If you have categorical, ordered data (such as low income, middle income, high income) what type of measurement would you have? Why? Compare and contrast nominal, dichotomous, ordinal, and normal variables. (b) In social science research, why isn’t it important to distinguish between interval and ratio variables?

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Variables, Z Scores, Population and Output

The student will complete 8 short-answer discussions in this course and 1 long-answer Integrating Faith and Learning discussion. In the thread for each short-answer discussion the student will post short answers to the prompted questions. The answers must demonstrate course-related knowledge and support their assertions with scholarly citations in the latest APA format. Minimum word count for all short answers cumulatively is 200 words. The minimum word count for Integrating Faith and Learning discussion is 600 words. For each thread the student must include a title block with your name, class title, date, and the discussion forum number; write the question number and the question title as a level one heading (e.g. D1.1 Variables) and then provide your response; use Level Two headings for multi part questions (e.g. D1.1 & D1.1.a, D1.1.b, etc.), and include a reference section. Respond to the following short answer questions from Chapter Three in the Morgan, Leech, Gloeckner, & Barrett textbook:

If you have categorical, ordered data (such as low income, middle income, high income) what type of measurement would you have? Why?

D2.3.2. (a) Compare and contrast nominal, dichotomous, ordinal, and normal variables. (b) In social science research, why isn’t it important to distinguish between interval and ratio variables?

D2.3.3. What percent of the area under the standard normal curve is within one standard deviation of (above or below) the mean? What does this tell you about scores that are more than one standard deviation away from the mean?

D2.3.4. (a) How do z scores relate to the normal curve? (b) How would you interpret a z score of –3.0? (c) What percentage of scores is between a z of –2 and a z of +2? Why is this important?

D2.3.5. Why should you not use a frequency polygon if you have nominal data? What would be better to use to display nominal data?

Explain clearly the variables you use and the constraints you construct. What is the minimum cost transportation schedule and what are the corresponding costs?

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Paint Transhipment Problem

A company has two factories, one each at Bristol and Leeds. The factories produce paints which are
sold to five wholesalers. The wholesalers are either supplied directly from the factories or through
one of the company warehouses, the transportation costs being paid by the company. The company
has three warehouses, one each in London, Birmingham and Glasgow. Table 1 shows the
transportation costs per ton for deliveries from the suppliers to the warehouses or wholesalers and
also from the warehouses to the wholesalers, omitting entries when delivery from a certain supplier
or warehouse is impossible for some destination.

Warehouse Wholesaler
Supplier London Birmingham Glasgow 1 2 3 4 5
Bristol 25 23 – 80 – 90 100 86
Leeds 30 27 30 – 70 54 – 100
London – – – 37 31 – 40 44
Birmingham – – – 36 40 43 40 46
Glasgow – – – 45 42 30 – 36

TABLE 1: TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN £’S/TON DELIVERED
The two factories at Bristol and Leeds can produce up to 40,000 and 50,000 tons per week
respectively. No more than 20,000 15,000 and 12,000 tons can be moved each week through the
warehouse in London, Birmingham and Glasgow, respectively. Wholesalers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 require at
least 15,000, 20,000, 13,000, 14,000 and 16,000 tons per week respectively.
Answer the following three parts of the problem. Parts A and B are worth 30% each while part C is
worth 40% of the overall mark for this problem.

A. Formulate a linear programming model to determine the minimum cost transportation schedule.
Explain clearly the variables you use and the constraints you construct. What is the minimum
cost transportation schedule and what are the corresponding costs?

B. Discuss the effect on the minimum transportation cost when capacity at each factory or
warehouse is altered by adding or subtracting one ton. What are the minimum capacity changes
at Glasgow that will alter the optimum set of routes and what will those alterations be? Explain
how you arrive at each one of your answers.

C. The management of the company is considering the possibility of closing down one of the
warehouses as this is expected to result in substantial labour and maintenance savings. Further,
the manager of the Birmingham warehouse is considering sub–letting some of the capacity of
this warehouse. Such sub–lets would have to be in exact multiples of 1000 tons. It is estimated
that each 1000 tons of capacity could be let for £21,000 per week. Formulate a mixed integer
linear programming model – or, if necessary, different model variants – to examine and evaluate
the alternative courses of action. What would you recommend the company to do, and why?
Discuss the alternatives, also taking into account the solution from part (a) and explain which
additional information you might need (if any) to give the company more specific advice.

Do the confidence intervals surprise you, knowing what you have learned about confidence intervals, proportions and normal distribution?

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Confidence intervals and sample size

Using the data set you collected in Week 1, excluding the super car outlier, you should have calculated the mean and standard deviation during Week 2 for price data. Along with finding a p and q from Week 3. Using this information, calculate two 95% confidence intervals. For the first interval you need to calculate a T-confidence interval for the sample population. You have the mean, standard deviation and the sample size, all you have left to find is the T-critical value and you can calculate the interval. For the second interval calculate a proportion confidence interval using the proportion of the number of cars that fall below the average. You have the p, q, and n, all that is left is calculating a Z-critical value,

Make sure you include these values in your post, so your fellow classmates can use them to calculate their own confidence intervals. Once you calculate the confidence intervals you will need to interpret your interval and explain what this means in words.

Do the confidence intervals surprise you, knowing what you have learned about confidence intervals, proportions and normal distribution? The Week 5 Confidence T-Interval Mean and Unknown SD PDF and the Week 5 Confidence Interval Proportions PDF at the bottom of the discussion. This will give you a step by step example on how to help you calculate this using Excel. These PDFs will also help you in Quizzes section.

Are the following predictor variables positively or negatively associated with statistics anxiety: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy, and perceived competence?

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Empirical research project

4,500 word empirical research project

Research Question: “Are the following predictor variables positively or negatively associated with statistics anxiety: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy, and perceived competence?”

The 4 predictor variables are intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy, and perceived competence. And the main criterion is statistics anxiety.

For each of the variables a hypothesis should be made and how it associates negatively/positively with statistics anxiety? This can be formulated through data collected in the excel sheet attached. However, this has to be transferred into SPSS and data should be analysed and presented here and how it relates to the hypothesis.

If this study were undertaken, how successfully would it answer the research question(s) it poses? How well does it meet the standards for valid social science research?

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Statistical Sociology – Research Paper Proposal

OBJECTIVE & OVERVIEW: The purpose of this assignment is to apply the skills learned throughout the semester to a social science research topic of interest to you. For this assignment, you will propose a research project you have designed yourself. You must choose your own research topic, devise a researchable research question, and then use the latter to structure your research proposal. The study you propose can be either quantitative or qualitative (but not both), and you must propose to collect your own data and design your own measures (rather than using available data, like the Canadian census, or established measures, like a standard depression inventory). Assume for the purposes of the research proposal that you have a period of up to three years in which to conduct your study. You are required to consult the literature for this proposal but you are not required to actually collect or analyze any data.

EVALUATION: Your project will be graded according to the specification of the research question(s) and the appropriateness, quality, and clarity of the proposed research methodology. Be as detailed and precise as possible, in line with the guidelines. As you design your study, ask yourself: If this study were undertaken, how successfully would it answer the research question(s) it poses? How well does it meet the standards for valid social science research?

PART 1 & PART 2: The research proposal assignment will be divided into two parts. Details regarding Part 1 (10% of your final grade) are provided below. Details for Part 2 (20% of your final grade) will be provided closer to the due date. As you draft Part 2, you must follow any instructions and implement any corrections suggested by the TA who has marked Part 1.

FORMAT FOR PART 1: Include the following sections in your assignment, which should be 4-5 double-spaced pages in length, with page numbers clearly labelled. Before drafting each section, review the relevant textbook and lecture materials. You may order the sections as you wish, but please use bold headers for each section.

Job satisfaction may be predicted by employee characteristics, characteristics of jobs, and company characteristics. Using the tool of regression analysis, does the data set imply support for such expectations?

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Regression Analysis

Q1. Job satisfaction may be predicted by employee characteristics, characteristics of jobs, and company characteristics.

Using the tool of regression analysis, does the data set imply support for such expectations?

If so, then which employee, job, and company characteristics predict job satisfaction, and what is the nature of any such effects in terms of their sign and magnitude?

Q2. Job satisfaction may be lowest neither for very young nor very old employees, and so the association between age and job satisfaction may be U-shaped.

Do the data imply support for such an expectation? And is such a pattern evident in individual countries and years?

What general principles seem to follow from this reading regarding Accenture beyond 2009?

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Management of Information Techology

What general principles seem to follow from this reading regarding Accenture beyond 2009?

Explain your findings in a brief memo that you would deliver to a professional client. Assume that this client is knowledgeable about Medicare and health care policy but has not studied the results of the Statistical Supplement.

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Health Policy Data

One of the foremost concerns in health care policy today is the rising costs of care. Acumen works on several projects that aim to develop and evaluate payment policy reforms with the ultimate goal of lowering health care costs. As a first step for this kind of work, we must understand the drivers of rising health care costs.
In this exercise, you will use historical Medicare data to analyze trends in the costs of inpatient hospitalizations over time. You have been provided with an excerpt from the 2013 Medicare and Medicaid Statistical Supplement to use as a primary resource. No additional references are required; however, some basic background research may help in interpreting this data. Do not worry about adjusting for inflation.
Prompt:
Investigate trends in the number of inpatient discharges and the amount of inpatient payments financed by Medicare from 1994 to 2012. Compare these trends between two types of beneficiary entitlement categories—aged and disabled—and consider the implications that these trends may have on developing future cost-containment strategies.
In your analysis, please make sure to incorporate calculations that support your argument,
including at least the following calculations:
●The percentage change in inpatient payments (total, per discharge, and per day) from
1994 to 2012, for aged and disabled beneficiaries.
●The percentage change in the number of annual inpatient discharges from 1994 to 2012,
for aged and disabled beneficiaries.
●The percentage of all inpatient payments expended for each entitlement type, in 1994 and
in 2012.
Explain your findings in a brief memo that you would deliver to a professional client. Assume that this client is knowledgeable about Medicare and health care policy but has not studied the results of the Statistical Supplement. Organize your findings into clear and informative summary tables or charts that supplement your written conclusions. These may be integrated into the body of your memo or included as an appendix.

How do you determine if a resource is a quality resource or not? Although peer-reviewed resources are often considered quality, what factors might make a peer-reviewed resource a less than optimal source for a research project?

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Peer reviewed sources

How do you determine if a resource is a quality resource or not? Although peer-reviewed resources are often considered quality, what factors might make a peer-reviewed resource a less than optimal source for a research project? Also, explain how you will ensure any information you retrieved from the internet is scientifically accurate.

What is the null hypothesis? What is the research hypothesis? Did you reject the null hypothesis? What information did you use to lead you to your conclusion? Was your p value greater than or less than your alpha?

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Hypothesis

Research Hypothesis (Relative Measures of Disease Frequency)

Create a research hypothesis in your area of study (Health Information Management) that would be answered using either a z- or a t- test. Include the following:

Introduction: Brief description of the study including the purpose and importance of the research question being asked.

What is the null hypothesis? What is the research hypothesis?

Participants/Sampling Method: Describe your sampling method. What is your sample size? Who is your population of interest? How representative is the sample of the population under study?

Data Analysis: Describe the statistical analysis. What is your variable? What is its level of measurement? What is your alpha level?

Results & Discussion: Did you reject the null hypothesis? What information did you use to lead you to your conclusion? Was your p value greater than or less than your alpha?