Assess the following criticism of Kant’s position on freedom & morality

/in /by

750 word essay, in text references and question not included in word count. APA style. due in 3 days. Assess the following criticism of Kant’s position on freedom & morality:
“Kant appears to argue that we know we are transcendentally free because such freedom is a condition of the possibility of moral action. Yet- a) it is only Kant’s particular view of morality that requires transcendental freedom and, b)his view is that moral action requires acting in complete independence of our inclinations and desires. Since this view of moral action is false, Kant’s argument for transcendental freedom collapses.”

Compare and contrast the works of Hobbes and Locke, Rousseau and Voltaire.

/in /by

Humanistic and Economic Philosophies

If you have remained abreast of your readings you should all now be familiar with the writings of Cardinal Richelieu, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Adam Smith, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire. Each of these individuals was greatly impacted by the Renaissance and the new way of thinking about man, science and government that it prompted. Each of these philosophers had an influential effect on the new way of thinking that led to the Enlightenment. Hobbes, Smith and Locke in particular would be very influential on the course of the American revolutionary period and the subsequent establishment of a constitutional republic in the United States.

Richelieu was the most important councilor to two French kings and he subordinated his role as a Cardinal of the Church to his position as a Frenchman advising the monarch. Hobbes was a child of unrest in England and it influenced his philosophy that man must be governed because left to his natural devices, his life would be “nasty, brutish and short”. Hobbes did advance the notion of the social contract, allowing that man must be governed but the governing must be benevolent. John Locke is the most frequently cited influence upon the American Founding Fathers. He rejected the pessimism of Hobbes and felt that man must be allowed to construct his own government, and if government became oppressive of his freedom, then man was obligated to overthrow the source of the oppression. He was a close friend of Adam Smith who for his part advanced the arguments of free markets over the then extant mercantilist system employed by the great European powers. Rousseau and Voltaire would prove to be the most important of many French Enlightenment thinkers who debated the nature of inequality.

For this paper I want you to re-evaluate the readings of these philosophers. Then put together a paper, between 1800-2000 words or about 5-6 pages. Describe the major points of each philosopher’s essays. Compare and contrast the works of Hobbes and Locke, Rousseau and Voltaire. Describe the effects of these philosophers on governments of the time. How did the spread of these ideas inaugurate the period known as the Enlightenment?

Does the argument meet an appropriate logical standard (either validity or inductive force)?

/in /by

Here is the Guidance on how to go aboutit:
Make clear at every point whether you are considering an argument or a statement.
Where you identify an argument set it out in standard form, clearly labelling
premises and conclusion, and stating the content of each as clearly as you can. Then,
to evaluate, you should consider whether the argument that you have identified is
any respect fallacious. That will require you to think about four kinds of issue
• Does the argument meet an appropriate logical standard (either validity or inductive
force)?
• Are you in a position to say – without specialist knowledge or knowledge of context
– anything about the soundness of the argument?
• Ought the argument convince someone who is previously neutral or agnostic about
the conclusion?
• Does it involve any element that might be thought a non-rational means of
persuasion

 

Discuss this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.

/in /by

is an IB Theory of Knowledge (TOK) essay. The topic is “Areas of Knowledge are most useful in combination with each other. Discuss this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.”

What resonates with you or stand out to you about John Locke’s epistemology and his political theory.

/in /by

what resonates with you or stand out to you about John Locke’s epistemology and his political theory.

What is the 614th Commandment and why does Fackenheim think that it is necessary?

/in /by

What is the 614th Commandment and why does Fackenheim think that it is necessary? In order to answer this question, explain Fackenheim’s reasons in as much detail as you can. Raise one objection to his view, focused on one of the reasons he provides, and consider his possible response to it. You are required to type a response of 150-250 words. The readings are uploaded. No need for citation.

What is the significance of this story? What does it tell us (if anything) about the problem of the meaning of life?

/in /by

The essay assignment is divided in two parts (A) and (B).

The answer to part (A) should occupy approximately 40% of the space within your essay. The answer to part (B) should occupy approximately 60% of the space within your essay.

In “My Confession” Tolstoy provides ‘the story of a traveler who in the steppe is overtaken by an infuriated beast” (My Confession Part One, pp. 9 & 10, The Meaning of Life: A Reader).

(A) In your own words relate this story to your reader and

(B) i) What is the significance of this story? What does it tell us (if anything) about the problem of the meaning of life? Lastly: ii) do you believe that Tolstoy, in relating this story, describes our existential predicament correctly? If so, why do you agree? If not, why not?

Be sure to provide citations and quotations from the text throughout to aid your reader in following your A) exposition and B) argument. Divide your essay answer down into subheadings: (A), (B), (i), (ii) to clarify the progression of your answer to your reader.

Discuss how each of the articles illustrates the specified paradigms and explains the appropriateness of each paradigm in relation to the articles’ overarching purpose.

/in /by

You will be required to source TWO current peer-reviewed social science journal articles. Current, in this instance, means the article should have been published within the past 3 years. You will be expected to conduct a review and analysis of each of the articles according to the Article Review and Analysis rubric attached. remember the topical area must be similar for both articles but the paradigms must be different. In this assignment, you will be asked to summarize each article they must be similar in nature/topic but different in terms of paradigm. You will illustrate how these articles illustrate these paradigms while providing references to articles of similar research paradigms. You will juxtapose each article by offering a contrast of each article’s purpose, paradigm, ontology, epistemology, methodology, research methods, and axiology.
Please see below for other guidelines for article selection and for completing the assignment.
• You must select peer-reviewed articles from academic journals
• The articles were not published before 2015
• You will be critiquing the articles as well as summarizing them.
• You will be comparing each of the articles and contrasting them in terms of their individual elements (purpose, paradigm, ontology, epistemology, methodology, research methods, and axiology).
• Your paper must not be longer than 12 pages (including references and cover page).
• You must discuss how each of the articles illustrates the specified paradigms and explains the appropriateness of each paradigm in relation to the articles’ overarching purpose.
• You will include in your paper citations to other similar articles (in terms of topic) in a way to illustrate that you can engage and integrate other academic literature.
• You will ensure that each citation has a corresponding reference entry
• You will ensure that your citations and references are done using the APA 6th edition guidelines.

discuss Eleanor Stump and the problem of evil in the context of “Meno.” Or, you might consider how “Meno” informs Pascal, and his wager.

/in /by

Socrates (Plato) is essentially the touchstone of all western philosophy, and was certainly read and studied by most, if not all, of the philosophers we have read this semester. Using one or more of the philosophers we have read, in addition to Socrates (Plato) consider how Socrates’ (Plato’s) belief that virtue is a “gift from god,” from “Meno” informs other arguments about the existence of God.

So, for example, you might discuss Eleanor Stump and the problem of evil in the context of “Meno.” Or, you might consider how “Meno” informs Pascal, and his wager. Or, you might see some other connections of your own.

Identify and express the ethical dilemma represented by the scenario.

/in /by

Choose ONE of the ethical dilemmas below and provide a THOUGHTFUL and COMPREHENSIVE essay response that addresses EACH of questions at the end of the scenario.  Your response should include an analysis of the situation incorporating the following considerations:

  • Identify and express the ethical dilemma represented by the scenario.
  • Identify who is the decision-maker(s) in the scenario and who is impacted by the decision being made.
  • Identify the relevant facts/data in the scenario.
  • Identify and explain which ethical values are relevant in the scenario (i.e. autonomy, justice, beneficence, etc.)
  • Identify which moral theories/philosophers provide the basis for your analysis and explain how that theory is applied to the scenario and how it factors into your responses to the questions at the end of the scenario.