Select a film that depicts domestic violence. After you have selected a film, television show, or movie, identify one character (victim of domestic violence) who will be the focus of your paper.

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Domestic Violence

1. Select a film that depicts domestic violence. Alternatively, you may select a book or television show instead of a movie. Regardless of the medium of choice, it cannot be older than 5 years. For example, Enough (2002) came out in 2002 – this is too old. Your medium must have come out in 2015 or after.

2. After you have selected a film, television show, or movie, identify one character (victim of domestic violence) who will be the focus of your paper.

Discuss the biomedical model. In your answer, outline how Health Administrators can make good use of the Biomedical Model in their day-to-day activities.

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Essay paper

Discuss the biomedical model. In your answer, outline how Health Administrators can make good use of the Biomedical Model in their day-to-day activities.

 

Discuss the steps you would take to ensure you meet the ethical standards of research and assessment described in the APA Ethics Code. Evaluate any ethical, legal, individual, and socio-cultural issues that may arise in your study and how you might address these.

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Methods and Measures

Hypothesis:

Children who have had adverse childhood experiences are less likely to maintain positive relationships in adulthood.
Describe your measures.
Describe the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire (e.g., name, constructs measured, number of items, type of items, reliability, and validity evidence). And the Childhood Experiences Scale (CES;

Aldwin, Levenson, Cupertino, & Spiro, 1998). Explain how you will use each measure in this study.

 

Step-by-Step Instructions

  • Review the following resources before starting this assignment.
  • Describe your measures.
    • Determine which variables you will need to measure in your proposed study.
    • Visit the Mental Measurements yearbook and identify appropriate measures for each variable you must measure. Review the options available in the database to determine the most appropriate measure for each variable.
    • Describe each measure (e.g., name, constructs measured, number of items, type of items, reliability, and validity evidence). Explain how you will use each measure in your study.
  • Describe your materials and settings. Describe any materials that you would use in the proposed study. Examples of materials that a research study might require include stickers provided for reinforcement, electronic devices that are part of an intervention or observation tool, props, or other items required to conduct the study. You do not need to repeat the information about your measures in the materials section. Describe your research setting, such as the physical environment where you will collect data.
  • Describe your research procedures. Provide a step-by-step description of what your study would entail. What will participants do from start to finish in your study? Be as specific and detailed as possible to ensure that another researcher could follow your method section and conduct the study.
    • Discuss the informed consent procedures.
    • Provide a step-by-step description of what your study would entail.
  • Provide an evaluation of the ethical, legal, individual, and socio-cultural considerations involved in your proposed study.
    • Review the APA Ethics Code, paying close attention to Sections A and B, to prepare for this part of the assignment. If applicable, review any other codes of ethics that may be relevant to your proposed study.
    • Discuss the steps you would take to ensure you meet the ethical standards of research and assessment described in the APA Ethics Code.
    • Evaluate any ethical, legal, individual, and socio-cultural issues that may arise in your study and how you might address these.

Describe each measure (e.g., name, constructs measured, number of items, type of items, reliability, and validity evidence). Explain how you will use each measure in your study.

Materials and Setting

Describe any materials that you would use in the proposed study. Examples of materials that a research study might require include stickers provided for reinforcement, electronic devices that are part of an intervention or observation tool, props, or other items that may be required to conduct the study. You do not need to repeat the information about your measures in the materials section. Describe your research setting, such as the physical environment where you will collect data.

Procedures

Provide a step-by-step description of what your study would entail. What will participants do from start to finish in your study? Be as specific and detailed as possible to ensure that another researcher could follow your method section and conduct the study.

Ethical, Legal, Individual, and Socio-Cultural Considerations

Discuss the steps would you take to ensure you meet the ethical standards of research described in the APA Ethics Code. Evaluate the ethical, legal, individual, and socio-cultural issues that may arise in your study and how you might address these.

References

Include a reference list as needed.

 

 

Describe the construct/variable that the questionnaire measures. Summarize the features of the measure. Summarize information provided regarding the validity and reliability of the measure.

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Research Measures

Hypothesis: Children who have had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to have poor health outcomes as adults.

Measure: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire is a 10 question assessment that measures different types of abuse, neglect, and other hallmarks of a rough childhood. According to the Adverse Childhood Experiences study, the rougher your childhood, the higher your score is likely to be and the higher your risk for later health problems.

Summarize the characteristics Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire
Be sure to address the following in your description:
* Describe the construct/variable that the questionnaire measures.
* Summarize the features of the measure (e.g., number and type of items).
* Summarize information provided regarding the validity and reliability of the measure.
* Explain how you would use the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire in your research about childhood trauma and adult relationships.

Briefly describe the author’s credentials, the scope of the study, the methodology, and findings of the piece. What insights did you glean from this study about the information behaviors of your community?

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Blog 4 child abuse (The Involvement of Clinical Psychologists in Child Protection Work)

Child Abuse Review Vol. 22: 367–376 (2013)

Summarize one of the peer-reviewed studies relating to the information behaviors of your information community you have found.

Briefly describe the author’s credentials, the scope of the study, the methodology, and findings of the piece. What insights did you glean from this study about the information behaviors of your community?

Choose a peer-reviewed study that focuses on your community’s information behaviors or practice. Do not choose a column or essay that may have also gone through peer review, but a research study with a literature review, methodology, findings, etc. If you need a refresher, Module 2 covered scholarly, peer-reviewed literature.

Craft your post using the following template:

Citation in APA 7 format

Summary of the article that includes author credentials, the scope of the study, the methodology used, and an overview of the findings. This might be one or two paragraphs.

Then, write a paragraph or two that explores how the article informs what you know about your chosen community. What connections do you see to the course readings?  What further insights has this article sparked? What might you include in your literature review section of your research paper to highlight this study?

References in APA 7 format

Cite other course resources or your own independent research as needed.

Take a look at the Post #4 samples for each of the Assignment Synthesis Examples.

 

Develop a problem statement for this query using a phenomenological design. What would be the purpose of the study? What research questions would you ask? Justify each response in reference to the nature of phenomenological inquiry design.

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Discussion post

Answer ALL of the following and provide in-text citation from a PEER-REVIEWED source only:

Imagine you are serving on the board of a for-profit educational services company. Staff communicate to the board their concerns about the transition from foster care to independence for young adults who have reached the age of 18. These individuals are no longer eligible to be in the foster care system. Of particular concern is their self-esteem through this transition. There is extensive quantitative research in the scholarly literature regarding the function of self-esteem in such a transition, but a dearth of qualitative research on the topic.

You want to assist staff in providing adequate support for this client population by commissioning an internal qualitative study to better understand the phenomenon and improve their transitions.

Develop a problem statement for this query using a phenomenological design. What would be the purpose of the study?

What research questions would you ask? Justify each response in reference to the nature of phenomenological inquiry design.

 

Respond to the Instructor AND two peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts.

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PEER REVIEW: Research History & Developing a Research Question

Respond to the Instructor AND two peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply must be constructive and use peer reviewed sources where possible.

INSTRUCTOR (100 word min)

1 – Thank you for your post on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-1972). I think you chose an important study for the ethics of research! What I think is especially interesting is that we are still impacted negatively by this research today, and I think COVID actually brought this to the attention of the African American population. What are your thoughts about this?

2 – If we look at what research ethic standards see as vulnerable populations, racial and ethnic minorities can be considered vulnerable. I think the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-1972) study made it very clear as to why that particular population was considered vulnerable. What are your thoughts about this?

 

PEER #1 – James, Samantha (reply must be 100 word minimum + one academic source)

Milgram Study

The Milgram research study is one example of a study that has had an impact on current research laws and ethics used. In this study, Stanley Milgram “…wanted to investigate whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures as this was a common explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II.” (McLeod, 2017). He wanted to test just how far a person would go to obey instructions that caused harm to other people. Milgram designed the study so that one person would be a teacher (participant) and another would be the learner. The teacher tested the learner on a list of word pairs they were given to memorize and if the learner got something wrong, the teacher was told to administer an electric shock. With each wrong answer, the voltage of the shocks was increased, and the teacher was prodded to continue. This study concluded that “…50% or more of the subjects administered the highest degree of “electric shock”, even after “the learner” began to scream or bang on the wall.” (Yanow & Schwartz-Shea, 2018). This experiment showed that people were more likely to follow and obey instructions from a person of authority.

The Milgram study was very informative because it gave the research community insight into the way people respond to authority figures. This study was deemed controversial because participants were deceived, and they were not properly informed that they were free to withdraw from the study at any time. However, Milgram determined the deception necessary to gauge how far the participants were willing to go. Had they been made aware that there was no electric shock, there would have been no consequences for their actions. Yanow and Schwartz-Shea agree that the Milgram study and its methods, “…have shaped both scholarly and regulatory conceptualizations of deception, thereby constraining understandings of ethical entailments, instrumental value, and the relationship to covert research.” (2018). Without deception, accurate results would not have been gained from this experiment. The Milgram study showed that there are levels of deception that may be necessary for research to obtain accurate results. If this deception does not cause harm to the participant or their rights are not violated, such as the right to withdraw, then the study can still be considered ethical. The Milgram study helped shape the way covert research is viewed and implemented.

 

PEER #2 – Hopkins, Kawana K (reply must be 100 word minimum + one academic source)

The Asch Conformity Study

The study that has impacted the current laws as well as ethics would The Asch Conformity Study. The results of this experiment showed how much a person’s personal opinions are influenced by those of a group. Asch discovered that people would provide a false response and overlook truth to fit in with the group. He carried out one of the most well-known laboratory studies on conformity. He was interested in determining how much social pressure from the majority could cause someone to conform. The researcher requests that each participant choose the appropriate line segment on their own. Sometimes, everyone in the group selects the right line, while other times, everyone agrees that a different line truly matches the criteria for the right answer. Each experiment involved placing a gullible student participant in a room with several additional confederates who were also participating in the experiment. The participants were informed that they were undergoing a vision exam. According to (Cherry, 2022) there were 18 trials total, and the participants responded incorrectly in 12 of them. These critical trials were conducted to determine whether the participants would alter their response to match that of the other group members. The comparison line (A, B, or C) that closely resembled the goal line had to be named aloud by each participant in the room. There was always a clear solution. The actual participant answered last and sat at the end of the line.

The impact Asch conformity study had on research was Asch used a line judgment assignment to place a gullible participant among seven accomplices/stooges in a room. Prior to being given the line challenge, the confederates had decided on their responses. There are two main reasons why people conform: a desire to fit in with the group normative influence and a conviction that the collective is more knowledgeable than they are informational influence. Although some people appreciate acceptance more than others, it is a basic human instinct to seek it out. We all desire to belong and to fit in. We frequently exhibit somewhat various versions of ourselves depending on the situation and the company we are in to do that. For work, at home, or even online, we could have different editions of ourselves. In studies done by (Bechard, 2016) everyone tries to blend in because they fervently want to feel at home no matter where they are. But trying to fit in won’t ever lead you home. Trying to fit into an environment that is different from your own involves adaptation. There, you don’t belong. Living in the world as the actual you is what belonging is all about. You will never fit in someplace you don’t belong, which is a harsh reality. Even though you don’t seem to fit in anywhere, this is what it really takes to fully belong where you are supposed to be.

Do you think “Claire” may have done outside research on her behaviors and may have taken a “self-help” assessment? How do you see or have witnessed in your experience some bias in these types of assessments?

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PEER REVIEW: The Case of Claire Standish

Response Instructions:

Reply to the instructor and the following 2 classmates with constructive feedback that identifies comments that stood out to you along with new analysis, ideas, questions, or other comments that extend their learning and yours.

INSTRUCTOR: (100 word minimum – no source required)

Thank you, Bobbie,

Your essay based on Claire Standish is spot on. I wonder if a high-school student’s response may be directed more toward their emotional response rather than a clinical definition. What do you think?

There are several online assessments for individuals who may think they have or need resources such as Eating Disorders and/or substance abuse interventions. I did a quick Google search and found this source (https://psychology-tools.com/test/eat-26). Do you think “Claire” may have done outside research on her behaviors and may have taken a “self-help” assessment? How do you see or have witnessed in your experience some bias in these types of assessments? I am interested to know.

Warmly,

Dr. K.

 

CLASSMATE #1 Anguiano, Renae J (100 word min + one academic/peer-reviewed source)

Claire’s essay on biases in assessment, the normal curve, and naturalistic observations:

No one understands me or my problems. You don’t have any idea how much pressure I am under all the time. I have always had good grades and high test scores. I am an athlete in gymnastics and cheerleading, and a leader with other students, officially in student government, and unofficially by being very popular. I have to stay fit and attractive to hold these positions. Many athletes purge to keep their weight down. As many as 62% of female athletes in college control their weight by using some kind of eating disorder-type behavior (Black et al., 2003). Many people, including my dad, think this is normal teenage behavior. Also, I feel I am being targeted because I have a few new friends. I am trying to get to know other people outside my normal circle of friends and smoking weed with them is just a way to relax. It’s perfectly harmless and I am not dependent on it. My therapist thinks I am stressed because I have the habit of picking at my eyebrows and eyelashes, yet I am targeted because I try to find ways to relax.

I’m not sure why I was given this assignment because with my background and socioeconomic status, I should do just fine on assessments of any kind, psychological, educational, or placement. Most bias is culturally, racially, or ethnically based, which does not apply to me. Construct bias has to do with misunderstanding references and definitions because they do not apply to different cultures. Method bias is caused by the instrument itself or the way the test is administered to different groups. Item bias shows up when there is a difference in language and cultural references. Predictive bias is a problem when there are different predictive results across subgroups. Based on race or language barriers, there are several reasons why bias in testing can be a problem. First, the overdiagnosis of psychiatric clients, second, college admission may be limited for some based on standardized tests, and third, denial of employment based on testing (Reynolds & Suzuki, 2012). Additionally, members of minority groups often fear testing because of the possibility of reinforcing stereotypes (Reynolds & Suzuki, 2012).

I’m pretty sure I would fall within the normal range of testing for problems and pressures of life as a teen. The normal curve or distribution is a natural phenomenon that occurs in statistics, often used in education and other assessments. It is based on a standard score from 1 to 99, with a score of 50 being the national average (Sheperis et al., 2020). Also, observing me in my natural setting of school and home, you may miss the real stresses I have of lack of attention from my parents and the pressure to excel as all my family members seem to do. The problem with naturalistic observations is that you would not be able to explain or understand why certain behaviors happen and you may be biased against me because I come from a wealthy and comfortable home (Cherry, 2022).

 

CLASSMATE #2 Goros, Jonathan A (100 word min + one academic/peer-reviewed source)

The Case of Claire Standish

The term “assessment” refers to the systemic procedure of collecting information to create inferences and/or decisions about the characteristics of an individual (Sheparis et al., 2020). The term, though seemingly broad in meaning, is the backbone of understanding various aspects of the human population under the lens of psychology. Assessments, though useful, have their inherent biases that plague each corner despite the push to eliminate these biases as much as possible. Biases within assessments include confirmation bias, in which the researcher tends to pick out information that supports their beliefs and ideas, often happening outside of the awareness of the researcher. Another bias within assessment is measurement bias, the lack of a universal and accessible assessment measurement for diverse populations, instead providing clear assessment advantages to specific populations. This all ties into the issue of examiner bias, in which assessments are, overall, limited in their ability to provide sufficient accuracy of the skills and abilities of the examinee due to gender, background, language, and other variations in the examinee compared to the examiner (Sheparis et al., 2020).

With the inclusion of the biases, there is a “normal” and the standard curve in assessments to define what information can be generalized towards a specific bell curve location after the accruing of data from large groups of test-takers. This normal creates a differentiation between what is thought to be the most “normal” of the population versus the groups who are, sadly, placed at disadvantages when assessed merely due to their “non-normal” backgrounds. Theoretically, the normal should be a bell curve of the culmination of data gathered from endless participants, but this data can be fluctuated based on the misrepresentation of those outside the norm of the examiner’s background (Jiao, 2017).

Another issue with assessments is the inclusion of naturalistic observation. Naturalistic observation, while seemingly being the most natural method of obtaining data, is perhaps the most invasive of the means of gathering data and is limited in its ability to be accurate due to the potential influence of bias on the part of the examiners. This form of data collecting can easily be influenced by outside variables outside of the assessment, such as childhood experiences and cultural differences that may be misinterpreted by examiners. This form of data gathering is also subjective to the researchers’ beliefs and ideas of what they perceive in human behavior based on their backgrounds and understanding of human interaction and reaction, thus becoming heavily influenced by biases (Kalso, 2020).

Describe the purpose, design method, and population used in the study. What is the purpose of the study and why it is a relevant extension of the literature? What is the within-subject design you are proposing? Why is it an appropriate fit?

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Translational Research Study

Beahavior of Interest- Child laying head down when presented with an assignment, escape

Provide a concise description of the historical and current literature regarding the basic principle and how it is applied to change behavior.
Make sure to discuss the gaps in the literature.
Describe the purpose, design method, and population used in the study.
What is the purpose of the study and why it is a relevant extension of the literature?
What is the within-subject design you are proposing? Why is it an appropriate fit?
How will you determine if a participant is an appropriate fit for the study? What are the inclusion and exclusion criteria?
Define the variables operationally and create the procedures so a research assistant would be able to implement the procedure after being trained.
How would you operationally define your independent and dependent variable(s)?
What procedures would you use? Be sure to provide a task analysis of how you would conduct the experiment.
Discuss the ethical considerations of the research study.
Make sure to include relevant codes from The Belmont Report as well as the BACB Ethical Code of Conduct.

Review whether the therapy would ease parent-child relationships. Is this therapy suited for people facing a developmental crisis?

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Person-Centered and Gestalt theories

The paper must be in APA style, including an abstract, reference page, and title page The 7-page paper (7 pages includes cover, abstract, and reference page). The body of the paper should be at least 5 pages identifying the primary theorists in the field, the research on the efficacy, major theoretical tenants of the theory, and major techniques used in that theory. You will need to identify the primary theorists in the field, the research on efficacy, the major theoretical tenants of the theory, and the major techniques used in that theory.

Select at least 3 techniques for your paper that you can use with the
theory. Application of the approaches for excellent subtopics and ideas for the body of your paper, such as how the theory might impact the population you are interested in working with (children/adolescent/indigenous). You might discuss what populations benefit from this type of therapy. Review whether the therapy would ease parent-child relationships. Is this therapy suited for people facing a developmental crisis? How could this theory impact people from diverse populations? Etc. Remember to keep your paper inclusive.