Identify the principles of statistical reasoning and their use in understanding, analyzing, and developing formal arguments

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  • LO 01.02 – Identify the principles of statistical reasoning and their use in understanding, analyzing, and developing formal arguments
  • LO 01.03 – Outline the overall process and particular steps in designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting and presenting results
  • LO 02.01 – Identify and appropriately apply the elements of statistical thinking
  • LO 02.02 – Determine sampling methods and the benefits of each
  • LO 04.02 – Calculate standard deviation and determine the meaning of data

What are some variables that should be considered in discussing your measures of central tendency and variation?

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Understanding descriptive statistics, their measures of center and their variability, helps form the foundation of statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics tell us how frequently an observation occurs, what is considered average, and how far data in our sample deviate from being average. With these statistics, we are able to provide a summary of characteristics from both large and small datasets. Measures of central tendency and variability provide valuable information on their own, and form the cornerstone of the quantitative structures that we build in our research studies.
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
OpenStax Textbook: Chapter 2
Lesson
Minimum of 1 scholarly source
In your reference for this assignment, be sure to include both your text/class materials AND your outside reading(s).
Initial Post Instructions
For this Discussion, you will examine central tendency and variability in terms of pulse rate.
Find and record the pulse rate of 10 different people where you work. Tell us a little about the population from which you drew your data. Describe your findings in terms of central tendency and variability.
Consider using some of the following to help you form your initial discussion post:
What are your measures of central tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode)? Which might be the better measure for central tendency and why?
What is the standard deviation of your data? How variable are the data (range)?
Are there any outliers? Investigate possible reasons for these outliers, and things that might limit them if further study were to be carried out.
What are some variables that should be considered in discussing your measures of central tendency and variation? Is there any skewness in your measured data?
How would you describe this data (i.e. what insights did you gain from this data)?
Follow-Up Post Instructions

Why do cases of sexual harassment and sexual assault continue to take place in the Army, despite all the training and education that take place?

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– Essay should address the question, “Why do cases of sexual harassment and sexual assault continue to take place in the Army, despite all the training and education that take place?

Pick a developed country, that has not yet been discussed, and state whether the Hubbert curve been accurate for your chosen country.

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The following link may help: https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/ (Links to an external site.).
What is a Hubbert curve? Draw an example of a typical Hubbert curve. Be sure to include the x- and y-axis labels. Pick a developed country, that has not yet been discussed, and state whether the Hubbert curve been accurate for your chosen country. Why or why not? Include a drawing of the Hubbert curve for your chosen country.

Explain how probability can be applied to decision making in public administration.

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Write a 3-5 page summary of materials covered in the Online Statistics Education: A Multimedia Course of Study. Explain how probability can be applied to decision making in public administration. In addition, explain the results achieved and knowledge gained by completing the questions and simulation exercises.

Provide a written description of the data being represented and descriptions of the audience for each visualization.

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Overview: With the explosion of data availability, the challenge becomes discovering meaningful relationships among data and determining how to illustrate
and communicate that information. In this class, you will learn how to present data in a relevant manner that would enable a diverse audience to interpret the
meaning/significance. The initial challenge for data presentation is in finding appropriate data sources and defining the message. In this assignment, you will
access a reliable data set and, with that, create a different visualization for two different audiences.
Prompt: In this task, you will select a data set from Google Public Data and create two different visual representations of the data set you selected.
Go to Google Public Data and choose a data set.
Include the following critical elements:
 Visual Representations (2)
o Using the available data and tools, create the plots, graphs, etc., for each audience that match the needs of the audiences.
 Identify two different types of audiences.
 Using the selected data set, create two visualizations—one for each identified audience.
 Audience Needs
o Provide a written description of the data being represented and descriptions of the audience for each visualization, and explain the audience
strengths and weaknesses for each of the two data visualization methods.
 Specifically, contrast the needs and sophistication of the target audiences, addressing the following questions:
 Will the overall message change for each audience?
 How familiar will each audience be with the issue at hand and with the terminology?
 How will things such as educational levels, age levels, primary language, cultural diversity, and other factors vary among your
target audiences?
 Data Visualization Methods
o Provide a written explanation of why each data visualization method you chose is appropriate for each audience.
 Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the two data visualization methods used as it relates to the selected audience.
NOTE: Save your visualization and data for the Module Two assignment, which will use these results.
Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Submit a Microsoft Word document including your written description and screenshots of your two visualizations

Classify the three sources of measurement error in this scenario and describe how they may impact reliability.

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Paper #1
Submit a 1-2 page (“page” means “FULL PAGE”) response to this question:
Manuel is taking an achievement test for the second time. He expresses feeling tired after attending a pep rally at school the night before, but is excited about playing in the football game tonight. The heater does not appear to be working properly. It is making a clicking sound, and the room is relatively cold. After taking the test, Manuel reports that some of the questions were easy to answer because he remembers them from the previous test. Classify the three sources of measurement error in this scenario and describe how they may impact reliability.
NOTE: Any paper submitted that is less than the minimum amount of 1 FULL page will not receive a passing score. A “full page” means a full page: no half pages or 3/4ths of a page, with no large spaces (especially at the top and bottom of the page). The maximum points one can earn with anything less than a FULL page will be 3 points, which is a D.
QUOTE LIMIT: To prevent students from copying-and-pasting large blocks of material (content) from online sources/websites/textbooks. etc., and to specifically prevent students from relying on others to provide content for them, only a single quote from that source is permitted per assignment. THIS QUOTE IS SET AT A ONE SENTENCE LIMIT, MUST be in quotations, and MUST be properly cited where the instructor can easily verify the source. Meaning, you CAN a quote from an outside source, but they cannot exceed one sentence. Do not forget this. Any assignment that incorporates large blocks of text (quotes from outside sources) that exceeds this limit will not receive a passing score. Do not forget this. This assignment needs to be in your own words…not theirs.

IMPORTANT: Do not include your name, my name, the name of the course, the name of the college, the name of the assignment, the date, wasted space or any other filler information on the assignment. Rather, at the very top of the page, immediately begin with the very first word of the assignment. If you include your name, my name, etc., this may affect the length of the paper by making it too short. If your assignment is too short because of this, it will NOT count as a “FULL AND COMPLETE PAGE”, and you will only receive a “D” on this assignment for being too short. DO NOT FORGET THIS.

How can a powerful presentation of data affect learning and understanding?

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Watch the video The Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen.

Answer the following questions:

Which of the data visualizations was most powerful for you? Why?
How can a powerful presentation of data affect learning and understanding?

Using Excel, find the mean, standard deviation, and 5-number summary of this sample.

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Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

The most frequently used measures of central tendency for quantitative data are the mean and the median. The following table shows civil service examination scores from 24 applicants to law enforcement jobs:

83 74 85 79

82 67 78 70

18 93 64 27

93 98 82 78

68 82 83 99

96 62 93 58

Using Excel, find the mean, standard deviation, and 5-number summary of this sample.

Construct and paste a box plot depicting the 5-number summary.
Does theUsing Excel, find the mean, standard deviation, and 5-number summary of this sample. have outliers? If so, which one(s)?
Would you prefer to use the mean or the medianas this dataset’s measure of central tendency? Why?

Write a paragraph that describes why your research topic is important.

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Selecting Your Research Topic
Choose a research topic to use throughout this course. You will use this research topic as the foundation from which you will expand into the different elements of a research paper. This research topic will be the basis of your term paper and your presentation at the end of the term. Use the section headings below.
1. Background
Introduce your research topic by writing about your subject.
2. Significance
Write a paragraph that describes why your research topic is important.
3. Problem Statement
Write a paragraph or more that describes a problem within your topic that merits investigation.
The problem statement should be a minimum of 1 paragraph.
The problem statement should be clearly identified. Use a statement similar to:
The problem that this research will investigate is…
The problem statement must convey an issue that is easily identified as a “problem” by someone who reads this statement.
Include citations, references and a bibliography.