Discuss how, by today’s standard, these ethical principles were violated.

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The objective of Assignment 2 is to familiarize you with the ethical principles that apply to research in psychology involving humans.
Procedure

Select one of the following classic studies in psychology.Review Chapter 3 of the e-text and Unit 4 of the Study Guide, which discusses the ethical principles in psychological research.
Select the following classic studies in psychology.

Read the article carefully, paying special attention to any ethical issues. Note that these studies were conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, before strict ethical guidelines were developed for psychological research.

Write a paper (3 to 5 pages, double-spaced) that addresses the following: Identify and describe briefly two ethical issues in this classic study. Discuss how, by today’s standard, these ethical principles were violated. These ethical principles can be based on the APA code (as described in the textbook) or the CPA code (as described in Unit 4 of the Study Guide).

Suggest changes to research procedures that could be implemented to alleviate these ethical concerns.

In your opinion, do the benefits of this study outweigh the costs?  Give reasons for your answer.

Identify and briefly discuss the four events that are typically associated with the development of hate crimes.

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• Read the book file

Answer the question in the module 11 template doc file. No need to write in essay form just short answer but thoroughly.

1. Describe the term “resilience Identify and briefly discuss the four events that are typically associated with the development of hate crimes..” Why, in your opinion, do some children thrive in the face of adversity and others do not? Identify (in your opinion) 3 key factors that help children to thrive in challenging environments (you may want to review three factors of protective features on pages 324-325):

2. Describe Michael Rutter’s (1994) concept of “event chains” – how does this concept relate to stressful events and resiliency? How might a parent’s divorce create a sequence of events (event chains) influencing a child’s life?

3. Identify and describe the 5 key factors that have been critical in helping to establish resiliency among children who live in “toxic” environments (page 334; Jarrett, 1995). Can you think of any additional factors?:

4. Discuss the term “authoritative parenting” (page 337) – What type of parenting style were you raised with and what type is most effective for children in your opinion?

5. Gender has been identified as a factor in resiliency (page 340). Boys seem to be more vulnerable to marital conflict (less resilience) than girls. Why do you feel that boys are more at risk to stressful environments? Comment on the study by Fagot (1978) and Heatherington (1979)

6. Briefly review chapter 11 and discuss how hate crimes have increased in our society within the last 30 years (review the incidents described on pages 147 – 148). In your opinion, can hate crimes against persons who are simply different from us based on ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation ever be stopped?

7. Identify and briefly discuss the four events that are typically associated with the development of hate crimes.

8. Identify and briefly discuss the 4 methods in which hate crimes are learned:

9. Identify and describe the 3 key elements that are necessary to prevent hate crimes from continuing:

Discuss how “proximity” and “repeated exposure” are two critical elements that facilitate how groups interact. Be sure to briefly discuss Zajonc’s (1968) findings:

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• Read the book file

1. Discuss how neighborhoods can revitalize themselves to become vibrant and healthy for the residents living in those communities.

Describe one very successful program – the Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative – what were some of the things done to make this program so successful?

2. Describe Zimmerman’s (2000) three components of empowerment (page 282) – provide examples of each:

3. Identify the 4 different types of resources as described by Hobfoll (1988)

4. Part of the problem in many communities is the fair distribution of resources that are often based on a zero-sum approach. Katz (1984) describes competition developing from scarcity paradigms, where resources are considered limited. Katz describes two different cultures that embrace a synergy paradigm. Discuss what a synergy paradigm means (page 283) and how the !Kung of the Kalahari Desert and the rural peoples of Fiji Islands distribute their resources:

Discuss the term “possible selves” – what some examples of “positive” possible selves and negative possible selves? How might possible selves enhance the development of empowerment to people living in oppressed society (page 290)

Hoffman Text: The Paradox of Maintaining Ethnic & Cultural Identity and Assimilating in the Dominant Group

6. Briefly discuss the problems that many new immigrant groups face when they arrive to a new location – describe the findings of Hodson and Sorrentino (2001). How might some new immigrant groups facilitate the process of assimilation?

7. Discuss the term “collective self-efficacy” and how this concept may facilitate assimilation among ethnically diverse communities:

8. Discuss how “proximity” and “repeated exposure” are two critical elements that facilitate how groups interact. Be sure to briefly discuss Zajonc’s (1968) findings:

9. Identify and discuss four techniques that may promote cultural identity and assimilation (see pages 144 – 146):

What were the operational definitions of the variables studied (e.g., how was each variable or procedure specifically defined so that it could be studied)?

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1. Write the reference (author, etc.) for this article in APA style (use format from the APA manual). Be very careful to use lower case letters in the title of the article; only capitalize the first letter of the title and the first letter of the subtitle if there is one (if there is a subtitle it comes after a colon : ). Use italics only for the journal title.

2. Write an “overview” or brief summary of the article. Indicate your assessment of what the study is about and the major findings of the study.

3. According to the introduction, what information was already known about the topic (look for references to previous research)? Did the author(s) describe the problem being studied? Did they present sufficient background literature to allow you to understand the problem better?

4. What variables (e.g. the dependent and independent variables) were studied? What were the hypotheses concerning these variables?

5. What were the operational definitions of the variables studied (e.g., how was each variable or procedure specifically defined so that it could be studied)?

6. Who were the participants in this study? Present any special participant characteristics (race, education status, etc.)?

7. What were the procedures used to test the hypotheses? Were the procedures in the method section detailed enough so that you could complete the study on your own?

8. What were the major results of the study? Were the results consistent with the hypotheses?

9.  Describe exactly how the authors list their statistical findings (e.g. t=3.26, p< .01) for the results you described in Question 8. Do not just list the statistic, tell me what the statistic represents.

10. How do the results relate to the other studies cited in the introduction? (Researchers usually include this when the results supported the hypothesis.)

11. What was the researchers’ explanation for the pattern of results they found? (Researchers usually include this when the results do not support the hypothesis, but this article also includes explanation for the pattern of results.) Can you think of alternative interpretations? – Be sure to answer both questions. Please note, “no I cannot think of any alternative interpretations” is not a response.

12. Present all of the study limitations the authors noted.

13. Present all of the future research suggestions the authors suggested. Can you provide other suggestions?

14. How did the researcher practically apply the results? Explain what the researcher(s) said they could do with these results. How are they looking at the bigger picture?

Produce a poster using PowerPoint that critically evaluates the statement “older adults are better at regulating their emotions”.

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Produce a poster using PowerPoint that critically evaluates the statement “older adults are better at regulating their emotions”.

Your arguments must be supported by scientific research and citations.

Describe the importance of genuineness being present in the counselor. How can a counselor maintain this quality with clients they may disagree with?

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Write a 1,000-1,500-word analysis of person-centered counseling which fully explores the following categories:

What makes person-centered counseling an effective approach for clients with a wide range of presenting issues?

Describe the importance of genuineness being present in the counselor. How can a counselor maintain this quality with clients they may disagree with?

From a person-centered perspective, describe the role of empathy in assisting clients through a successful therapy process. How would a counselor balance the necessity of holding clients accountable with certain issues while still aiming to present a feeling of empathy during their interactions?

What is unconditional positive regard, and why is it important to the therapeutic environment? What are some strategies a counselor can use to help show this quality in their work with their clients?

How have person-centered therapy qualities helped to form key principles of the ACA Code of Ethics? Provide three examples in your discussion.

In what ways do the early psychological schools continue to influence psychology to this days?

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In what ways do the early psychological schools continue to influence psychology to this days?

Watson and Skinner argued that psychologists should limit themselves to things that can be observed, and formulate laws concerning only the things

Describe how the task used in the present study allows the investigation of hemispheric asymmetry.

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Basically, we want a hypothesis that states a negative or positive correlation between hemispheric asymmetric and ageing based on the literature.

The literature should be a mix of positive or negative correlation and then came out with a hypothesis and says why I remain with that.

At the end of the discussion part, you just need to confirm or reject the hypothesis and related to the previous literature. Include study limitations and future improvements. You What is hemispheric asymmetry and how it is observed in the visual system

• Describe how the task used in the present study allows the investigation of hemispheric asymmetry

• What new knowledge does this study bring and why is it worth presenting? How is it different from what previous experiments used to investigate hemispheric asymmetry and age?

Identify specific ways that the theory might be applied to the client situation, including

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Instructions:

Continuation of prior assignment. Selected film for case study When a Man Loves a Woman

First Theory: Narrative Theory
Second Theory : Family Emotional Systems Theory and Trauma Theory

Instructions:

Client Information
Briefly re-introduce your client from Assignment 2. This is the same client that you did your case presentation but now you are writing up including client information (Give a pseudonym for the client and demographic information such as age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, marital/relationship status, living situation etc.). Consider integrating and information that may be relevant from classmate comments/question on your Assignment 2 recorded presentation.

Theory 1 (Use theory name as heading)

Clearly describe the major concepts of the theory, using citations to support the information you provide
Identify specific ways that the theory might be applied to the client situation, including the focus of the assessment and intervention,goals or outcomes suggested by the theory,worker behaviors and techniques,how client preferences (e.g. what the client responds to best) and diversity issues,practice context (e.g. the type of practice setting) ethical issues are handled, using citations to support the information you provide
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each theoretical approach in relation to the case
Identify which theory you think is a better choice for your specific client case.
State your rationale for your choice of theory, using citations to support your decision. Include at least 3 pieces of evidence (facts or examples) that support your decision to choose this theory.
If you decide that a combination of the two theories best suits your case, provide information, using citations to support your decision, on how you would combine the two theories or approaches. Include at least 3 pieces of evidence (facts or examples) that support your decision to combine the approaches.

You may find it helpful to look at the grading rubric before you approach this assignment as well as before you turn your work in.

Length: Up to 15 pages, not including references.

Required citations: Three citations are required (e.g., the Walsh text and a minimum of two other applicable references or readings related to the client population or the theory being applied).

Style: APA style is required for this paper, including a cover page, page numbers, 1” margins, double-spacing, 12-point Times New Roman or Arial font, and a references section with properly formatted references.

Format: Use the same case used in Assignment 2 and add an additional theory. Use the below format for your paper. Please include the same headings or something similar.

 

What is the difference between the two groups? Provide at least two examples of primary reinforcers and secondary reinforcers.

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Essay must be about the following topic:

Compare and contrast primary reinforcement with secondary reinforcement. What is the difference between the two groups? Provide at least two examples of primary reinforcers and secondary reinforcers.