What does the health care system looks like? Why does ageing poses a challenge to that system?

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Why policy makers should be concerned about demographic ageing in long term care policy in UK

*** Part 1 :  Focusing on the effects of population ageing, then you should focus on presenting demographics that are relevant to the long term care aspects of ageing. First section of your paper should clearly present trends, using quantitative data when possible (use graphs too), to illustrate your argument clearly.

***Part 2 : should focus on your argument in relation to long term care policy challenges and responses to the particular aspect of population ageing you are examining. Focuses on long term care policy consequences of that demographic and the long term care policy approach that you propose to address those challenges.

For this essay, we are looking for critical reasoning and cohesive argumentation around

population ageing and its consequences for major areas of social policy. That is, a critical

analysis of the extent to which population ageing poses a problem for societies, and focused

argumentation on the possible policy responses to the key challenges thought to be

associated with ageing societies. In writing your essay, consider whether demographic factors

are the only factors that policy makers should be taking into account.

Your essay should cover both demographic data on population ageing and the key policy

challenge(s) and approaches you will focus on. It is important that you provide a balanced

structure adequately covering both demography and policy. We expect you to assess the key

demographic trends important for your policy area or areas as well as any alternative factors

that may also have an impact. You are expected to use only empirical/scientific evidence to

support the points you make. The reference list below provides a helpful introduction to the

issues surrounding the policy impact of population ageing. You are, however, expected to

read far more widely around the subject in preparing your essay.

You will be expected to clearly and concisely convey your argument as to why policy makers should be interested in the demography of ageing. The outline should include an analysis of key demographic trends that motivate and lead up to your central argument

Some suggested references

-Doyle, Y., McKee, M., Rechel, B. and Grundy, E. 2011 ‘How to meet the challenge of ageing

populations’, BMJ, 892-894.

-Malley, J, Hancock, R, Murphy, M, Adams, J, Wittenberg, R, Comas-Herrera, A, Curry, C, King,

D, James, S, Morciano, M and Pickard, L (2011). “The effect of lengthening life expectancy on

future pension and long-term care expenditure in England, 2007 to 2032.” Health Statistics

Quarterly. p. 52.

-Martín Martína, José J., Puerto López del Amo Gonzáleza, M. & Dolores Cano García, M., 2011,

‘Review of the literature on the determinants of healthcare expenditure’, Applied Economics,

43, 1, 19-46.

-Pickard, L, Wittenberg, R., Comas-Herrera, A., King, D. and Malley, J. (2012) “Mapping the

future of family care: Receipt of informal care by older people with disabilities in England to

2032.” Social Policy and Society, 11, 533-545.

-Seshamani, M. and A. Gray (2002). “The impact of ageing on expenditures in the National

Health Service.” Age and Ageing, 31, 287-294.

Some recommendations for summative essay

  1. 1. Focus and argument: It is crucial that your essay identifies a concrete, original argument

that you want to pursue in relation to population ageing and policy responses. It is

important that your essay is built around this original, central argument, and that you use

the literature (scientific theories, empirical papers) to support your argument. You may

have an argument that cuts across both the demographics and policy sections, or you may

have two arguments, one in relation to the demographics section and one in relation to

the policy section. If the latter is the case, the ‘policy argument’ should build up logically

from the ‘demographics’ argument.

  1. Structure: A key criteria for evaluation is structure, which refers to the coherence of the

paper and the articulation of your argument in a systematic way. It is important to start

by outlining the argument you are putting forward, and use demographic data from

available studies in the country, region or area you are focusing on. Very early in the essay,

often in the first or second paragraph, it is often advisable to state your central argument

which is going to be the pillar around which your ideas in the essay are articulated (not

only the topic, but the central argument you wish to defend). The second part should then

focus on your argument on the policy challenges and responses.

  1. Policy section: The second part of the essay should focus on your argument in relation to

policy challenges and responses to the particular aspect of population ageing you are

examining. It is important to clarify to yourself before you start writing what your critical

argument is in terms of policy responses. Please remember it is preferable to choose a

policy or a few policy options and go into detail, rather than superficially discussing too

many policy challenges and options.

  1. References: Please make sure to support your statements with scientific references

(ideally published paper or book chapters). Please have a look at the handbook to make

sure you follow the appropriate referencing style.

Does the presence of automatic hand sanitizers in every resident’s room affect the compliance of hand hygiene among the health care personnel and the residents in nursing homes?

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PICOT Statement

Does the presence of automatic hand sanitizers in every resident’s room affect the compliance of hand hygiene among the health care personnel and the residents in nursing homes?

How then does the localist rhetoric relate to those who do not equate food that is “geographically proximate” to good food?

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How then does the localist rhetoric relate to those who do not equate food that is “geographically proximate” to good food?

Mobility, embodiment, and scales: Filipino immigrant perspectives on local food

How can the powerful Gillette, a unit of Procter & Gamble with annual revenues of $65 billion, be beaten by a brash startup?

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See the case below:

Business Model Innovation: How Dollar Shave Club Disrupted Gillette WHILE MOST of our attention is captured by fancy high-tech innovations such as the iPhone or Tesla’s sleek electric vehicles, innovations need neither to be high-tech nor radical to be successful. Until recently, Gillette, the company that invented the safety razor and the razor–razor-blade business model, dominated the $3 billion U.S. market for wet shaving with some 75 percent market share. Yet Dollar Shave Club, which began as a fledgling startup with an initial budget of $8,000, disrupted the powerful Gillette with a low-tech innovation and is gaining market share rapidly. How can the powerful Gillette, a unit of Procter & Gamble with annual revenues of $65 billion, be beaten by a brash startup? Gillette’s pattern of innovation over time led to overshooting in the market, resulting in a product that became overengineered and too expensive. The entrepreneur King Gillette invented the safety razor some 115 years ago and also came up with the highly profitable business model of selling the razor for a low price and charging a premium for replacement razor blades. This razor–razor-blade business model, so named to commemorate its origins, has now been widely adopted. When introduced, the safety razor was a radical innovation, allowing Gillette a temporary competitive advantage. To sustain this advantage, Gillette followed up with incremental innovations, mainly by adding more blades to its razor until there were not one but six! As a result of this innovation pattern, Gillette’s newest razor, the Fusion ProGlide with Flexball technology, a razor handle that features a swiveling ball hinge, costs $11.49 (and $12.59 for a battery-operated one) per razor! This pricing exposed Gillette to low-cost disruption. The high-end, highly priced offering of the market leader is not only overshooting what the market demands, but also often priced too high. Does anyone really need six blades on one razor or want to pay over $10 for one cartridge? image The entrepreneur Michael Dubin founded Dollar Shave Club using a business model innovation by providing an online subscription-based mail-order alternative to in-store retail purchases of razor blades. Many customers were not only turned off by Gillette’s premium prices, but also by the inconveniences that in-store purchases entail. Given that packs of razor blades are a prime target for shoplifters, many stores lock them in glass vitrines, much to the dismay of customers who have to hunt down an employee with a key to access razor blades. ©Dan Krauss Seeing the opening provided by Gillette’s focus on the high-end, high-margin portion of the market, Dollar Shave Club established a low-cost alternative to invade Gillette’s market from the bottom up. With an $8,000 budget and the help of a hilarious promotional video that went viral with 25 million views, entrepreneur Michael Dubin launched Dollar Shave Club, an ecommerce startup that delivers razors by mail. After the promotional video was uploaded on YouTube in March 2012, some 12,000 people signed up for Dollar Shave page 475membership within the first 48 hours! The company also raised more than $20 million in venture capital funding from prominent firms such as Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Andreessen Horowitz, among others. Dollar Shave Club followed up with advertising on regular television in addition to its online campaigns and has expanded its product lines with the introduction of additional personal grooming products. Dollar Shave Club is an ecommerce company that uses a subscription-based business model. As the company’s name suggests, its entry-level membership plan delivers a razor and five cartridges a month for just $1 (plus $2 shipping). The member selects an appropriate plan, pays a monthly fee, and receives razors every month in the mail. Dollar Shave Club is using a business model innovation to disrupt an existing market. Technology is defined as the methods and materials used to achieve a commercial objective. The technology or method here is the business model innovation, a potent competitive weapon. The entrepreneur identified the market need for those who don’t like to go shopping for razors and certainly don’t like to pay the high prices commanded by market leaders such as Gillette. Procter & Gamble’s competition also took notice. Unilever, P&G’s European rival, has long stayed away from the U.S. wet shaving market because Gillette was so dominant. But noting how Dollar Shave Club disrupted the market, resulting in Gillette’s rapid market share decline, Unilever saw its opening into the U.S. market. The Anglo-Dutch multinational consumer products company, with some $61 billion in annual revenues and thus roughly the same size as P&G, offered a whopping $1 billion in cash in 2016 to buy Dollar Shave Club. Not too bad of an offer for a five-year-old startup! Dubin happily accepted the offer and sold Dollar Shave Club to Unilever. With sales of razors and razor blades moving rapidly online, Unilever is hoping to leverage this business model innovation to unseat Gillette’s dominance in the U.S. market. Gillette is not sitting by idle: It responded swiftly by offering its own subscription-based service (Gillette Shave Club) and by lowering prices up to 20 percent, a move that was unimaginable in the past few decades. Successful innovations also lead to imitations. A mere two years after Dollar Shave Club started, two entrepreneurs founded Harry’s, another online, subscription-based mail-order business for shaving equipment. After Target invited Harry’s to put flashy displays in all of its stores in 2016, its business took off. This was a smart move on Target’s part, because it allowed it to put some competitive pressure on Gillette, which has historically held a near-monopoly position as a supplier with its 75 percent market share. Similar to Dollar Shave Club, Harry’s business is growing rapidly. As a consequence of increased competition, Gillette’s market share in the $3 billion market for razors and razor blades has declined from some 75 percent (in 2010) to below 60 percent (by 2017), and continues to slide.

 

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

If you buy shaving equipment, do you purchase it in a retail store or online? Explain your choice. Apply the four I’s framework: idea, invention, innovation, and imitation to describe the wet shaving industry in the United States over the past 100 years.

How was Gillette initially able to gain a competitive advantage? Was Gillette able to sustain its competitive advantage? If so, how? What market opening did entrepreneurs, such as Michael Dubin with Dollar Shave Club, use to enter the industry? How did they enter the industry?

What type of innovation did they use, and why were they successful? Why did Unilever offer $1 billion (in cash!) for Dollar Shave Club? Do you think online startups such as Dollar Shave Club and Harry’s will continue to steal market share from Gillette? Why or why not?

How does cyberbullying affect people?

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How Cyber bullying Affect People?

Does William of Rubruck’s account show another side to Mongol culture different from what one might see solely from considering the way they waged war?

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Sources:
Escaping the Mongols: A Survivor’s Account from the 13th Century” http://www.medievalists.net/2018/01/escaping-mongols-survivors-account-13th-century/
“William of Rubruck’s Account of the Mongols” https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/rubruck.html
Instruction:

Through roughly 70 years of military campaigning, the Mongols established the largest contiguous land empire in world history. As the historian Morris Rossabi explains, because of the speed and ruthlessness with which they did so, the Mongols have been portrayed as barbaric in Persian, Chinese, and Russian accounts. Yet, the Mongols were certainly not the first or the last to brutally conquer others in the quest for empire. This raises the question as to whether, in other facets of their lives, the Mongols are as barbaric as these sources show them to be.

Outsider accounts of the Mongols are available that offer insight into their culture and way of life. For example, one of the earliest and most useful accounts was written by William of Rubruck, a Catholic missionary (a Flemish Franciscan, to be precise) who traveled through Mongol territory from 1253 to 1255 CE.

For this discussion, review the short article about Mongols methods of warfare, “Escaping the Mongols.” Then read sections of William of Rubruck’s account that pertain to Mongol culture or that are of particular interest to you (especially “Mongols social and religious customs”, “Funeral Practices”, “The Khan’s Palace at Karakorum”, “Religious Customs”).

Does William of Rubruck’s account show another side to Mongol culture different from what one might see solely from considering the way they waged war? Are they wholly barbaric or also civilized and sophisticated? Choose at least four examples from William of Rubruck’s account to explain your answer.

The ADA requires “reasonable accommodations.” First, in your own words, what does this mean? What must an employer do?

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You must do your own work and use Turnitin. I will not accept any paper that has 25% or more “similarity.” See Syllabus. I will also not accept papers that fail to properly cite to sources.

Like all papers you’ll submit, formatting is: 1” margins all around, double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font. No headers, No name，extra spaces between paragraphs – none of the little tricks that take up space.

This time, you answer 3 of 5 questions. There is a 1 page minimum per answer…which equates to an “average” score. As always, if you want a better score…do more than the minimum work required. I can tell when a student has done the work and when they have waited until the last minute to throw something together. Don’t be in that latter group.

Questions below：

The ADA requires “reasonable accommodations.” First, in your own words, what does this mean? What must an employer do? Then, imagine you are a hospitality manager in a large hotel. You have a number of disabled employees. Identify at least four (4) different disabilities your employees may have and for each disability identify a reasonable accommodation you may provide. Finally, in your own words, when can you refuse to provide a reasonable accommodation to an applicant or employee who requests one?

A hospitality facility may not be required to provide a reasonable accommodation if it would result in an “undue hardship.” Do some research and find a case where a court ruled that a requested accommodation was reasonable and did not result in an “undue hardship.” Tell me why the court ruled in favor of the plaintiff. Then, find a case where a court ruled that an accommodation was not reasonable because it resulted in an “undue hardship.” Again, tell me why the court ruled in favor of the defendant. In  both instances, I want you to share the most important facts that “persuaded” the court.

Legal Research Methods and Project: Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical issues related to your legal research.

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Assignment Brief
As part of the formal assessment for the programme you are required to submit a Legal Research Methods and Project dissertation. Please refer to your Student Handbook for full details of the programme assessment scheme and general information on preparing and submitting assignments.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing the module, you should be able to:
1. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical issues related to your legal research.
2. Show a critical understanding of the merits of a range of literature in support of the research.
3. Select, evaluate and apply critical legal thinking to a legal issue.
4. Critically evaluate the techniques and processes used to investigate a legal issue.
5. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical issues related to your legal research.
6. Synthesise information to arrive at a coherent conclusion
Your assignment should include: a title page containing your student number, the module name, the submission deadline and a word count; the appendices if relevant; and a reference list in OSCOLA format. You should address all the elements of the assignment task listed below. Please note that tutors will use the assessment criteria set out below in assessing your work.
Maximum word count: 9000 words
Please note that exceeding the word count by over 10% will result in a reduction in grade by the same percentage that the word count is exceeded.
You must not include your name in your submission because Arden University operates anonymous marking, which means that markers should not be aware of the identity of the student. However, please do not forget to include your STU number.
Warning:
QLD Regulations require that unfair practice findings are referred to the SRA (Solicitors Regulation Authority) and BSB (Bar Standards Board) and can prevent admission as a barrister or a solicitor. Take your referencing seriously. Do not risk you career.
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Assessment Task
This assessment is worth 100% of the total marks for the module.
This assessment consists of TWO parts, Part A and Part B. You must complete both parts.
Part A is a research proposal plan of the comparative law project that you will complete in Part B. Part A must be completed and agreed by your tutor. Part A carries no marks. You cannot move onto Part B until Part A has been agreed by your tutor. Once Part A has been agreed by your tutor, you can complete Part B, the dissertation. Part B carries 100% of the marks.
You can choose your own research area OR research ONE of the three research areas posted to the assessments tab of the module homepage. You must ONLY research ONE area.
Part A – Research Proposal Plan
You must complete a research proposal plan of your comparative research project and submit to your tutor. Your work will either be supervised by your tutor or by a subject specialist supervisor allocated by your tutor. Your research plan MUST compare the law in England and Wales to at least one other jurisdiction. Once your supervisor has agreed your research proposal plan you can move onto Part B.
Your research proposal plan must EITHER research an area of your own choosing OR research one of the THREE areas posted to the assessments tab on the module homepage. You must ONLY research one area.
If you are choosing your own research area, you MUST contact your tutor by email before you start work on your proposal to discuss the research area with the tutor. Your tutor will consider suitability of the research area and allocate a supervisor. If there is no suitable subject specialist to supervise your work available, then you will need to select a new area to research.
If you are researching one of the three suggested research areas posted to the module homepage, you MUST contact your tutor before you commence work on your proposal so that your tutor can allocate an appropriate supervisor.
If you wish to complete any empirical research, you MUST contact your tutor to discuss. Empirical research requires ethical approval and cannot be commenced until ethical approval has been given. Your tutor will provide you with ethical approval forms. Completion of empirical research without appropriate approval will result in a zero grade and referral to the Ethics Committee.
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For your chosen research area, you are required to design a research proposal plan which includes:
• Working title
• The aim of your research
• Why the research is important
• The comparator country or countries chosen
• Why you have chosen the comparator country
• The comparative legal research methods you will use
• The literature you will to rely on
• The ethical issues related to your legal research
• Your research timeline
Your supervisor will provide support over email and, if you wish, one live session which could be completed using Skype, Adobe Connect, Live Chat or equivalent. The purpose of this support is to ensure that you understand what you need to do and to clarify any problems you may be experiencing.
Your research proposal plan should be no more than 1,000 words.
Submit your research proposal plan to your supervisor by email. Your supervisor will respond within five working days. Response could require further work on the proposal prior to signing off the proposal or signing the proposal off. Remember to leave enough time to complete your dissertation.
Part B – Comparative Law Project
DO NOT ATTEMPT THIS PART UNTIL PART A HAS BEEN SIGNED OFF. IF PART B IS SUBMITTED BEFORE PART A HAS BEEN SIGNED OFF BY YOUR WORK YOU WILL BE GRADED ZERO FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT.
Research, write, reference and submit your comparative law research project, ensuring that the focus of the project reflects the feedback you received from your tutor or supervisor regarding your proposal. Your project has a maximum word count of 9,000 words.
Your project should be written in Arial 12, double spaced, and written in essay format. It should also include a bibliography and be correctly referenced throughout, using OSCOLA referencing).
(100 marks)
(LO 1 – 6)
(9,000 words)
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Formative Feedback
You have the opportunity to submit a draft of the dissertation to receive formative feedback.
The feedback is designed to help you develop areas of your work and it helps you develop your skills as an independent learner.
If you are a distance learning student, you should submit your work, by email, to your supervisor, no later than two weeks before the actual submission deadline. If you are a blended learning student, your tutor or supervisor will give you a deadline for formative feedback and further details.
Formative feedback will not be given to work submitted after the above date
Warning:
QLD Regulations require that unfair practice findings are referred to the SRA (Solicitors Regulation Authority) and BSB (Bar Standards Board) and can prevent admission as a barrister or a solicitor. Take your referencing seriously. Do not risk you career.
Student Guidelines
Development of academic skills:
You MUST underpin your analysis and evaluation of the key issues with appropriate and wide ranging academic research and ensure this is referenced using the OSCOLA system. The My Study Skills Area contains an OSCOLA Referencing Interactive Tutorial.
You must use the OSCOLA Referencing method in your assignment.
Additional Notes:
Students are required to indicate the exact word count on the title page of the assessment. The word count excludes the title page, executive summary, tables, figures, diagrams, footnotes, reference list and appendices. Where assessment questions have been reprinted from the assessment brief these will also be excluded from the word count. ALL other printed words ARE included in the word count. See ‘Word Count Policy’ on the homepage of this module for more information.
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Submission Guidance:
Assignments submitted late will not be accepted and will be marked as a 0% fail.
Your assessment should be submitted as a single Word (MS Word) or PDF file. For more information please see the “Guide to Submitting an Assignment” document available on the module page on iLearn.
You must ensure that the submitted assignment is all your own work and that all sources used are correctly attributed. Penalties apply to assignments which show evidence of academic unfair practice. (See the Student Handbook which is on the homepage of your module and also in the Induction Area).
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Assessment Criteria: Level 6
Level 6 study represents the student’s increasing autonomy and independence in relation to their knowledge, understanding and skills. At Level 6, students are expected to demonstrate problem solving skills in both practical and theoretical contexts. This should be supported by an understanding of appropriate theory, creativity in expression and thought based on independent but informed judgments. Students should demonstrate the ability to seek out, invoke, analyse and evaluate competing theories and claims to knowledge and work in a critically constructive manner. Work at this level is articulate, coherent and skilled. Grade Mark Bands Generic Assessment Criteria First (1)
80%+
An exceptional knowledge base exploring and analysing the discipline, its theory and any associated ethical considerations. The work demonstrates extraordinary independence of thought and originality. There is exceptional management of learning resources and a high degree of autonomy is demonstrated which goes above and beyond the brief. The work demonstrates intellectual originality and creativity. Writing is exceptionally well structured and accurately referenced throughout. Where appropriate, outstanding professional skills are demonstrated. The work is original and with some additional effort could be considered for internal publication.
70-79%
An excellent information base within which the discipline is explored and analysed. There is considerable originality in the approach and the work demonstrates confidence and autonomy and extends to consider ethical issues. Learning resources have been managed with exceptional confidence and the work exceeds the assessment brief. Writing is exceptionally well structured and accurately referenced throughout. Where appropriate, an excellent level of professional skills are demonstrated and the work demonstrates a high level of intellectual and academic skills. Upper second (2:1)
60-69%
A very good knowledge base which explores and analyses the discipline, its theory and any associated ethical issues. There is evidence of some originality and independence of thought. A very good range of learning resources underpin the work and there is clear evidence of self-directed research. The work demonstrates the ability to analyse the subject and apply theory with good academic and intellectual skills. Academic writing skills are good, expression is accurate overall and the work is consistently referenced throughout.
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Lower second (2:2)
50-59%
A satisfactory understanding of the discipline which supports some analysis, evaluation and problem-solving within the discipline. There may be reference to some of the ethical considerations. The work shows a sound level of competence in managing basic sources and materials. Academic writing skills are good and accurate overall and the work is planned and structured with some thought. Professional skills are satisfactory (where appropriate). The work may lack originality but academic and intellectual skills are moving into the critical domain. The work is referenced throughout.
Third (3)
40-49%
Basic level of performance in which there are some omissions in the understanding of the subject, its underpinning theory and
ethical considerations. There is little evidence of independent thought and the work shows a basic use of sources and materials. Academic and intellectual skills are limited. The work may lack structure overall. There are some difficulties in developing professional skills (where appropriate). There is an attempt to reference the work. Marginal Fail
30-39%
A limited piece of work in which there are clear gaps in understanding the subject, its underpinning theory and ethical considerations. The work shows a limited use of sources and materials. Academic and intellectual skills are weak and there are errors in expression and the work may lack structure overall. There are difficulties in developing professional skills (where appropriate). The work lacks original thought and is largely imitative.
29% and below
A poor performance in which there are substantial gaps in knowledge and understanding, underpinning theory and ethical considerations. The work shows little evidence in the use of appropriate sources and materials. Academic writing skills are very weak and there are numerous errors in expression. The work lacks structure overall. Professional skills (where appropriate) are not developed. The work is imitative.

How could the monopolist increase profits even further? What is the maximum possible profit achievable in this market, and how can it be achieved?

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ECON0002: Economics Term 1, 2019-20
Assignment 7
Please note that this assignment should be submitted using the relevant Turnitin link on Moodle.
Before you do so, you will need to complete the Self-Evaluation Survey.
COMPLETE ALL MCQs IN UNIT 7 OF THE E-BOOK. In preparation for this tutorial, you
should complete ALL the multiple choice question in the free e-book, The Economy. Please note
that each incorrect option has an explanation attached to it which will be shown if you choose
that option. Use this feature to further your understanding. In your tutorial you can ask and
discuss those questions you found particularly difficult.
COURSEWORK COMPONENT TO BE SOLVED BEFORE CLASS AND UPLOADED
VIA TURNITIN: Answer the following 2 questions and submit them through the Turnitin link
(in the Tutorial Assignments Block) on the Moodle page. Please type your answers if at all
possible, and scan in any hand-drawn diagrams etc. Submitting your questions is part of the
coursework component for this course. Failing to do so may affect your eligibility to take the
final exam.
IN THE TUTORIAL: You will be asked to complete at least ONE additional MCQs during the
tutorial. This question will be more representative of the questions you will be asked in the
exams. The e-book MCQs are essential preparation for the tutorial, for the additional MCQs, and
eventually for the exams.
In addition, we will discuss the two questions below, which you will have prepared and
submitted before the tutorial. Your tutor will give you written feedback in Turnitin on one of the
questions and will give verbal group feedback during the tutorial.
ECON0002: Economics Term 1, 2019-20
University College London
Question 1.
1. A monopolist is facing a demand function Q = 20 – P. The monopolist has a cost
function C(Q) = 90 + 2 . Please answer this question graphically and also analytically
whenever possible.
a. If the monopolist charges a uniform price to all its customers, what is the profitmaximizing
price, and quantity? What is the profit and the consumer surplus?
b. Suppose the government does not like the outcome in the previous question. What
is the minimum price it can force the monopolist to charge that is consistent with
the monopolist operating, and why? What would the government need to do to
increase the surplus even further? What are the difficulties in achieving this
objective?
c. How could the monopolist increase profits even further? What is the maximum
possible profit achievable in this market, and how can it be achieved?
ECON0002: Economics Term 1, 2019-20
University College London
Question 2:
In The Economy, answer Exercise 7.3, Unit 7:
Below you can see the average and marginal costs per student for the year 1990-1 that Koshal
and Koshal calculated from their research.
1. How do average costs change as the numbers of students rise?
2. Using the data for average costs, fill in the missing figures in the total cost column.
3. Plot the marginal and average cost curves for undergraduate education on a graph, with costs
on the vertical axis and the number of students on the horizontal axis. On a separate diagram,
plot the equivalent graphs for graduates.
ECON0002: Economics Term 1, 2019-20
University College London
4. What are the shapes of the total cost functions for undergraduates and graduates? (You could
sketch them using what you know about marginal and average costs.) Plot them on a single chart
using the numbers in the Total cost column.
5. What are the main differences between the universities’ cost structures for undergraduates and
graduates?
6. Can you think of any explanations for the shapes of the graphs you have drawn?

Why is earnings management adopted? What are the techniques and consequences of earnings management?

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Why is earnings management adopted? What are the techniques and consequences of earnings management?