be divided into smaller units or pages, provide work breaks, minimizing the length of written assignments, increasing the time for completion of assignments.
Classroom Approaches
The classroom environment can either back or make obstructions to the accomplishment of the students. The aspects that nurture attention, positive behavior, and academic and social advances such as creating positive connections with students, using classroom management approaches, and making an actual process that promotes learning. The following practices can be used:
Peer tutoring: This is an effective method that provides much of the assistance for one-to-one instructions. It advances the gaining of both academic and social abilities.
Co-operative learning: This is where well-structured co-operative learning groups are made whereby all students are given responsibility and have set expectations for needed results. This is very helpful for students with physical disabilities.
Learning games: Students may play intuitive games which strengthen skills, for example, vocabulary, and basic mathematics.
Feedback and Complaint Procedures
The feedback will be obtained by strictly identifying the level of participation of the young people in the program. The program will provide the relevant information concerning support services in the organization. It will also outline if there are any costs to be associated with the support services. The complaint procedures will include the clients considering to file one. They will identify the entities causing or contributing to the harm they are receiving. They will also map the grievance mechanisms that may apply as well as the desired outcomes. They will then choose the appropriate grievance mechanism and prepare the complaint. They need to write the complaint down and pass it to the relevant authorities.
Evaluation and Continuous Improvement Process
The evaluation processes to see whether the program works will include surveying the clients involved and measuring the outcomes against the initial goals as well as the barriers that may be present. There are several potential barriers to services for students and families. Some of these include education barrier where is minimal education on physical disabilities in the identification and treatment. Parents and teachers require training about evaluating students that have physical disabilities as well as diagnosis and management. There may also be lack of awareness, knowledge, and comprehension of physical disabilities. The teachers and parents lack information about guidelines and processes that are involved in recognizing these students. Another issue is that of misconceptions and stigma. Improvement processes will require the program to have a clear guide and schedule for everyday activities within the service organization.
Accountability a Governance
Parents and teachers have to collaborate to ensure that students under physical disabilities treatment follow their medication. Medical therapy can show better results as a plan for students with physical disabilities, and teachers are in the best position to assess the medication’s effectiveness based on the traits and behavior. The teachers and parents are responsible for providing feedback to physicians on the student’s behavior and performance at school.
The collaboration will assist in coordinating the student’s homework. This is because assignments are a problematic area for students with physical disabilities, and therefore the teachers and parents have to play responsibility. The teachers and parents have to coordinate since most parents have home responsibilities and may not have time to monitor their homework. They have to work together and create a schedule under various circumstances to monitor assignment strategies.
Funding Framework
The funding framework will be sponsored by government agencies and other interested donors. The expected investment in the program will amount to $10,000. The program will introduce a streamlined grant-making portfolio. There will be invites for other donors to contribute to the funds to increasingly focus on the overall wellbeing, capacity building and innovation. The program will also explore the use of social investment and commit to increase devolution in the decision-making.
Coetzee’s The Lives of Animals contains passionate debates about vegetarianism and the value of human and nonhuman life.
J.M. Coetzee is a South African writer who passionately identifies as a vegetarian himself. His other most famous novels include Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace, the latter of which is a devastating look at race and sexuality in the post-apartheid state (apartheid was the legal system of segregation and disenfranchisement of the black population).
For this Discussion Post, choose two quotes from the novel: one which you agree with and one which you disagree with. After the quote, follow up with a brief explanation of why you agree or disagree. There is no need to “blend” the quote into your writing, but remember that you must do this for every formal essay.
Part 1:
What do you think is one example of a work of art? You can choose a book, a movie, a song, a recipe, a building, a person, a painting, a national park, etc. What makes it art to you? Is it an example of defamiliarization? Does it provide cathartic release? Start by describing your example with a sentence or two, as if no one in your group has heard of it before (and feel free to add links, but make sure it is appropriate). Then explain why you find your example artistic (100 – 200 words).
Part 2:
Professor Hayles argues that the younger the student, the more likely the student may struggle with deep attention and prefer to learn with hyper attention. Have you noticed that media seems to be “faster” these days? Have you seen a Hollywood film from the 1940’s and gotten bored quickly? Have you noticed your younger brothers or sisters struggling to concentrate? Start by stating, in two or three sentences, whether or not you agree with Hayles’ argument, or if you agree with part of her argument but not all of it and why. Then, give an example of something that demands either hyper attention or deep attention (hopefully an example of something you like and want to talk about… why not choose a book or movie or activity you like) and explafktin why (100 – 200 words).
https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-deaths-make-a-natural-disaster-newsworthy
Consider why media react in the way described. Are media consumers being formed by what is highlighted? Are media outlets reacting to a preexisting consumer mindset? Or some combination of the two? How does all of this affect our lives, given the current conditions of the pandemic? Relate to David Foster Wallace on attention and intentionality (i.e. the “aboutness” of our thoughts, interests, desires, emotions, etc.) or to the Learner Paradox (i.e. how to convey information to people who do not know that the information you are conveying matters).
Three- to five-page thought paper on the current world crisis
In each of the following questions a topic that has been explored philosophically is paired with articles that ask the question: what empirical evidence is there for the psychological claims about human psychology that are made by philosophers?
1 Character and Situationism
2 Egoism and Altruism
3 Sentimentalism vs Rationalism
4 Milgram and From Jerusalem and Jericho
5 Baston’s Studies of Altruism
6 Haidt on social intuitoinism
A) Clarify the philosophical problem and theory. To do this, refer to assigned readings by philosophers in the column under “philosophy” and to the class lectures. How do they define the terms they use? What are the conflicting views about which theory is correct and how are these views defended? Don’t just quote or paraphrase. Try to put things in your own words.
B) Next, turn to the question of psychological validation. What assumptions about human psychology do philosophers make? What do the psychological studies show about these assumptions? What philosophical theory do these studies support or conflict with? Be sure to use the articles under the heading “psychology” above.
An example. Say you pick #2, egoism and altruism. First, what do these terms mean? Second, what are the conflicting views about egoism and altruism and what arguments do philosophers present for which theory is the correct one? Third, what assumptions about human psychology do these theorists make? Fourth, what does the evidence from psychology show? Does it support egoism? Altruism? Or some other theory?
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Introduction
Facione & Gittens (2016) state, “Strong critical thinking about complex and difficult social policies demands that we respect those with whom we disagree” (p. 344). The authors of your text ask us to take seriously the points of view of those with whom we disagree.
Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, pick one point of view from the five questions above that you find particularly repugnant – one that you think is completely unjustifiable. If you were in conversation with such a person, how could you ethically respond to the statement of such a point of view? Keep in mind that you are expressing a value opinion, which requires ideological reasoning, so you may want to review Chapter 13.
As you form your response, keep in mind the following; these are things you need to think about but not necessarily to write about in your initial post:
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Introduction
Remember – these journal questions require more thinking than writing. Think about exactly what you are asked to do, and then write as economically as possible.
Instructions
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Read James Bennett’s “The Meaning of Life: A Qualitative Perspective” (PDF in Canvas).
Answer all the following questions.
Questions (-1pt for each question not answered or not answered correctly)
According to Bennett, what is meaning and value in life determined by? Explain in detail.
According to Bennett, what are at least three requirements for someone to have a valuable and meaningful life? Explain why each of these are important.
According to Bennett, why is meaning and value in life not purely and exclusively objective or subjective? Explain in detail for each. What is his solution?
Personally, do you agree or disagree with Bennett’s argument? Why or why not? Be sure to thoroughly explain your reasoninfktg, and be sure not to misrepresent his argument.
Final Paper Instructions
Due Date: Dec 16 at Noon
Paper length: 1000 – 1500 words :: This paper is worth 200 points
(NO LATE PAPERS WILL BE ACCEPTED. NO HARD COPY NEEDS TO BE TURNED IN
The Ultimate Commitment: “We’re getting the Implants!”
We all want love in our lives. However, as our high divorce rate reminds us, even when love seems at its best, things can quickly fall apart – and much else falls apart when love is over.
Imagine the possibility of using science to strengthen your attachment to someone you love. The possibility may soon be available to all of us. Consider the following: A matching unique pair of neural implants that releases bonding chemicals like oxytocin and vasopressin into your brains when you and your partner look into each other’s eyes. The “love implants” could be mutually activated (“turned on”) as a part of a wedding ceremony, or whenever the couple decides they are ready for the “ultimate commitment”. A year waiting period from the time of application would help ensure that the lovers are indeed ready and willing for this kind of commitment. Once the devices are turned on, the lovers’ attachment system will form an ever-stronger bond with the other person. The strength of that bond can be regulated over time by the couple (settings require mutual agreement) and either partner can decide to have his or her implant removed at any time through a safe procedure.
Your paper should answer the following questions in this order:
Additional Instructions: (review carefully!)
Be careful of assuming that everything about this implant is either good or bad. That will probably give you a very superficial paper. There’s a mixture of an up and down side to consider here about the implant. It these devices were obviously good or bad, they wouldn’t make for a very interesting paper.
Answer the question in full (each and every part and in that orderYou do not need to cite anything in this paper. However, that doesn’t give you license to plagiarize. Make sure you use your own words. Using anyone else’s words without a citation (including mine from the powerpoints) is plagiarism.
Treat this paper topic as what is it – a fun topic for a difficult argumentative paper about an abstract subject that demands that you show understanding of the material and provide clear and effective arguments for your positions. My standards are high, esp. for part 1 and 2.
Again, make sure you focus on the success of LOVE, rather than marriage or relationships
Avoid ambiguous or metaphorical statements, esp. ones that come from getting carried away with the topic. Also, ones that say things like “playing God” or “unnatural” or “artificial” without specific explanation of what you mean. (use Aquinas if you want to argue the latter as a reason for it being unethical) If you use these terms evaluatively (e.g. artificial = bad), be very clear about your reasoning for thinking so.
Remember that we’re talking about bonding chemicals (oxytocin and vasopressin, not dopamine) that impacts our caregiving system. These chemicals create attachment, not bliss.
Referencing a thinker is not the same as giving them a “shout out”. It means using their arguments and ideas to advance the argument you are making in your paper.
Make sure that your references actually support your arguments. I don’t care if person X would have approved of the implant or not, I care about why. I want to see you show understanding of their reasoning and the ability to apply it to this novel situation.
Do not use Aristophanes, Ortega y Gassett or Stendhal as sources. The first one introduces an idea as mythology, and the other two write about the process of falling in love, rather than the long-term state of being in love.
If you’re going to use De Beauvoir or Firestone, don’t forget that they were discussing love at their respective times (1949 and 1971). You’ll need to relate their ideas to present day America.
Don’t just tell me what the implant will do to love. Tell me how and why you think it will do what you say. Only the latter demonstrates understanding.
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