Create a short story about two objects in space (could be an astronaut, spaceship, comet, planet, etc). Using the law of gravitation determine the value of the force of the gravitational attraction between them. The variables are explained in lesson 7 and the law of gravitation formula is F = G m1m2/d2
There are many household devices that manipulate light, and one of the most familiar is a magnifying glass. A magnifying glass bends light rays toward one another as they pass through it. In this chapter, we’ll see how a simple converging lens of this sort can magnify an object or cast its image onto a light-sensitive surface. For the moment, we’ll use it to cast the image of a window onto a wall.
Take a magnifying glass to a room with a bright window and turn off the lights. Hold the magnifying glass near the wall opposite the window and move the glass toward or away from the wall until you see a window-shaped pattern of light appear on the wall. Once that pattern is visible, carefully adjust the magnifying glass’s orientation and distance from the wall to obtain the sharpest image of the window. You’ll probably also see images of objects outside that window, but you’ll have to move the magnifying glass to sharpen those images.
1.Which way did you move the glass to get it to focus, and why can’t all the images be sharp at the same time?
2.You can project images of other brightly illuminated objects on a sheet of white paper. What features of the lens determine the sizes of those images?
3.What determines their orientations?
4.Block part of the lens, and notice how it affects the images.
5.Try to form images of objects at different distances from you. Do they all form images simultaneously, or do you have to adjust the lens somehow to bring each image into sharp focus?
6.If you had a larger magnifying glass, how would this change what you see?
7.Name two examples from your personal daily life where you see a phenomenon like this. Please try not to give standard examples as given in the textbook but make it a personal challenge to discover new examples in your daily life!
Lab 2: Experiment:
We see light because it stimulates cells in our eyes. This stimulation is an example of light’s ability to influence chemistry. And because our eyes are able to distinguish among the different wavelengths of light, we perceive colors. Sunlight normally appears uncolored because it contains a rich mixture of wavelengths that our eyes interpret as whiteness. However, there are situations in which sunlight becomes separated into its constituent colors.
You can observe this separation of colors by looking at sunlight passing through a cut crystal glass or bowl, or by reflecting sunlight from a CD or DVD. Hold the object in direct sunlight and observe the light that it redirects toward your eyes or projects onto a white sheet of paper nearby. While some of the light you see will still be white, you should see colors as well.
A piston/cylinder contains carbon dioxide at 300 kPa, 100°C with a volume of 0.2 m^3. Weights are added at such a rate that the gas compresses according to the relation PV^1.2 = constant to a final temperature of 200°C. Find the work done during the process.
A cylinder/piston contains 1kg methane gas at 100 kPa, 20°C. The gas is compressed reversibly to a pressure of 800 kPa. What is the work required if the process is isothermal?
At 15°C, a steel pot with a 5 mm thick bottom is filled with liquid water . The pot has a 10 cm radius and is now placed on a stove with a heat transmission of 250 W. Calculate the temperature on the bottom of the outer pot assuming the inner surface is 15°C.
A refrigerator with a 2 kW motor for powering the compressor gives 6000 kJ of cooling to the refrigerated space during 30 minutes of operation in a thermally insulated kitchen. Calculate the change in internal energy of the kitchen if the condenser coil behind the refrigerator rejects 8000 kJ of heat to the kitchen over the same time period.
When the diver is 8 meters below the surface, the pressure gauge on his air tank reads 60 kPa. The gauge pressure will be 0 at what depth?
At 100°C, a sealed rigid vessel with a volume of 1 m3 and 2 kg of water has a volume of 1 m3. The vessel has now been warmed up. What pressure should a safety pressure valve be adjusted to achieve a maximum temperature of 200°C if one is installed?
If a piston/cylinder with a cross-sectional size of 0.01 m2 is resting on the stops, what should the water pressure be to lift the piston with an outside pressure of 100 kPa?
In Lecture 11, we analyzed non degenerate optical parametric amplication (NOPA) under the undepleted-pump approximation and assuming no linear loss for all light waves involved. In practice, however, the linear losses could be significant.
Let Γs and Γi be the linear loss coefficients per unit length for the signal and the idler waves, respectively, write down the equations of motion for the signal and idler waves undergoing NOPA, assuming un depleted pump and phase matching (10 pts).
When there is no idler input, solve the NOPA dynamics for Γi =0 and the limiting cases of (i) Γs being very small (meaning the loss occurs at a speed much lower than the nonlinear process does); (ii) Γs is predominantly large. Based on your results, give a rough estimate on how large Γs can be for the signal’s parametric gain to be greater than 1 (20 pts).
In class, we have shown that the parametric gains for the signal wave, g, and the idler wave, g′, satisfy g′ =g−1, when the two waves are degenerate in frequency and are not subject to any linear loss. Does this relation still hold for Γs ≠0? Why?
When there is no idler input, solve the NOPA dynamics for Γs =0 and in the limit of Γi being predominantly large. In this case, can a large parametric gain be obtained for the signal? [Hint, by working out this problem, you have sailed into the wonderland of quantum Zeno effect. For an example of quantum Zeno effect in nonlinear optics, refer to Phys. Rev. A 82, 063826 (2010)] (20 points)
Problem 2 (40 pts):
In lecture 14, we studied propagation of a monochromatic wave in an isotropic nonlinear medium, where we derived the nonlinear refractive indices for left and right circularly polarizations.
(a) Derive nonlinear refractive indices for the two orthogonal linear polarizations .
(b) From your result, will a linearly polarized input wave experience rotation of polarization? Why? How about an initially elliptically polarized wave?
Question 1 (3 points)
Use Newton’s second law of motion to solve the following problems.
Question 2 (1 point)
A mountain lion has a mass of 65 kg. What is the weight of the mountain lion, in newtons? (1 point)
Question 3 (1 point)
A car of mass 1500 kg drives in a circle with a constant speed of 18 m/s. What is the radius of the circle if the centripetal force on the car is 3313.6 N? (1 point)
Question 4 (5 points)
Dave and Alex push on opposite ends of a car that has a mass of 875 kg. Dave pushes the car to the right with a force of 250 N, and Alex pushes to the left with a force of 315 N. Assume there is no friction.
Question 5 (5 points)
A water-skier is pulled behind a boat by a rope that is at an angle of 13° and has a tension of 490 N. The water-skier has a mass of 49 kg.
Question 6 (5 points)
Your dog sleeps on the floor. He has a mass of 14 kg. The coefficient of static friction between him and the floor is 0.3, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25.
Question 7 (5 points)
Blaine steps onto a ski slope with an angle of 25°. There is a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.15 between him and the ground. He has a mass of 65 kg.
A treatment consists of 46 Gy delivered in 23 daily fractions followed by a boost of 1.6 Gy per fraction delivered daily.
How many 1.6 Gy fractions are required if the net effect is to be equivalent to 70 Gy delivered in 35 fractions? Take alpha/beta= 3Gy
Astrology makes much of the position of the planets at the moment of one’s birth. The only known force a planet exerts on Earth is gravitational.
(a) Calculate the gravitational force (in N) exerted on a 2.98 kg baby by a 102 kg father 0.250 m away at birth (he is assisting, so he is close to the child). (Enter the magnitude.)
(b) Calculate the force (in N) on the baby due to Jupiter if it is at its closest distance to Earth, some 6.29 ✕✕ 10 m away. (Enter the magnitude.)
How does the force of Jupiter on the baby compare to the force of the father on the baby? Other objects in the room and the hospital building also exert similar gravitational forces. (Of course, there could be an unknown force acting, but scientists first need to be convinced that there is even an effect, much less that an unknown force causes it.)
Additional Materials Reading
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A 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences profound vasodilation.
Be detailed in your explanation and support your answer with facts from your textbook, research, and articles from scholarly journals. In addition, remember to add references in APA format to your posts to avoid plagiarism.
In this lab, you will investigate the relationships among voltage, current, and resistance in series and parallel circuits.
Procedure
Part 1: Series Circuit with Two Resistors, Designed in Terms of Resistance
Using the flash animation available on the launch page of the lab activity, construct a series circuit according to the specifications. Represent your circuit on graph paper, labeling each element in the circuit. Calculate the current through and voltage drop across each resistor, and record in data table 1.
Be sure to show all your work, particularly for odd-numbered questions. If you end up looking at a solution please cite the source of your information.
15 – 6: A cord of mass 0.65 𝑘𝑔 is stretched between two supports 7.2 𝑚 apart. If the tension in the cord is 120 𝑁, how much time will it take a pulse to travel from one support to the other?
15 – 31: A sinusoidal wave traveling on a cord in the negative 𝑥 direction has amplitude 1.00 𝑐𝑚, wavelength 3.00 𝑐𝑚, and frequency 245 𝐻𝑧. At 𝑡 = 0, the particle of string at 𝑥 = 0 is displaced a distance 𝐷 = 0.80 𝑐𝑚 above the origin and is moving upward.
16 – 75: A motion sensor can accurately measure the distance 𝑑 to an object repeatedly via the sonar technique used in Example 16 – 2. A short ultrasonic pulse is emitted and reflects from any object it encounters, creating echo pulses upon their arrival back at the senor. The sensor measures the time interval 𝑡 between the emission of the original pulse and the arrival of the first echo.
There is an optional bonus question on the next page.
Optional Bonus Question: Show by direct substitution that the following functions satisfy the wave equation:
Hint: See example 15-17.
With partial derivatives you treat the variables that you are NOT differentiating
with respect to as if they are constants. For example:
𝜕
𝜕𝑡 [3𝑥𝑡2 + 2𝑥] = 6𝑥𝑡 + 0
𝜕
𝜕𝑥 [3𝑥𝑡2 + 2𝑥] = 3𝑡2 + 2
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