1) How do the rods and cones differ in the way they respond to light?
2) What is spectral sensitivity? How is a cone spectral sensitivity curve determined? A rod spectral sensitivity curve?
3) What is a pigment absorption spectra? How do rod and cone pigment absorption spectra compare, and what is their relationship to rod and cone spectral sensitivity?
Please write a review about the Comparision of the Quark- Quark- Potential and the Spring Potential in classical mechanics. The Quark Quark Potential should include the calculation of the potential energy in quantum chromo dynamics and inlude the mesons (quark antiquark) and baryons.
Reflection – Show the reflection for a straight wave entering a curved barrier. Draw your own example on loose leaf. Make sure the barrier is not a semicircle only a shallow curve.
Refraction – Draw your own example on loose leaf using the question below.
Periodic waves in deep water have a wavelength of 1.9 cm. The waves then hit a boundary at an angle of 35° and the waves then have a wavelength of 1.5 cm in the shallow water. With what angle does the water propagate into the shallow water? Use the circle below to draw the waves in the ripple tank.
Diffraction – Draw your own example on loose leaf.
Draw a real world example of diffraction. Explain your answer.
Interference – Use Given, required, equation, answer, sentence
In a ripple tank, a point on the second nodal line from the center is 52cm from one source and 45 cm from the other source. The sources are separated by 10.2 cm and vibrate in phase at 11.1 Hz. Calculate:
How do we learn about objects of interest to intelligence through matter/energy interaction: emission, reflection, refraction, and absorption?
Describe resolution, discuss how this applies to intelligence, and define the principle measures of resolution used to analyze and evaluate collected information.
Describe the four types of satellite orbits and identify what types of collection are principally done from each orbit type.
How does synthetic aperture radar work and what advantages does it have over optical imagery?
Describe the three major branches of ELINT. Provide one real-life example (dates/places) of each
Where would you have to place a 41.5cm tall object to form: a. A virtual image 67.43cm from a concave mirror with a focal length of 16.00cm? b. A real image that is 12.8cm tall and 82.4cm from its mirror?
A mirror produces an upright image that is three times as far away from the mirror as the object. What kind of mirror must it be and how do you know?
An object is placed 34cm from a convex mirror with a focal length of 19cm. Calculate the location of the image.
An inverted image is exactly one-fifth the size of its object. If the focal length of the mirror is 23.0cm, where was the object placed?
A mirror is used to produce an inverted image the same size as the object. If that image is 25.0cm from the mirror, what is the mirror’s radius of curvature?
An object 8.0cm high is placed 80.cm in front of a converging lens of focal point 25cm. Determine the image position and height.
A lamp 10.cm high is placed 60.cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length 20.cm. Calculate the image position and height.
A typical single lens camera has a converging lens with a focal length of 50.0mm. What is the position and size of the image of a 25cm candle located 1.0m from the lens?
A converging lens with a focal length of 20.cm is used to create an image of the sun on a paper screen. How far from the lens must the paper be placed to produce a clear image?
The focal length of a slide projector’s converging lens is 10.0cm.
RC Circuits
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/circuit-construction-kit-ac-virtual-lab
Press the down arrow on the picture
Then open the file
Connect the circuit shown on the white board or the attached picture
Notice that there are two switches S1 is in series with the 18 volt battery
S2 is in series with a 100 ohm resistor ( which you can set).
Make the capacitance 0.2 or maximum
Leave S2 open connect a voltmeter across the capacitor and notice that it will record 18 volts as the capacitor will charge quickly.
Bring a timer the (yellow stopwatch shown), or use the stopwatch on your phone
Open S1 and notice that the voltage remains at 18 volts as long as S2 is open because the capacitor keeps the charge on the capacitor,
Close the switch S2 and start the timer as soon as possible and record the value of the voltage at that time and then every 5 second.
Make a table of the voltage across the capacitor as a function of time
Get around 12 readings or more.
Plot a graph of Vc on the y axis with time on the x-axis. You can ignore the first or the second reading and start the graph making the third reading represents the voltage at t=0 (if it is difficult for you to get the value of Vc and time together for the first or second points) practice or cooperate with your partner first.
Repeat the above using a resistor of 60 ohms.
Plot the two graphs on the same graph paper or screen if you can
Choose two voltages on the first graph and calculate the time between them from the graph.
Use the discharge equation to find the value of the capacitor and compare it with the value you have.
Repeat the above procedure using R = 60 ohms and draw a second graph.
Find the average value of the capacitor and compare with value you have. Find percentage error.
Calculate the time constant of each circuit and use the graph to determine two points separated by RC value and look at the difference in voltages that correspond to RC on the graph and find the ratio of
Final voltage/initial voltage
Do this for the second graph.
Look at the example on the white board.
Submit individually or in groups of two
The Photoelectric Effect (at home)
Purpose:To investigate the nature of the photoelectric effect and determine the work function of an unknown metal
Apparatus: Computer, Simulation: “Photoelectric Effect” (available at https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/photoelectric), spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel or equivalent)
Discussion
When light shines on a polished, unoxidized metal surface, electrons can be ejected from the metal. This is the photoelectric effect, a cornerstone of our understanding of light as a particle. When we discuss to the particle nature of light, we refer to light particles as “photons.” The use of photons to generate an electric signal is used in light-activated circuits and in the soundtrack strip of cinematic films. It was Einstein’s explanation of the photoelectric effect, not his work on relativity, that was honored in his Nobel Prize.
Procedure
PART A: EXPLORATION
Step 1: Open the simulation. It runs in Java so if you have problems open it in another browser. If there are still problems make sure Java is installed. Get it running somehow. Set the metal to Sodium and the wavelength to 400 nm. In the Options menu, select “Show photons.”
Step 2: Slowly move the intensity slider from 0% to 100% and observe the photoelectric effect. The electrons emitted from the metal are called “photoelectrons.” They have the same mass and charge as any other electron.
Step 3: Move the wavelength selector back and forth and observe the results. Try changing the intensity at various wavelengths to see what effect that has.
Step 4: Carefully find the threshold wavelength for sodium. What is the wavelength of the lowest energy light at which electrons are emitted?
Threshold wavelength = ____________________ nm
Step 5: Use the threshold wavelength ( λ0) to calculate the threshold frequency (f0). Show the calculation and solution.
Step 6: Use the threshold frequency (f0) to calculate the work function of sodium. Show the calculation and solution.
Step 7: Set the wavelength to 400 nm and intensity to 100%. Notice the value of the current in the circuit. Adjust the setting on the battery to cut off the current. That is, set the voltage so that the current is just barely brought to zero. cut-off potential at 400 nm = ________________ volts
Step 8: Change the wavelength by 100 nm in such a way that there is once again current. wavelength = ____________________ nm
PART B: PHOTOCIRCUIT EXPERIMENT
Step 1: Switch the metal to zinc.
Step 2: Find the threshold frequency and the work function for zinc. Record your data and calculations in the space below.
Step 3: From the “threshold frequency arrangement,” set the wavelength to a smaller value by no fewer than 20 nm and no more than 40 nm. Record the new wavelength.
Step 4: Adjust the stopping potential of the battery so that it just barely stops the current. Notice that there are two methods for adjusting the potential. Use the method that allows for greater precision. When the condition is met, electrons are ejected from the zinc and almost make it to the opposite electrode. But they return to the zinc, and the current remains zero. Record the minimum stopping potential for this wavelength.
Step 5: Repeat the process of reducing the wavelength by 20—40 nm and changing the stopping potential. Mix it up a bit! Record the wavelength.
Step 6: Repeat until you have four data sets.
Step 7: Make an appropriate data table in the spreadsheet software (Excel). Include wavelength λ, stopping potential V, incident photon energy E, and ejected photoelectron energy KE.
Step 8: Make a graph of photoelectron energy vs. incident light frequency.
Step 9: How can the graph be used to determine the value of the work function?
Step 10: What is the slope of the plotted data? What is the value (including units), and what does it mean?
PART C: CALCIUM
Step 1: Change the metal to calcium.
Step 2: Repeat the photo circuit experiment.
Step 3: What are the similarities and differences for the calcium results compared to the zinc results?
GOING FURTHER: MYSTERY METAL
What is the metal labeled “?????”? Describe the method used, record appropriate data, and show calculations.
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