What do you think of Celebrity vis-a-vis Vlogger’s YouTube Channel in terms of content, prominence, and responsibility? Name one of the channels and describe your opinion on the matter.
Discuss the importance of studying constitutional law to Ghana’s development.
Part III T/F, MC SELECT THE BEST OPTION FOR All. Worth two points each
1. (T/F) Radio serves small, highly targeted audiences, which makes it an excellent advertising medium for many kinds of public relations, specialized products and services
2. A prepared handout provided to reporters in electronic form, video or on paper by an organization to summarize the “official” version of an event or situations is __________.
a. Spot news b. Continuing news c. News Release d. Developing News
3. (T/F) Professional public relations practitioners are often people whose education and perhaps prior employment has been in a field in which writing and producing other forms of messages have been major focuses.
4. (T/F) A public relations campaign is an organized way of communicating carefully designed messages with specific meanings to target audiences that are important to the client.
5. The relationship between public relations and media is_______________: that is, depends on the other.a.) symbiotic b) problematic c) entertaining e.) nonexistent
6. The practice of influencing legislators to introduce or vote for measures favorable to the interests represented is called: a. editorializing b. lobbying c. marketing d. strategizing
7.. The use of messages designed to limit the negative consequences of some kind of crisis for a client is called: a. damage control b. spin c. massage d. conceptualization
8. (T/F) The political environment of the American media has two fundamental elements; 1) A guarantee of freedom of the press is clearly embodied in the US Constitution, and 2) that freedom is not absolute.
9. (T/F) The term applied to publicly made, false, and defamatory oral statements about an individual is “libel.”
10. (T/F) The First Amendment to the US Constitution requires the press to be fair and responsible.
11. (T/F) News organizations that pay sources to give interviews are engaging in:
a. misuse of identity b. sensationalism c. exploitation d. checkbook journalism
12. . Why does slander differ from libel?
b. Slander is a type of defamation that is spoken
c. Libel is a type of defamation that is printed
e. each of the above
f. none of the above
13. (T/F) Radio, television, cinema and the Internet enjoy just as much legal protection as print media.
14. (T/F) Intellectual property refers to ideas that have commercial value, such as patents and software programs.
15. The public relations practitioner serves as an ______ between the organization that he or she represents and between all of that organization’s publics.
a) antagonist b) intermediary c) obstacle d) investigator
16 (T/F) Much of modern PR relies on digital communications, but PR still uses rhetoric, symbols and slogans as its tactics.
17 The most famous and successful of the 19th century press agents who created, promoted and exploited the careers of many celebrities was: John Filson b) Harriet Beecher Stowe c) Wild Bill Hickock d) P.T. Barnum
18 The terms “Integrated Communications” or “Integrated Marketing Communications” are used to describe a) business integration b) marketing agency integration c) advertising public relations and marketing integration d) consumer agency integration.
19 Which of the following can be attributed directly to technological transparency?
a) The worldwide increase in computer networks.
b) The expectations that what an organization does will not be viable to all interested parties
c) Increasing the level of literacy
d) The link between culture and economic structure
20 Although PR practitioners are expected to solve problems, _______ problems to avoid conflict or crisis has taken precedence. a ) anticipating b) concealing c) communicating d) integrating
21 When PR practitioners work with lawyers, it is often for the purpose of: a ) increasingly being handled by accountants rather than PR practitioners b) a PR activity that focuses exclusively on internal publics c) primarily concerned with government communications d) a growing PR specialization that now deals in managing both reputation and risk.
22 Investor Relations for publicly owned companies is: a) increasingly being handled by accountants rather than PR practitioners. b) a PR activity that focuses exclusively on external publics c) primarily concerned with government communications d) a growing PR specialization that now deals in managing both reputation and risk
23 (T/F) Dr. Bird argued in class that there were three distinct reasons why Corporate Annual Reports were not Public Relations.
24. When PR practitioners work with lawyers, it is often for the purpose of _______________. a) covering up a negative curt case or legal settlement b) presenting an organization’s position on a legal issue to publics c) initialing a libel suit d) filing a claim against the Securities and Exchange Commission.
25. Which of the following about minority practitioners is true? a) they are hired only by not-for-profit organizations b) they often work for companies or firms that specialize in communicating with minority publics c) their compensation is often equal or higher than that of white practitioners d) they are more likely to report directly to the CEO than white practitioners.
26. The concept that an organization’s advertising, promotions, media relations , employee communications, investor communications, and Internet presence will all be coordinated and focused on the organization’s positioning and mission statements is called a) integrated communications b) marketing c) cross-platform communication d) economic consolidation
27 To developing nations, globalization suggests synergy. To underdeveloped or developing nations “globalization” implies __________. a) loss of indigenous culture b) paternalism c) second colonization d) all of the above
28. The first step for formal research is to : a) obtain the data b) develop the hypothesis c) design the experiment d) define the problem.
29. The final step in formal research is to ____________. a) analyze the data b) communicate the results c) determine whether the hypothesis was supported d) interpret the data
30. If you won a contract with the Federal Government to construct a campaign to lessen the frequency of random shootings across the United States, what would you do first and second?
EXTRA CREDIT
E.C. -1 During the semester we had three guest speakers. Alexandra Gratereaux, Norma Stanley and Colin DeVries. One worked for various media and non-profit companies, the other created her own company, EEE Communications, and the last works for a large, non-profit health institution. From which did you learn the most and why?
E.C. -2 List what you believe to be Seth Finn’s three most salient points in his chapter on Assessment for Media Writing.
E.C. -2 Who is the author of the trade journal and reference books Dr. Bird cited as “The bible of NYC’s public relations”?
Part II Short Answer/ Identification. Select any ten. Worth three points each.
1. The differences between Marketing, Public Relations and Advertising
2. Public Opinion.
3. Audience and Spectators as they differ from Publics
4. Who was Edward Bernays’ Uncle and why is this important?
5. What is the Thesis of Christopher Lasch’s article titled “Journalism, Publicity and the lost Art of Argument”?
6. Name four publics who might be targeted in an internal employee communications program.
7. Name four community publics who might be targeted in an external communications program.
8. Define “Media Relations” and record the goal of Media Relations.
9. List four criteria of professionalism.
10. What is the relationship between lobbying and public relations? Also, in which venerated document is lobbying sanctioned?
11. What is the name of the first female Presidential Press Secretary and what kind of public relations did Dr. Bird argue that she was attempting to do on The Late Show with David Letterman?
12. What type of news approach, Dr. Bird argued, was present in the post 9/11 Fox news video clip, “Rudy the Rock”?
13. List two kinds of public relations demonstrated in the FEDEX name change video clip. Name at least two targeted audiences.
14. According to your text, what is the relationship of ancient pyramids and statues to public relations?
15. What was the relationship between the consumer movement and Ralph Nadar to public relations?
16. According to Dr. Bird, what did the press spokesman for Swissair do so well in regards to the ensuing news coverage of the airline crash?
17. (Directly from your reading) A news release should contain only _________ information. It should not be a thinly disguised advertisement for your organization. A good news release has a ______ _____ ; that is, journalsts and bloggers read it and quickly see that the information it contains is relevant to their readers, listeners or viewers.
PART I SELECT ONLY ONE OF THE TWO BELOW ESSAYS
OPTION A
Worth a Potential of Thirty Points
Early in the Semester, you were given James Grunig’s below Four Models of Public Relations and they are posted on Blackboard. They are: Press Agentry/Publicity; Public Information; Two-Way Asymmetrical; and, Two-Way Symmetrical. Their characteristics are listed in the below chart. Under which structure would you rather work and why?
Secondly, you heard three guest speakers–Alexandra Gratereaux, Norma Stanley and Colin DeVries. One works for various media and non-profit communications companies, the other later in her career created her own company, EEE Communications, and the last works for a large, non-profit health institution. Under which model does each of them work? Write a sentence or two for each speaker about why you think so.
Finally, in terms of persuasion models, on Blackboard I posted a vile Nazi rally of 20,000 Americans held in Madison Square Garden in 1939 led by Fritz Julius Kuhn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eq9yst4W-6c . Which of these four models of communication was Kuhn using? In so doing, you may also delineate the difference between Propaganda and Public Relations.
| Model Name | Type of Communication | Model Characteristics |
| Press agentry/publicity | One-way communication | Uses persuasion and manipulation to influence audiences to behave as the organization desires |
| Public information model | One-way communication | Uses press releases and other one-way communication techniques to distribute organizational information. The public relations practitioner is often referred to as the in-house journalist |
| Two-way asymmetrical model | Two-way communication (imbalanced) | Uses persuasion and manipulation to influence audiences to behave as the organization desires. Differs from the press agentry model through the use of research to find out how best to persuade stakeholders |
| Two-way symmetrical model | Two-way communication | Uses communication to negotiate with the public, resolve conflict and promote mutual understanding and respect between the organization and its stakeholders |
PART I Essay Option B
Worth a Potential of Thirty Points
While Elon Musk’s disastrous takeover of Twitter has dominated the headlines in recent weeks, we’re keeping a close eye on Meta.
Why? Because in an interview earlier this year, Meta President of Global Affairs Nick Clegg signaled that the company could lift Donald Trump’s ban on Facebook and Instagram as early as January 2023.1 (Yep. THAT’S NEXT MONTH.)
It’s critical that we raise our voices now to make sure Meta holds the line. Will you add your name to our petition demanding that Meta keep Trump off Facebook and Instagram for good?
ADD YOUR NAME
In the last month alone, Trump dined with white supremacists at Mar-a-Lago and took to his social-media platform Truth Social to call for the termination of the U.S. Constitution to overturn the 2020 election results.
It’s clear: If Meta allows Trump back on its platforms, it would immediately open the door for more disinformation and extreme rhetoric targeting a much wider audience. We can’t let that happen.
Before the end of the year, add your name to our petition demanding that Meta keep Trump off Facebook and Instagram.
ADD YOUR NAME
Thanks for taking urgent action on this,
Candace and the rest of the Free Press team
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INSTRUCTIONS: The above passage calling for users to sign a petition has enjoyed wide circulation on the Internet. A larger, more comprehensive approach would be to construct a long-term PR plan to achieve the goal of banning Trump from some social media forms. Write TWO or THREE PARAGRAPHS describing your PR plan to achieve these goals far beyond the petition approach described above. ALSO, write ANOTHER TWO OR THREE paragraphs describing what you would do for a client for the OPPOSITE SIDE that wants Trump reinstated so he can regain his First Amendment privileges.
In an additional last paragraph following your paragraphs that reveal your plans on BOTH SIDES, will be a reflective one (not necessary pro or con) addressing the limits of Trump’s First Amendment Rights.
Part II Short Answer/ Identification. Select any ten. Worth three points each.
Part III T/F, MC SELECT THE BEST OPTION FOR All. Worth two points each
7.. The use of messages designed to limit the negative consequences of some kind of crisis for a client is called: a. damage control b. spin c. massage d. conceptualization
16 (T/F) Much of modern PR relies on digital communications, but PR still uses rhetoric, symbols and slogans as its tactics.
17 The most famous and successful of the 19th century press agents who created, promoted and exploited the careers of many celebrities was: John Filson b) Harriet Beecher Stowe c) Wild Bill Hickock d) P.T. Barnum
18 The terms “Integrated Communications” or “Integrated Marketing Communications” are used to describe a) business integration b) marketing agency integration c) advertising public relations and marketing integration d) consumer agency integration.
19 Which of the following can be attributed directly to technological transparency?
20 Although PR practitioners are expected to solve problems, _______ problems to avoid conflict or crisis has taken precedence. a ) anticipating b) concealing c) communicating d) integrating
21 When PR practitioners work with lawyers, it is often for the purpose of: a ) increasingly being handled by accountants rather than PR practitioners b) a PR activity that focuses exclusively on internal publics c) primarily concerned with government communications d) a growing PR specialization that now deals in managing both reputation and risk.
22 Investor Relations for publicly owned companies is: a) increasingly being handled by accountants rather than PR practitioners. b) a PR activity that focuses exclusively on external publics c) primarily concerned with government communications d) a growing PR specialization that now deals in managing both reputation and risk
23 (T/F) Dr. Bird argued in class that there were three distinct reasons why Corporate Annual Reports were not Public Relations.
27 To developing nations, globalization suggests synergy. To underdeveloped or developing nations “globalization” implies __________. a) loss of indigenous culture b) paternalism c) second colonization d) all of the above
EXTRA CREDIT
E.C. -1 During the semester we had three guest speakers. Alexandra Gratereaux, Norma Stanley and Colin DeVries. One worked for various media and non-profit companies, the other created her own company, EEE Communications, and the last works for a large, non-profit health institution. From which did you learn the most and why?
E.C. -2 List what you believe to be Seth Finn’s three most salient points in his chapter on Assessment for Media Writing.
E.C. -2 Who is the author of the trade journal and reference books Dr. Bird cited as “The bible of NYC’s public relations”?
PART II
Short Answer. Instructions Briefly identify or define any twenty from the below forty questions. Worth a potential of three points each. Telegraphic style is acceptable here.
PART III
Instructions: Answer all the following multiple choice, true-false questions. You must indicate the numbers from which you choose. And remember, “When you get there, there isn’t any there there.” — G. Stein Worth one point each.
11 Nineteenth century magazines delved into a variety of topics open for public debate, such as the Civil War and Women’s issues.
12 The term “newsmagazines” was coined in 1923 by the founders of ________Henry Luce and Britton Hadden.
13 A production code developed in the 1960s implemented a system to warm moviegoers about the content of films they were about to see. This system is called a ________system.
14 (T/F) Radio serves small, highly targeted audiences, which makes it an excellent advertising medium for many kinds of specialized products and services.
15 The man credited as inventing the broadcasting network system was _______.
16 What do experts predict about the future of radio in a digital revolution?
17 (T/F) The basic idea behind inverted pyramid style is that the most important information in a story should appear first.
18 (T/F) The reporters who broke the Watergate story were Woodwork and Silverstein.
19 (T/F) The agenda-setting theory of media can be summed up as the press’ ability to highlight issues of importance to the public and the press in such a way as to influence the policy-making agendas of leaders and legislators is called agenda-setting theory.
20 A prepared handout provided to reporters in electronic form, video or on paper by an organization to summarize the “official” version of an event or situations is a __________.
21 ____________media are probably the best expressions of popular culture:
22 (T/F) A public relations campaign is an organized way of communicating carefully designed messages with specific meanings to target audiences that are important to the client.
23 The relationship between public relations and media is_______________: that is, each depends on the other. a. Symbolic b. problematic c. entertaining d. nonexistent
24 The practice of influencing legislators to introduce or vote for measures favorable to the interests represented is called:
25 (T/F) The political environment of the American media has two fundamental elements; 1) A guarantee of freedon of the press is clearly embodied in the US Constitution, and 2) that freedom is not absolute.
26 (T/F) The First Amendment to the US Constitution requires the press to be fair and responsible.
27 Why does slander differ from libel?
EXTRA CREDIT
EC – 1 Cite the four musical forms that uniquely are an American contribution according to lecture.
EC – 2 What is the name of the author of your text and where does that author teach?
EC- 3 When the New York Herald moved uptown, (midtown now) where did it go?
EC – 4 Michael Parenti says that “Audiences usually do some perceptual editing when watching a movie or TV program, projecting their own viewpoint upon the performance.” What communication theory does this support?
EC — 5 Who was Ruth Snyder and how and why did she die?
EC – 6 Dr. Bird spoke concerning the relationships/commonality among American assassins. What was that relationship? And, which communications theory would Bird’s argument support?
EC – 7 You were given the link to the journalism history major events produced at the University of Kansas. This link was sent to you to study. It was organized by decades. Which decades?
EC – 8 When apprehended by an Oklahoma deputy sheriff, Oklahoma bomber Timothy McVeigh was wearing a T-shirt with writing on it to commemorate another assassin. Who was the victim and what did the shirt say?
EC – 9 According to Dr. Bird the name of Marshall McLuhen’s book that nearly all college undergraduates where reading in the mid 1960s was Understanding Media. However, Bird quoted from a 1951 book of McLuhan that mentions prisoners looking at the news about their pending deaths. The First word in the book title was “Mechanical.” What was the second?____
EC – 10 Who are Leslie Gore and Helen Reddy and how are they relevant to this course?
EC – 11 Ten years ago, what kind of media were Adam Lanza, a victim of obsessinve/compulsive disorder and Asperger syndrome,watching the week before he shot and killed 26 people at Sandy Hook School in Newtown, CN?
EC – 12 Just before his execution, what kind of media was Ted Bundy watching that he blamed for the reason of slaughtering dozens of women?
EC – 13 Lyrics from ShowBoat and South Pacific were played in class to Illustrate what about Art and Social Change?
EC – 14 Stephen Sondheim’s musical The Assassins concludes with “Another National Antheum.” Here are the lyrics. Identify the narrator, define what the prize is, and also explain how the instructor linked this into the course materials
Well, there’s another national anthem,
And I think it just began
In the ball park.
Listen hard…
Like the other national anthem
Say to each and every fan:
If you can’t do what you want to,
Then you do the things you can.
You’ve got to try again!
Like they say,
You’ve go to keep on trying
Every day
Until you get a prize..
Create a PowerPoint presentation that reviews four articles written in the last five (5) years on sharing patient information in a cloud-based Health Information Exchange (HIE) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Your presentation should cover the following concepts:
Your presentation should meet the following structural requirements:
Part II. Instructions: Succinctly define any thirty of the following thirty-four terms/queries. Telegraphic style is acceptable and do not write mini-essays! Everything must be recorded in your blue book! (Worth a maximum of two points each for a maximum of 60 points.)
Part III Instructions. Briefly any twenty of the following twenty-two questions. Be succinct. Clearly indicate which options you select, but do not rewrite the questions. Telegraphic style (condensed sentences without verbs) is acceptable here. (Worth a potential of two points each, for a possible combined total of 40 points.)
Which of the following is most true? Television is a (an):
Which started in New York City in 1833?
What was the thesis of Marshall McLuhan’s The Mechanical Bride published in 1952 and which pages did Dr. Bird discuss in class?
List three examples of press control and First Amendment limitations.
( T/F) Feedback is a sender’s communication directly to the audience that indicates whether the message is getting through.
(T/F) The Industrial Revolution followed the Information Age which began in the late 1880s.
(T/F) In the first stage of mass communications intended meanings are decoded by production specialists, such as a news team, a film company, magazine staff, or a digital media team.
(Multiple Choice) Which of the following developed an early model concerning the Accuracy Principal?
A) Has a limited attention span
B) Prefers to be entertained rather than enlightened
C) Quickly loses interest in any subject that makes intellectual demands
D) Is not multi-tasking at the same time.
E) All the above
A.) Implementation of Marshall McLuhan’s Global Village
B.) Surveillance of the environment
C.) Correlation of the parts of society responding to the environment
D.) Transmission of the social heritage from one generation to another
A.) Melvin DeFleur
B.) Sherm Robbins
C.) David Sarnoff
D.) Harold Lasswell
E.) Al Wieboldt
A.) the various media.
B.) message content.
C.) professional communicators.
D.) the audience.
A.) indirect but powerful effects on those who attend to them.
B.) direct but not very powerful effects on those who attend to them.
C.) direct, non-uniform and powerful effects on those who attend them.
D.) direct, immediate and powerful effects of a uniform nature on those who attend to them.
A.) Age
B.) Race
C.) Gender
D.) All the Above
A.) upgrading of homes.
B.) de facto segregation of neighborhoods.
C.) use of land covenants to prevent minorities from owning certain properties.
D.) movement of older citizens into neighborhood formerly populated by younger people
Extra Credit:
EC- 1 Complete the following: “ ….establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to ______ ________ ______ ________.
EC – 2 What is now directly across the street where Megan Kanka lived in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey?
EC – 3 Fill in the two blanks. From a CNN news story (and Bird), “Wisdom is found in our heritage, not in our ____ _____ .
EC – 4 (T/F) Suicide victim and Rutgers student Tyler Clementi jumped off the Bayonne Bridge.
EC – 5 Carl Jung; archetype
EC – 6 What type of crime did the Kefauver hearings investigate from 1950-1951? Dr. Bird used his as an example of what? (Hint: an estimated 32 million people watched these hearings in March 1951 and 72 per cent of the American public was familiar with them.)
Read the following article after reading the assignment Critically Analyze Journal Articles, and write a short paper responding to the below questions. The paper is informal, meaning type the question and then the response. It is for me to see that you are able to analyze articles correctly for a later assignment.
Each group will answer the following questions:
Write a paper based on the Readings and Resources. Using references and citations from the readings, address the following:
1. Describe why support materials are important in creating a speech.
2. Detail the reasons for using support materials.
3. Explain the types of support materials.
4. Can any source of information be used? What makes a source authoritative or expert?
5. What must speakers use to make vivid images successful?
Written in APA style, your paper should use a 12-point font, be double spaced, and be at least five pages long.
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