While men and women differ in their biological makeup, do they also differ in their personalities? For this discussion, explain how differences in gender influence one’s personality. Use at least one behaviorist theory from the course readings to support your perspective.
How might an environment different from the one you experienced have affected the development of personality characteristics that you believe you inherited from one or both of your parents? You may answer the question by writing a paragraph in response to it in the space below.
Personality can and has been defined in a myriad of ways. In preparation for delving into the topic of personality assessment address the following questions:
Why measure personality?
How do you define personality?
Which famous person is an example of someone with a “good personality”?
Who has a “bad personality”?
What are five personality traits that are affected by culture?
The Dopamine Pathway
In Unit 8 you learned about the neural control of emotion and the reward system in the brain. As part of your readings for Unit 8, you were introduced to the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and how the dopamine pathway is involved in behavioral motivation and reward. For this discussion, you will need to find an article in the library discussing the role of the dopamine pathway in the regulation of behavior. Summarize the main points from the article you find, and address the following as part of your post:
How might the dopamine pathway be implicated in behavioral problems?
What role does the dopamine pathway play in emotion?
How do you think knowledge of the dopamine pathway could be used to help someone with a problem involving compulsive behavior?
As a counsellor, you are to create a case study and choose an issue commonly faced by an adolescent of 15 years of age. For example, an issue may be one of the following or something else that you and your lecturer agree upon. For example, issues could include gaming addiction, gambling, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, relationship issues, family violence/dysfunction, teen pregnancy, poor academic achievement, sexual identity, online bullying, social anxiety, and depression and so on.(4000 words). I provide the case study story my self so you can put it as introduction .
Pharmacotherapy and pharmacokinetics are important terms to understand.
Define in your words these two terms (Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacokinetics). Make sure to also define absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion when you define pharmacokinetics.
Lastly, discuss what role a professional mental health counselor should play in the compliance and adherence of their clients who are currently on psychotropic medication.
For this week’s discussion, complete these tasks:
Explain three circumstances where a researcher would choose a longitudinal study over a cross-sectional study.
Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study, giving examples of each.
Then, provide a specific example of a question that could be addressed with a longitudinal study and explain why that developmental design is preferred.
Please address the following questions in your initial post:
If you have taken a statistics course, you likely learned about between-group and within-group variability. (If you haven’t taken one, don’t panic; you will be able to answer the question without having a statistical background.) Thinking about cultural and individual differences in some of the main concepts in positive psychology (happiness, values, strengths, meaning of life, etc.), do you predict that there is greater between-group or within-group variability? In other words, do you think there is more variation among cultures or among individuals within the same culture?
Which areas of positive psychology, if any, do you think are culture free? (In other words, are there concepts in positive psychology that are universal?) We’ve explored how most concepts in the field are culturally embedded. Which constructs (happiness, values, character strengths, and/or the meaning of life) do you think are most influenced by cultural factors? Is there any research to support your hypothesis?
Think about how your own culture has affected your perception of positive psychology concepts. In the next lesson, we will be exploring the concepts of pleasure and happiness. How do you think your own culture has influenced the things/activities that make you happy, as well as the time and effort you devote to pursuing happiness? In the second half of the course, we will discuss values, character strengths, and the meaning of life. Has your culture affected any of your beliefs in these areas? How so?
Find a classmate’s post that is most dissimilar to yours (i.e., the findings most inconsistent with yours from either Question 1 or 2). Comment on his or her post. Attempt to resolve the inconsistencies with well-supported persuasion: What might account for the discrepancies? The goal of this task is not to turn the discussion into a heated argument (you should not being using such phrases as You are wrong because…); rather, it is an opportunity to work on your persuasion skills and demonstrate your ability to digest research (you should be using such phrases as While I can see how you came to the conclusion that X, research by Y suggests that
After reviewing the case below, choose two perspectives (neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive, psychodynamic or behavioral) to create a short dialogue between two psychologists discussing Sara’s behavior. Feel free to be creative in your dialogue! Define your two chosen perspectives and briefly discuss the differences of each approach. What was one missing in your dialogue from the case that the other helped to explain?
For example, what would a psychodynamic psychologist say about Sara’s behavior versus a cognitive psychologist? Your dialogue might look something like this:
Psychodynamic Psychologist: Sara seems to be exhibiting these behaviors as a result of unconscious thoughts and conflicts she may not be aware of.
Cognitive Psychologist: That could be true! But I think a possible cause of Sara’s anxiety could stem from the way she thinks about the world around her. Her thinking is distorted and we should work to change that.
Psychodynamic Psychologist: Hmm… Sara’s parents did get a divorce when she was in high school, she could have possibly repressed those feelings that are now coming to the surface from her own recent divorce.
Cognitive Psychologist: Yes, but we are still not getting at the root of the way she thinks and processes information. She excessively worries about everything, not just her parent’s divorce and her own.
Case
Sara is 35 year-old woman currently struggling with increasing pressure at work and a recent divorce among many other things in her life. At the urging of her friends and family, she sought counseling and was diagnosed with Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Sara has a tendency to worry excessively about her children, money, friends, cat, and just about everything else where other people might not find a reason to worry. At work, she has trouble concentrating and is finding it difficult to perform at her best. Her boss is putting more pressure on her to perform better and meet sales goals for the quarter. In general, Sara feels like she is often on edge, tense, exhausted and is very irritable, which has impacted her everyday life. The amount of stress and anxiety Sara is experiencing in her life is also contributing to her depression. She feels as though she is in a vicious cycle she can’t escape.
When Sara was in middle school, her parents argued a lot and she often heard them talking about divorce. In high school, Sara’s parents finally followed through and divorced, which made Sara feel very alone and not in control of her own life. She said that she still feels that she is not in control, worries often, and can’t control how she feels, despite her attempts.
Be sure to make connections between your ideas and conclusions and the research, concepts, terms, and theory we are discussing this week.
Follow-Up Post Instructions
Write one page for the discussion
Discussion: We learned in chapter 2 that epidemiologists can be thought of as medical detectives who determine the origins of disease by examining the earliest known human who was infected and the agent causing the infection. Consider the case of Gaetan Dugas, “Patient Zero” who was identified as a key figure initiating the spread of the HIV virus in the gay community in the US. In 1982, the CDC tracked down Dugas, who was a French-Canadian flight attendant. His travel patterns and multiple partners allowed him to spread the virus to a large number of people very quickly. By the time he learned he was contagious, he had been carrying the HIV virus for two years. After interviewing Dugas and obtaining the names of his sexual partners, CDC researchers were able track the spread of a large number of cases of HIV in the San Francisco and New York City gay communities. Dugas died in 1984, after having AIDS for 4 years. He did not stop having sex, even after knowing he was contagious with a deadly disease.
(Source: Shiltz, R. (1987) And the band played on: Politics, people, and the AIDS epidemic. NY: St. Martin’s Press.)
Once an individual is identified as carrying an infectious disease that seems to be rapidly spreading and life-threatening, how does one balance individual freedom with protection of the community? Compare this example to other recent outbreaks, such as the H1N1 virus (“swine flu”) and the case of Andrew Speaker who had drug resistant tuberculosis and traveled internationally by plane in 2007 before being detained (See Chapter 3). Consider also how during the 19th and 20th centuries, outbreaks of tuberculosis led to many states and communities in the US requiring people to be quarantined in sanatoriums. (See Chapter 3). When it is unclear how dangerous an illness may be, how quickly should health officials step in with preventive measures (e.g., mandatory vaccines, quarantines)?
Weekly Reflection Paper: Read both of the powerpoint and write a one-page double spaced reflection paper based upon weekly reading assignments and discussions
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