Briefly summarize, in your own words, the aircraft accident based on your research. In your summary, highlight the causes of the accident based on the results of the accident investigation.

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Module 6 Putting it All Together: The Role of Flight Planning in General Aviation Aircraft Accidents

Initial Post
Three individuals in hazmat outfits standing at an Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University safety Science Crash Lab crash site.
Research an accident or incident involving a general aviation aircraft (Skybrary), (Links to an external site.) where the cause was at least partly due to improper flight planning. Consider using keywords related to the steps involved in flight planning in conducting your search for accident summaries and reports.

Construct an engaging 3-paragraph initial post that addresses the following points:

Paragraph 1: Briefly summarize, in your own words, the aircraft accident based on your research. In your summary, highlight the causes of the accident based on the results of the accident investigation.

Paragraph 2: Discuss one or more ways that the article is directly tied to the topics covered in this module regarding the science of flight planning.

Paragraph 3: Give us “your take” on the relevance and importance of the summarized accident or incident, and the importance of flight planning in general, by providing personal points of view or related experiences.

Embed at least one graphic or video that helps visualize some aspect of your initial post discussion.

Degradation of an airport’s aging fuel tanks is suspected, resulting in both rust and water contamination of the aviation fuel. Discuss the impacts of this scenario on the operation of aircraft fueled at this airport.

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Module 5 – A&S Question (PLG1)

In this activity, you will take your learning to the next level by applying and synthesizing (A&S) concepts explored in this module.

Instructions
Choose one question option (1 or 2) to answer. Place your chosen question and the formulated answer* within a separate document.

Integrate information from the module lessons to develop and support your answers.

Your answer will be scored on completeness, correctness, clarity, and conciseness, and the degree of synthesis and application of the related concepts, not on how many words they contain. More is not necessarily better! This is NOT an essay assignment.

Read through all sections before proceeding to the next page, and refer back whenever necessary.

Question Option 1Question Option 2
Degradation of an airport’s aging fuel tanks is suspected, resulting in both rust and water contamination of the aviation fuel. Discuss the impacts of this scenario on the operation of aircraft fueled at this airport.

Let me know what question you answer.

Question Option 1

Degradation of an airport’s aging fuel tanks is suspected, resulting in both rust and water contamination of the aviation fuel. Discuss the impacts of this scenario on the operation of aircraft fueled at this airport.

Question Option 2

Degradation of an airport’s aging fuel tanks is suspected, resulting in both rust and water contamination of the aviation fuel. Discuss how specific fuel additives could mitigate the impacts of this scenario.

Research and decide on two glider designs – one designed for long-distance, and another designed for a long duration of flight. Choose two gliders that will, independently, do very well in each category.

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Module 5 – Paper Airplane Project Part 1 – Glider Design Selection (PLG1)

Project Objective
To synthesize knowledge and skills gained from several other topics in the course to build and test paper glider designs and make decisions about the use of the designs based on the scientific results of the testing.

Project Overview
The Paper Airplane Project will take place over Modules 5-8. The project will apply concepts from several modules and is worth a significant portion of your course grade.

In this project, you will first choose two different glider types that you think will be worthy of entering into a mock paper glider competition – one designed for flight distance (straight line distance as measured from take-off point to landing point) competition, and one designed for flight duration (longest in-flight time competition. You will then independently build and test your chosen designs. Finally, you will report the results of your independent testing to the class (where the best performing gliders of those tested in each of the two categories will be recognized) and engage in a discussion with your instructor and classmates in reflecting on your learning experiences during the project.

In completing the project, you will apply the scientific method and synthesize concepts related to aircraft performance and meteorology.

Project Instructions
The project will be completed in three parts.

Part 1 – Glider Design Selection

In part 1 of the project, you will select two competition glider designs that you will later build and test for paper glider competition worthiness.

Research and decide on two glider designs – one designed for long-distance, and another designed for a long duration of flight. Your objective is to choose two gliders that will, independently, do very well in each category.

In choosing the designs, keep the following restrictions in mind:
Each glider’s materials will be restricted to a single, complete sheet of 8.5 x 11-inch standard weight copy paper (20 lb bond / standard A4 format – mass = 4.5 grams).
The glider will be modified by folding only – no addition of other materials, ripping, gluing, or cutting.
You are not restricted in any way on the sources used to find potential glider designs, but here are two sources:

Amazing Paper Planes – Basic Dart Designs (Links to an external site.)
Fold N’ Fly (Links to an external site.)
Before making a final decision on your two choices, do some preliminary testing of each design. Build one or two test gliders according to the instructions, and do some test flights to get a rough idea of how it performs.
Experiment with different thrust methods for each of the test glider designs for achieving the objective (distance or duration of flight). Hint: review the videos of the world record glider flights in the Background and Motivation section.
If a design performs poorly in preliminary testing, choose a different design.
Repeat step 2. until you’ve found a promising performer for each of the two required design types.
Formulate a hypothesis* for each of your chosen designs that incorporate predictions for how each of the four main forces that act on aircraft will affect the motion of the glider in allowing it to achieve its objective (distance or duration).

* You may want to review the definition of a hypothesis from our lesson on the scientific method in Module 1.

Explain Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy along with definition. Propose a Ship Model which demonstrates the principle described in part (a), using objects found in your home, or bought from a hardware or hobby store.

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Assignment Report: Compulsory Components that must be in your report.

No. Components Marks Allocated 1.0 Introduction 5% 2.0 Archimedes’ Principle 5% 3.0 Scientific Principles 5% 4.0 Application 5% 5.0 Methodology & Results 30% 6.0 Discussion 20% 7.0 Conclusion 10% 8.0 Video Presentation 20% TOTAL 100%

1.0 Introduction
The introduction provides a brief overview of the substance of the report, usually no more than half a page. It is brief explanation of the topic. The introduction should outline all the key features of your report, including the topic, what you did and how you did it, and the main outcomes of your work

2.0 Archimedes Principle
The section provides the background information needed for the rest of your report to be understood. It is usually 1-2 pages in length. The purpose of the section is to set the context for your report, provide sufficient background information for the reader to be able to follow the information presented. The background to the topic of your report must set your work in its broad context.
APU Level 0
Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation 20220808
EE003-4-0 —ESC
Individual Assignment Page 7 of 10

3.0 Scientific Principle
In this section, you should come out with technical background necessary to understand the report; e.g. theory or assumptions. You should give some technical explanation on the theorems, formulas and equations related to Archimedes’. Use figures and calculations to help you in your explanation. Fully state the physical principle in the form of a statement and a mathematical equation, with all parameters and units fully described.

4.0 Application
In this section, you should come out the Archimedes’ application in the real world. You should provide at least 4 examples of the application; provide pictures and explanations on each example.

5.0 Methodology & Results
In this section, you should come out with your own original model. List down the procedures done to obtain the mass and density of the model created. Use figures and calculations to help you in your explanation. Results can be put in a table form.

6.0 Discussion
In this section, you should give some technical explanation on the results obtained. Provide reasoning and analyze on the effect of the model created, medium tested and results obtained.
APU Level 0
Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation 20220808
EE003-4-0 —ESC
Individual Assignment Page 8 of 10

7.0 Conclusion
The Conclusion is a short summary of the results of your work. It should give a concise statement of what has been achieved. Anticipated application of techniques developed should be summarized very briefly. The Conclusion should be self-contained, i.e., it should not make reference to any sections, figures, or references in the report.
The conclusions section provides an effective ending to your report. The content should relate directly to the aims of the project as stated in the introduction, and sum up the essential features of your work. This section:
• states whether you have achieved your aims • gives a brief summary of the key findings or information in your report • highlights the major outcomes of your investigation and their significance.

8.0 Presentation & Model Created
In this section, you should

  • Describe the model which you have created.
  • Demonstrate/test the model which you have created.
  • Show that you have achieved all of the required criteria.

Tasks that need to be done: 1. Report,

Write a 2000-word report about Archimedes’ Principle in Section 1(a), (b), (c) and (d). Your report should include the below elements. See also attached Appendix A. – Well-presented and must be typed. Formatted with a font size of 12pt Times New Roman and 1.5-line spacing. Ensure the paragraphs are properly aligned/ justified. – Pages of the report must be properly numbered. Table of contents and list of figures included. All figures and tables must be properly labeled and referenced in the text. Properly citing sources of information using the APA Referencing. Compulsory components that must be in your report which shows the allocated marks for each component respectively. Expected number of pages: 10-15 pages’ maximum.

(a) Explain Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy along with definition. Express the Archimedes’ Principle in the form of a statement and in mathematical form (equation). All parameters in the equation must be fully defined, along with the appropriate units used. Provide examples of its Principles and Applications.

(b) Propose a Ship Model which demonstrates the principle described in part (a), using objects found in your home, or bought from a hardware or hobby store. The medium that will be used to test the model is used to predict whether the model will sink or float. The ship model must be within 15cm x 15cm x 15cm.
-APU Level 0
-Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation 20220808
-EE003-4-0 —ESC

Individual Assignment Page 3 of 10
(c) Report the steps which need to be taken to complete the experiment involving the ship model and include the expected outcome. Repeat the steps using two (2) types of different materials.
(d) Justify the results obtained and provide conclusion.

2. Presentation Demonstrate the work done through a recorded video including the explanation on the Model which you have designed using the required Medium.

Marks allocation: Report: 80% & Presentation 20%

Why are you seeking a graduate degree in Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington? What knowledge and skills do you hope to achieve from the graduate program that will be useful to your long-term career goals? Describe an example of how you have shown resilience and/or perseverance in the pursuit of your academic goals or in your personal life and how you have grown as a result.

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Aerosol, Cloud, Radiation-Observation, and Simulation

Why are you seeking a graduate degree in Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington? What knowledge and skills do you hope to achieve from the graduate program that will be useful to your long-term career goals?
Describe an example of how you have shown resilience and/or perseverance in the pursuit of your academic goals or in your personal life and how you have grown as a result.
Describe experiences that have given you skills that prepare you for graduate school, or how your experiences (academic, research, or otherwise) add to our department.
Please add anything you would like to say in support of your application or anything that puts your application in a broader context that is not addressed by the questions.

Assuming that a person releases both a solid cylinder and solid sphere (with the same mass and radius) from rest at location A, which object do you expect will reach location B first? If this experiment does not give you mass of the rolling object (solid cylinder/sphere), are you still able to calculate the % error of the moment inertia? Based on the experimental data in the video, can you calculate the object’s translational acceleration and angular acceleration?

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Rotational inertia by rolling down an incline.

 

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the rotational inertia (or moment of inertia) of various cylinders and spheres; comparing with calculated values.

READ THROUGH THIS MANUAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO PERFORM THE EXPERIMENT. AFTERWARD, VIEW THE VIDEO OF THE EXPERMENTS BEING PERFORMED AND RECORD THE DATA FROM THE VIDEO. USE THIS DATA TO CALCULATE THE MOMENT OF INERTIA AND WRITE YOUR REPORT.

Video-1:

Measurements of diameters, masses and angle of incline:     https://youtu.be/UlyfoLZEDiY

Video-2:

Measurements of time for objects to roll down the incline:     https://youtu.be/KwKOfROqqqo

 

 

EQUIPMENT:

Inclined Plane

Meter stick

Cylinders, spheres

Stopwatch

Vernier Caliper

Triple beam balance

THEORY:

An object (e.g. a cylinder or sphere) that rolls down an incline from rest without sliding will uniformly speed up. The translational speed of the rolling object is smaller than the speed of the same object sliding down the incline without friction. This is due to the fact that the initial gravitational potential energy is converted not only into translational kinetic energy in the first case, but also rotational kinetic energy.

Since the object rolling down the incline with a constant acceleration, the average translational velocity should equal half its final translational velocity (for an object starting at rest):

Experimentally we can get this average translational velocity by measuring the object’s travel time () over a given distance ():

Now, an object with mass  and radius  rolls down a vertical height from rest as shown in Figure 1. Because static friction between the table and the rolling object does not do work, the initial gravitational potential energy of the rolling object at location A should equal to the sum of its translation kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy at location B:

For pure rolling motion, the relationship between translational velocity and rotational velocity is:

The moment of inertia for a cylinder or sphere is given below:

 

Using Equations 1 through 4, we can derive the following for the measured value of Rotational Inertia:

Procedure:

  1. Watch the videos in the given link.
  2. From Video-1, record the masses and diameters of the cylinder and solid sphere. The diameters of the rings are taken several times since they are relatively flexible objects. Take their average values.
  3. From Video-1, record the length of the inclined plane and the height at two end points to obtain the slope. The heights are measured several times. Take their average value.
  4. From Video-2, for each rolling object, record the travel time from A to B and fill them into the data table. Note that some rolling motions result in the object colliding with the side, or falling off the incline. Do not use that data.

Data:

Mass and Diameters:

NO OBJECT MASS DIAMETER ROTATIONAL INERTIA FROM EQN. 5
UNITS
1 Cylinder-1: Copper
2 Cylinder-2: Aluminum
3 Cylinder-3: Plastic
4 Cylinder-4: Brass
5 Solid Sphere-1: Plastic
6 Solid Sphere-2: Steel
Inner outer
7 Ring-1: Heavy Tape
8 Ring-2: Light Tape

 

Obtaining the Angle of Incline θ:

Average Height of plank on higher side: ___________

Average Height of table on lower side: ___________

Length of Table: ______________                           Calculated angle θ: __________________

 

Obtaining the Descending Height, h :

Distance traveled  from A to B: _____________         Descending height: _________________

 

Object Time Rotational Inertia

(equation 6)

 Rotational Inertia

(equation 5)

 % error
No Final time Initial time Travel time      t Average travel time t
units
Cylinder-1 copper 1
2
3
Cylinder-2

Aluminum

 1
2
3
Cylinder-3

Plastic
Cylinder-4

Brass
Solid Sphere-1

Plastic
Solid Sphere-2

Steel
Ring-1

Heavy Tape
Ring-2 Light Tape

Calculations:

  1. Calculate the average travel time for each object.
  2. Input the average travel time into Equation 6, and calculate the object’s moment of inertia.
  3. Use Equation 5 to calculate the object’s moment of inertia.
  4. Compare the resultant values from steps 2 and 3, and calculate the % error.

Questions:

  1. Assuming that a person releases both a solid cylinder and solid sphere (with the same mass and radius) from rest at location A, which object do you expect will reach location B first?
  2. If this experiment does not give you mass of the rolling object (solid cylinder/sphere), are you still able to calculate the % error of the moment inertia?
  3. Based on the experimental data in the video, can you calculate the object’s translational acceleration and angular acceleration?

 

 

Develop an evidence-based argument that supports the claim that humans have and continued to gain inspiration from nature in developing and improving flight technology.

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Module 1 – A&S Question (PLG1)

Question 1

Develop an evidence-based argument that supports the claim that humans have and continued to gain inspiration from nature in developing and improving flight technology.

Question 2

Applying published scientific research along with concepts involved in the evolution of birds, bio-aerial locomotion, and the basic principles of flight, develop an evidence-based argument that supports the claim that frigate birds can stay aloft for months during transoceanic flights.

Write a postcard to a famous aviator that makes specific connections between your personal interest in aviation-related sciences and their contributions to aviation. Describe a key flight that changed the world and how it has influenced you. Describe how a ground-breaking aircraft has impacted your life.

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Discussion: Putting it All Together – The Crossroads of Science, Technology, and Society

Piper Arrow aircraft in flight.
Select one of the following topics:

Write a postcard to a famous aviator that makes specific connections between your personal interest in aviation-related sciences and their contributions to aviation.
Describe a key flight that changed the world and how it has influenced you.
Describe how a ground-breaking aircraft has impacted your life.

Of the four main forces acting on aircraft, name the one that can be altered, in the process of proper flight planning, to reduce the impact of high density altitude flying conditions. Explain why a combination of high, hot, and humid conditions creates high density altitude flying conditions. Your explanation should involve a discussion of how air temperature, pressure, humidity affect air density and thus the density altitude.

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Module 2 – Focus Topic: Density Altitude (PLG 1)

In this activity, you will focus on the concept of density altitude and its application to the performance of aircraft.

We have already explored the dependence of air density on pressure, temperature, and humidity. Density altitude is a specific parameter used in aviation to indicate how the air’s density affects aircraft performance.

Review the following resources on density altitude and its effects on flying:

Hot, High, and Heavy-The Deadly Cocktail of Density Altitude (PDF) (Links to an external site.) – article from NOAA, explaining density altitude and why a combination of specific words starting with the letter “H” is bad when it comes to flying! (Note: the bad link to the “handy calculator online” in the article is a known error)
Don’t Be Dense About Density Altitude (Plane and Pilot) (Links to an external site.)
Density Altitude (Mountain Flying) (Links to an external site.)
Density Altitude (PDF) (Federal Aviation Administration)

Finally, read the Forbes Magazine article, The Science Of Why It’s Too Hot For Some Planes To Fly In The Southwest U.S. (Links to an external site.)

After reviewing the information on density altitude, you should understand the importance of air density on the ability of an aircraft to achieve flight and maneuver, and how high density altitude flying conditions – which are typically present on an otherwise “perfect” weather day – are an “invisible” flight hazard that pilots must be aware of during flight planning.

Now, synthesize and apply the information you reviewed on the concept of density altitude to address the following:

Using terms that an average person could easily understand and by applying related concepts and terms, present a practical definition of density altitude.
Fill in the blank: If the value of density altitude is relatively high, the air density is relatively _______.
Of the four main forces acting on aircraft, name the ones that are reduced by high density altitude flying conditions.
Of the four main forces acting on aircraft, name the one that can be altered, in the process of proper flight planning, to reduce the impact of high density altitude flying conditions.
Explain why a combination of high, hot, and humid conditions creates high density altitude flying conditions. Your explanation should involve a discussion of how air temperature, pressure, humidity affect air density and thus the density altitude.
Apply your understanding of density altitude to answer the following scenario-based question:
A general aviation pilot in training is scheduled to do repeated touch and go’s (landing and taking off again without coming to a full stop) in a Cessna 172 at Bob Adams Field in Steamboat Springs, Colorado (elevation 6882 feet) on a mid-afternoon in early August. Explain why the aircraft’s ability to take off, land, and climb during the touch and go’s will be negatively impacted. Include an image within your document that visualizes the explanation.

Briefly summarize the main points of the article in your own words. Discuss one or more specific ways that the article is directly tied to the concepts studied in this module. Give us “your take” on the relevance and importance of the article’s main points by providing personal points of view or related experiences.

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Discussion: Putting it All Together – Corrosion Control

Aircraft corrosion is a perennial problem and will continue to be problematic as long as metals continue to be used in aircraft construction. Corrosion prone areas in an aircraft are exhaust trail areas, battery compartments and battery vent openings, bilge areas (sumps for waste hydraulic fluid, water, etc.), wheel well and landing gear, wing flap and spoiler recesses, external skin, and the engine front and cooling air vents. In geographic regions with high humidity, acid rain, or proximity to saltwater, aircraft corrosion must be vigilantly protected against.
The primary methods of corrosion control are

  • 1) materials selection (e.g., anodized or alodized alloy),
  • 2) pre-treatment (trivalent chromium, epoxy primer),
  • 3) finish layer (e.g., Alclad, paint, wax or oil, polyurethane, polymers, sol-gel, nanoparticles, sacrificial metallic coating),
  • 4) drainage (removal of water, the most common electrolyte),
  • 5) corrosion-inhibiting compounds.

Initial Post
Choose a recent news article highlighting a current event or recent research from an online science news source such as Science Daily, o Science News o or Phys.org Spotlight Science News (Science X)o regarding aircraft corrosion. The article could focus on corrosion mechanisms, corrosion control, or corrosion-resistant materials. Just be sure that the article centers on aircraft corrosion. Do not use reference websites like Wikipedia. If you use a blog, you must thoroughly evaluate the credibility of the author.
Construct an engaging 3-paragraph initial post that covers the following points:

  • • Paragraph 1: Briefly summarize the main points of the article in your own words.
  • • Paragraph 2: Discuss one or more specific ways that the article is directly tied to the concepts studied in this module.
  • • Paragraph 3: Give us “your take” on the relevance and importance of the article’s main points by providing personal points of view or related experiences.

Embed at least one graphic or video that helps visualize some aspect of your initial post discussion.
• To embed a YouTube video, simply paste the video URL into your post.

• To embed images from the web directly into the discussion post, review the Canvas resource, How do I embed an image in a discussion reply as a student? (Canvas Community) o If you have trouble embedding the image into your post, you can simply insert the image URL directly into your post.

For your initial post only: Before making your initial post to the discussion forum, submit a file containing your initial post in the Module 7 Putting it All Together – Initial Post Originality Check assignment on the next page of the module for a check of the originality of your work. Then, return to this discussion forum and submit your initial post. Be aware that you will receive zero points for your discussion post if you do not upload your initial post for the originality check.